CN110505974A - 机动车辆中的牵引电池组的电池电流极限和车载网络电流极限的确定方法 - Google Patents
机动车辆中的牵引电池组的电池电流极限和车载网络电流极限的确定方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110505974A CN110505974A CN201880025573.6A CN201880025573A CN110505974A CN 110505974 A CN110505974 A CN 110505974A CN 201880025573 A CN201880025573 A CN 201880025573A CN 110505974 A CN110505974 A CN 110505974A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cont
- voltage
- limint
- battery
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1753340 | 2017-04-18 | ||
FR1753340A FR3065298B1 (fr) | 2017-04-18 | 2017-04-18 | Procede de determination d'une limite de courant de cellule d'une batterie de traction et d'un reseau de bord dans un vehicule automobile |
PCT/FR2018/050880 WO2018193183A1 (fr) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-04-09 | Procédé de détermination d'une limite de courant de cellule d'une batterie de traction et d'un réseau de bord dans un véhicule automobile |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110505974A true CN110505974A (zh) | 2019-11-26 |
CN110505974B CN110505974B (zh) | 2023-06-23 |
Family
ID=59745998
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201880025573.6A Active CN110505974B (zh) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-04-09 | 机动车辆中的牵引电池组的电池电流极限和车载网络电流极限的确定方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10843647B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110505974B (zh) |
FR (1) | FR3065298B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018193183A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113787941A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-14 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | 一种基于电流积分窗的座椅极限位置校准方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113071333A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | 一种蓄电池组及具有上装电驱作业功能的汽车 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040000892A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-01 | Koo Jae-Seung | Method for determining a maximum charge current and a maximum discharge current of a battery |
DE102008048510A1 (de) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-03-25 | Trw Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Antriebaggregats |
CN102341722A (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2012-02-01 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 确定用于识别车载电网稳定性的特征量的方法和设备 |
CN103182997A (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-03 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 线路单元、电压电路及其制造方法、限制电流变化的方法 |
CN105034991A (zh) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-11-11 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 车载电网和用于运行车载电网的方法 |
DE102014223971A1 (de) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Mehr-Energiespeicher-System für Kraftfahrzeugbordnetze |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6992452B1 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2006-01-31 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Dynamic current limiting |
CN102204000B (zh) * | 2008-11-04 | 2015-03-18 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 燃料电池的发电控制装置以及发电控制方法 |
US8937447B2 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2015-01-20 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods and systems for controlling a boost converter |
KR101339279B1 (ko) | 2012-12-18 | 2014-01-06 | 기아자동차 주식회사 | 연료 전지 차량의 컨버터 제어 장치 및 그 방법 |
DE102014201360A1 (de) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-07-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bordnetz |
US11173775B2 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2021-11-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Closed loop feedback control to mitigate lithium plating in electrified vehicle battery |
US10035426B2 (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2018-07-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Battery power management in hybrid vehicles |
US10214111B2 (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2019-02-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electrified vehicle power conversion for low voltage bus |
US10625627B2 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-04-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of remedying lithium plating in a high voltage battery |
-
2017
- 2017-04-18 FR FR1753340A patent/FR3065298B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-04-09 WO PCT/FR2018/050880 patent/WO2018193183A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2018-04-09 CN CN201880025573.6A patent/CN110505974B/zh active Active
- 2018-04-09 US US16/489,130 patent/US10843647B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040000892A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-01 | Koo Jae-Seung | Method for determining a maximum charge current and a maximum discharge current of a battery |
DE102008048510A1 (de) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-03-25 | Trw Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Antriebaggregats |
CN102341722A (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2012-02-01 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 确定用于识别车载电网稳定性的特征量的方法和设备 |
CN103182997A (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-03 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 线路单元、电压电路及其制造方法、限制电流变化的方法 |
CN105034991A (zh) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-11-11 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 车载电网和用于运行车载电网的方法 |
DE102014223971A1 (de) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Mehr-Energiespeicher-System für Kraftfahrzeugbordnetze |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113787941A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-14 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | 一种基于电流积分窗的座椅极限位置校准方法 |
CN113787941B (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-07-22 | 航宇救生装备有限公司 | 一种基于电流积分窗的座椅极限位置校准方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190389410A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
FR3065298A1 (fr) | 2018-10-19 |
US10843647B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
FR3065298B1 (fr) | 2019-04-12 |
WO2018193183A1 (fr) | 2018-10-25 |
CN110505974B (zh) | 2023-06-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106985683B (zh) | 用于减轻电气化车辆电池中的锂镀覆的充电策略 | |
DE102015109497B4 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Lithium-Ionen-Batterie, sowie Fahrzeug | |
DE102015221177B4 (de) | System und Verfahren zum Laden eines Elektrofahrzeugs | |
DE102016102507B4 (de) | Fahrzeug, Energiemanagementsystem und Verfahren für die Vorbereitung zum Fahrzeugbatterieaufladen für Leistungserzeugung nach der Fahrzeit | |
US8816530B2 (en) | System and method for managing electrical loads in a vehicle | |
US20140214268A1 (en) | Temperature compensated battery parameter estimation | |
CN108819731A (zh) | 充电率推定方法及车载的电池系统 | |
CN105277909B (zh) | 混合动力功率电池soc校准方法 | |
JP4705642B2 (ja) | 複数の並列接続されたゼネレータを備えている給電装置 | |
US11065980B2 (en) | Method for controlling a DC-DC converter in a motor vehicle electrical system | |
DE112010002716T5 (de) | Obergrenzen-Ladungszustandsschätzeinrichtung undVerfahren zum Schätzen eines Obergrenzen-Ladungszustands | |
US20180358819A1 (en) | A method and system for balancing a battery pack | |
DE102016221665B4 (de) | System und verfahren zum steuern eines starts eines brennstoffzellenfahrzeugs | |
CN109823229A (zh) | 动力电池功率控制方法、装置、系统及车辆 | |
DE102019121331A1 (de) | Fahrzeugenergieverbrauch während des ladens | |
CN106154175B (zh) | 基于动态压差的充电电池荷电状态估算系统及工作流程 | |
CN110505974A (zh) | 机动车辆中的牵引电池组的电池电流极限和车载网络电流极限的确定方法 | |
CN108081994A (zh) | 供电管理方法及系统 | |
WO2018153431A1 (en) | A method and arrangement for balancing a battery pack | |
CN108688469A (zh) | 一种电动汽车的低压工作系统及其控制方法 | |
EP3853673A1 (en) | A method for estimating an operating parameter of a battery cell in a vehicle | |
CN106461729A (zh) | 用于管理多个能量储存组件的方法和系统 | |
CN113195291B (zh) | 用于控制能量存储系统的改进方法 | |
WO2003033308A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung der in einem bordnetz verfügbaren elektrischen leistung | |
US9493128B2 (en) | Method for operating an on-board power supply system of a motor vehicle |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20221214 Address after: Regensburg, Germany Applicant after: WeiPai Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE GmbH Address before: Toulouse, France Applicant before: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE FRANCE Applicant before: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE GmbH |
|
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20230506 Address after: Regensburg, Germany Applicant after: WeiPai Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Regensburg, Germany Applicant before: WeiPai Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE GmbH |
|
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |