CN110501768A - A kind of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen - Google Patents
A kind of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/44—Grating systems; Zone plate systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1876—Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen, photon screen is equipped with the light passing aperture of ring-band shape distribution, and the position distribution by aperture meets:, whereinTo design focal length, m is the annulus serial number of light passing annulus, and P is humorous diffraction parameters (P is the integer greater than 1), and α is phase coding coefficient three times,For wave number, λ0For design wavelength, R is the radius of photon screen,WithIt is the position of n-th of aperture on m ring,.The invention proposes new multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen, 4 wave bands in visible-range so that photon screen can effectively work, so that single slice photon sieve realizes multispectral, big bandwidth achromatism imaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screens, belong to optical technical field.
Background technique
In the prior art, novel focal imaging optical element of the photon screen as a kind of diffraction principle based on light, existing
For being played an increasingly important role in optical system.It is based on traditional Fresnel zone plate, with a large amount of random distributions
The light transmission aperture not overlapped removes the light penetrating ring band for substituting zone plate and a kind of diffraction optical element (DOE) formed.However, light
Son sieve is used as a kind of typical DOE, has very strong dependence to wavelength, can only operate in the narrow unicast of the very bandwidth of design
It is long.When working in multiple wavelength either wide spectrum, serious color difference will be led to the problem of, photon screen is significantly limited and exists
Use in imaging system.Currently, by the phase coding plate three times that one piece of special designing is added before photon screen, or directly
It wavefront coded item will be introduced into conventional photonic sieve three times, it is achromatic to reach broadband by the position distribution for changing aperture
Purpose.Wavefront coded photon screen can realize achromatism imaging in 28nm bandwidth.But relative to limit of visible spectrum, 28nm
It is still one section of narrow bandwidth.Also, can only realize a wave band achromatism imaging, when work in multiple wave bands,
Biggish color difference can still be led to the problem of.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the invention is to provide a kind of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen, realizes multispectral, big bandwidth achromatism
Photon screen imaging, it is confocal that humorous diffraction realizes the different diffraction times of multiple wavelength, wavefront coding technology by regulate and control it is small
The spatial distribution in hole, while expanding the bandwidth of operation of multi-wavelength.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen, institute
The light passing aperture that photon screen is equipped with ring-band shape distribution is stated, the position distribution by aperture meets:Wherein f is design focal length, and m is light passing annulus
Annulus serial number, P is humorous diffraction parameters, and P is integer greater than 1, and α is phase coding coefficient three times,For wave number, λ 0 is
Design wavelength, R are the radius of photon screen, and xn and yn are the positions of n-th of aperture on m ring, n=1,2,3....
Conventional photonic sieves the distribution formula of n-th of aperture on (CPS) m ring are as follows:
The optical path difference of adjacent ring band is λ it can be seen from formula (1.1)0, therefore, humorous diffraction parameters P is introduced, so that photon screen
The optical path difference of adjacent ring band is P λ0.It can then derive that the distribution of n-th of aperture on humorous diffraction photon screen (HDPS) m ring is public
Formula are as follows:
It, can be by P λ in formula (1.2)0It regards an entirety as, enables P λ0=C (C is constant).
Then available multiple discrete wavelength are as follows:
Wherein, k is the diffraction time of corresponding wavelength λ.Meet the wavelength X of formula (1.3), also meets formula (1.2), i.e. adjacent ring
The optical path difference of band is considered design wavelength lambda0P times, be also considered k times of wavelength X.The kth grade of wavelength X is spread out
Penetrating light realizes focusing at design focal length f.The referred to as humorous diffracted wave of photon screen.
The face type formula of phase coding plate three times:
Wherein,Z is rise.When directional light is incident on the surface of phase coding plate three times, any point is in
The optical path difference of the heart can indicate are as follows:
Phase board three times can be removed now, the optical path difference that phase board three times is introduced into is directly placed into photon screen formula, again
The distribution for regulating and controlling aperture, derives the distribution formula of n-th of aperture on multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen (HDWFCPS) m ring
Are as follows:
Wherein, α is phase coding coefficient three times,For wave number, λ0For design wavelength, R is multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen
Radius size.
Due to the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
According to the characteristic that the wavefront coded characteristic for expanding depth of focus and humorous diffraction theory keep discrete wavelength confocal, it is small photon screen has been regulated and controled
The number in hole and the distribution of position propose novel multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen, so that photon screen can effectively work can
4 wave bands in light-exposed range demonstrate design theory so that single slice photon sieve realizes multispectral, big bandwidth achromatism imaging.
Achromatic thought proposed by the present invention, is not only applicable to photon screen, there is universal applicability for DOE.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the aperture distribution schematic diagram of CPS, HDPS, HDWFCPS in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is that conventional photonic sieves (CPS) harmonious diffraction photon screen (HDPS) at 4 harmonic waves in the embodiment of the present invention one
Emulate PSF and simulation imaging figure.
Fig. 3 is conventional photonic sieve and the MTF curve figure of humorous diffraction photon screen different wave length and humorous in the embodiment of the present invention one
Along the axis surface of intensity distribution under diffraction photon screen difference incident wavelength.
Fig. 4 be in the embodiment of the present invention one humorous diffraction photon screen (HDPS) in the emulation PSF of different incidence wave strong points and imitative
True image.
Fig. 5 is simulation imaging figure of the wavefront coded humorous diffraction photon screen at different wave length in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 6 be in the embodiment of the present invention one HDPS and HDWFCPS in the MTF curve figure of 4 different spectral regions.
Fig. 7 is the transmittance curve figure of optical system for testing figure and bandpass filter in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 8 is that CPS and HDPS test imaging results in 4 different spectrum (bandwidth 10nm) in the embodiment of the present invention one
Figure.
Fig. 9 is multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen imaging effect figure in the embodiment of the present invention one.
Figure 10 is multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen intermediate blurred picture and recovery after light mixing in the embodiment of the present invention one
Clear image afterwards.
Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of the wavefront coded humorous diffraction photon screen of the present invention.
Wherein: 1, tungsten halogen lamp;2, convex lens;3, optical filter;4, parallel light tube;5, broadband photon sieves;6, CCD;7, it shows
Device.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
Embodiment one: conventional photonic sieves the distribution formula of n-th of aperture on (CPS) m ring are as follows:
The optical path difference of adjacent ring band is λ it can be seen from formula (1.1)0, therefore, humorous diffraction parameters P is introduced, so that photon screen
The optical path difference of adjacent ring band is P λ0.It can then derive the distribution formula of n-th of aperture on humorous diffraction photon screen (HDPS) m ring
Are as follows:
It, can be by P λ in formula (1.2)0It regards an entirety as, enables P λ0=C (C is constant).
Then available multiple discrete wavelength are as follows:
Wherein, k is the diffraction time of corresponding wavelength λ.Meet the wavelength X of formula (1.3), also meets formula (1.2), i.e. adjacent ring
The optical path difference of band is considered design wavelength lambda0P times, be also considered k times of wavelength X.The kth grade of wavelength X is spread out
Penetrating light realizes focusing at design focal length f.The referred to as humorous diffracted wave of photon screen.
The design wavelength lambda of humorous diffraction photon screen0=700nm, P=5, f=500mm, D=50mm.It can by formula (1.3)
Know, we can obtain multiple discrete harmonic wave λ in visible-range:
Since traditional DOE has very strong dependence to design wavelength, so can only be in design Single wavelength (λ0=700nm) at shape
At the hot spot close to diffraction limit, spot size radius is 8.67 μm, close to diffraction limitHowever, by
There is sizable bias relative to design wavelength in other three wavelength, so foring at focal length f=500mm
One very big hot spot.On the contrary, humorous diffraction photon screen can form the hot spot close to diffraction limit at 4 harmonic waves.
The face type formula of phase coding plate three times:
Wherein,Z is rise.When directional light is incident on the surface of phase coding plate three times, any point is in
The optical path difference of the heart can indicate are as follows:
Phase board three times can be removed now, the optical path difference that phase board three times is introduced into is directly placed into photon screen formula, again
The distribution for regulating and controlling aperture, derives the distribution formula of n-th of aperture on multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen (HDWFCPS) m ring
Are as follows:
Wherein, α is phase coding coefficient three times,For wave number, λ 0 is design wavelength, and R is multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen
Radius size.
In order to which more detailed description devises bore D=50mm, focal length f=500mm according to formula (1.1), wave is designed
Long λ0The conventional photonic of=700nm sieves.The enlargement ratio for taking aperture is 1, and aperture contiguity is allowed to arrange.Conventional photonic sieve is shared
892 bright rings, the position radius of innermost ring are r1=0.84mm, annulus width w1=0.21mm, the small hole count of innermost ring are 26.
Position radius where most outer ring is r892=25mm, annulus width are w892=0.007mm, most outer ring aperture number are 22433
It is a.The circularly symmetric type of small pore size distribution of CPS, the aperture position coordinate in most outer ring x-axis and y-axis are respectively as follows: (25 mm, 0mm),
(- 25mm, 0mm), (0mm, 25mm), (0mm, -25mm), shown in structure such as Fig. 1 (a).
According to formula (1.2), devise with identical bore, focal length, design wavelength and the humorous diffraction photon screen for taking P=5.
Humorous diffraction photon screen shares 178 bright rings, and the position radius of innermost ring is r1=1.87mm, annulus width are w1=0.09 mm,
The small hole count of innermost ring is 126.Position radius where most outer ring is r178=24.97mm, annulus width are w178=
0.007mm, most outer ring aperture number are 22383.The circularly symmetric type of small pore size distribution of HDPS is small in most outer ring x-axis and y-axis
Hole site coordinate is respectively as follows: (24.97mm, 0mm), (- 24.97mm, 0mm), (0mm, 24.97 mm), (0mm, -24.97mm),
Shown in its structure such as Fig. 1 (b).
According to formula (1.6), we are devised with identical bore, focal length, and design wavelength simultaneously takes P=5, and position is mutually compiled three times
Code multispectral, the big bandwidth photon screen of factor alpha=30 π.Unlike CPS and HDPS, the small pore size distribution of HDWFCPS is by three times
The π of code coefficient α=30 is modulated, and the distribution of aperture is no longer circularly symmetric, but symmetrical about y=x.Most outer ring x-axis and y-axis
On aperture position coordinate be respectively as follows: (25.18mm, 0mm), (- 24.76mm, 0mm), (0mm, 25.18mm), (0mm ,-
24.76mm), shown in structure such as Fig. 1 (c) or shown in Figure 11.
Referring to fig. 2, for conventional photonic sieve emulation PSF of (CPS) the harmonious diffraction photon screen (HDPS) at 4 harmonic waves and
Simulation imaging.Wherein, the PSF of (a) conventional photonic sieve;(b) PSF of humorous diffraction photon screen, (c) conventional photonic sieve emulation at
Picture;(d) simulation imaging of humorous diffraction photon screen, incident wavelength λ=437.5,500,583.3 and 700nm.
As can be seen that since traditional DOE has very strong dependence to design wavelength, so can only be in design wavelength (λ0
=700nm) at form the hot spot close to diffraction limit, spot size radius is 8.67 μm, close to diffraction limitHowever, since other three wavelength relative to design wavelength have sizable bias, so
At focal length f=500mm, a very big hot spot is formd.It is connect on the contrary, humorous diffraction photon screen can be formed at 4 harmonic waves
The hot spot of nearly diffraction limit.By simulation imaging as can be seen that conventional photonic sieve can only be at design wavelength lambda=700nm at clear
Clear picture.The picture of other three wavelength is very fuzzy, is hardly visible any detailed information.On the contrary, 4 waves of humorous diffraction photon screen
Long picture is all very clear, and consistent resolution ratio is almost maintained at design wavelength with conventional photonic sieve.
It is shown in Figure 3, emulation PSF of (CPS) the harmonious diffraction photon screen (HDPS) at 4 harmonic waves is sieved for conventional photonic
With simulation imaging figure, wherein Fig. 3 (a) is the MTF curve figure of conventional photonic sieve and humorous diffraction photon screen different wave length, and Fig. 3 (b) is
Along the axis surface of intensity distribution, incident wavelength λ=437.5,500,583.3 and 700nm under humorous diffraction photon screen difference incident wavelength.
There was only design wavelength lambda for conventional photonic sieve it can be seen from Fig. 3 (a)0The MTF curve value of=700nm is very high, close to diffraction
The limit.The MTF curve of other three wavelength rapidly declines, and occur 0 value quickly with the increase of spatial frequency, this
Mean the loss of information.On the contrary, the MTF curve of humorous 4 wavelength of diffraction photon screen is all very high, and with the increasing of spatial frequency
Greatly, decline very slow, no zero must occur, and information is not lost.By Fig. 3 (b) it can be seen that the peak of this 4 curves
Value appears at the position apart from photon screen Z=500mm, and this also illustrates 4 humorous diffracted wave focuses having the same, realizes
It is confocal.
Referring to fig. 4, Fig. 4 is emulation PSF and simulation imaging figure of the humorous diffraction photon screen (HDPS) in different incidence wave strong points.
Fig. 4 (a) is that the PSF of humorous diffraction photon screen schemes, and Fig. 4 (b) is the simulation imaging figure of humorous diffraction photon screen.It can be seen by Fig. 4 (a)
Out, it is evident that since DOE has a very strong dependence to wavelength, the PSF of HDPS with incident wavelength deviate resonance wave length λ=
437.5,500,583.3 rapid disperse when with 700nm.HDPS is set forth in 4 different incident light spectrum range lambdas in Fig. 4 (b)
=429.5nm-444.5nm, λ=491nm-508nm, the simulation imaging of λ=572.3nm-594.3nm, λ=686nm-714nm.
As PSF reflection in Fig. 4 (a), when with incident wavelength deviation λ=437.5,500,583.3 and 700nm, image is fast
Speed is fuzzy.
It is simulation imaging figure of the wavefront coded humorous diffraction photon screen at different wave length referring to Fig. 5.(1a,2a,3a,4a):
For PSFs;(1b, 2b, 3b, 4b): intermediate blurred picture;(1c, 2c, 3c, 4c): the clear image after recovery.From Fig. 5 (1a),
Fig. 5 (2a), Fig. 5 (3a), Fig. 5 (4a), in as can be seen that 4 different wide spectrums in PSF be kept approximately constant, reduce
Susceptibility of multispectral, the big bandwidth photon screen to wavelength departure.This 4 wave-length coverages present the consistent boundary PSF, only exist
Edge wavelengths, PSF slightly deviate, and can be regarded as effective spectral bandwidth of HDWFCPS.Fig. 5 (1b), Fig. 5 (2b), Fig. 5
(3b), Fig. 5 (4b) give intermediate blurred picture.Using Fig. 5 (1a), Fig. 5 (2a), Fig. 5 (3a), PSF in Fig. 5 (4a) is right
Intermediate blurred picture deconvolutes, the image of recovery such as Fig. 5 (1c), Fig. 5 (2c), Fig. 5 (3c), shown in Fig. 5 (4c).Obviously,
All intermediate blurred pictures can clearly be restored, and have and HDPS has similar resolution ratio at humorous diffracted wave.
It is MTF curve figure of the HDPS and HDWFCPS in 4 different spectral regions, it is clear that HDPS only has referring to Fig. 6
MTF curve is very high at 4 harmonic waves (λ=437.5,500,583.3 and 700nm).When deviateing harmonic wave, MTF curve sharply under
Drop, or even there is 0 value, which results in the loss of spatial frequency information.On the contrary, the MTF curve of HDWFCPS is in spectral region
It is interior that there is high consistency, nearly all coincide together well, only when operation wavelength deviates harmonic wave largely, such as wave
The high frequency section of long λ=445.5,509,594.3 and 714nm, MTF curve are declined slightly.Since HDWFCPS is in incident spectrum
Interior MTF curve has high consistency, and does not occur zero from high frequency to low frequency, and information has been saved, this is also mentioned
Show, the intermediate blurred picture of HDWFCPS can be recovered to clearly image by filter function appropriate.
It is optical system for testing schematic diagram referring to Fig. 7 (a);The transmittance curve figure of Fig. 7 (b) bandpass filter, Fig. 7 (a) is by a left side
It turns right and is followed successively by 1. tungsten halogen lamps;2. convex lens;3. optical filter;4. parallel light tube;5. broadband photon sieves;6.CCD;7. display.
Light source used is can be with the tungsten halogen lamp of ejecting white light, model are as follows: THORLABS SLS301.One common plus lens quilt
It is placed on the front of light source, for concentrating energy.The position of resolution ratio target (USAF 1951) is located substantially at the coke of plus lens
At point.When acquiring PSF, resolution ratio target is taken away, aperture is put at identical position, this experiment is using one
D=10 μm of aperture.Filter supporter is placed between plus lens and resolution ratio target, for replacing different bandpass filters
Piece.4 bandpass filter models are as follows: THORLABS, FB440-10;THORLABS,FB5000- 10;THORLABS,FB580-
10;THORLABS,FB690-10.Shown in the transmittance curve of bandpass filter such as Fig. 7 (b).Use bore for D=55mm, it is burnt
Away from infinity target is obtained for the parallel light tube of f=550mm, it is radiated on photon screen.When placing photon screen, it should be noted that make photon
The whole surface of sieve is all fully irradiated.The last one Pixel size is that 4.54 μm of CCD camera is placed on use at focal length
(AVT Prosilica GX2750C) is ultimately imaged in collection.In order to avoid the influence of stray light as far as possible, this experiment is also in optical path
Surrounding added hood, and experiment is completed in the environment of darkroom.
Referring to Fig. 8, imaging results figure is tested in 4 different spectrum (bandwidth 10nm) from HDPS for CPS, by Fig. 8 (a)
As can be seen that being used as a typical DOE, CPS can only be using 690nm as center wavelength, and the bandwidth range of 10nm is interior at one
Fuzzy picture, remaining 3 wave band cannot be imaged completely.It can be seen from Fig. 8 (b) HDPS this 4 wave bands can be at
One fuzzy picture.
It is multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen imaging effect figure referring to Fig. 9, the wherein PSF of the different incident light spectrums of Fig. 9 (a);
The intermediate blurred picture of Fig. 9 (b) difference incident light spectrum;Clear image after Fig. 9 (c) recovery.Then it is surveyed again with same optical path
Tried multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen 4 different spectral region λ=435nm-445nm, λ=495nm-505nm, λ=
Imaging characteristic in 575nm-585nm, λ=685nm-695nm, imaging results are as shown in Figure 9.Fig. 9 (a) is different spectrum models
The PSF enclosed, PSF is L-shaped, and the PSF feature having the same of emulation.PSF direction character and multispectral, big bandwidth photon
The adjustment angle of sieve is related, and adjustment angle does not have an impact imaging results.Simultaneously, it was found that the PSF of 4 different spectral regions
High consistency is also maintained each other.This has also prompted us, can go to restore with the same point spread function all
Blurred picture.Fig. 9 (b) is intermediate blurred picture formed by different spectral regions, as expected, all intermediary image tools
There is Fuzzy Consistent, therefore clear image can be recovered to filter appropriate, obtains wide spectrum imaging.When in Fig. 9 (a)
PSF remove the blurred picture in restored map 9 (b), obtained the clear image of Fig. 9 (c).Going through optical resolution is about
35lp/mm, the resolution ratio than emulation are slightly declined.Fig. 9 (d) gives the MTF curve of PSF in Fig. 9 (a).MTF is PSF
Fourier transformation.As shown in Figure 10, the value of MTF is although relatively low, but 4 curves almost coincide together, and with
There is not 0 value in the increase of frequency, MTF curve, and information is not lost, and are completely preserved, and can be recovered to clearly
Picture.Fig. 9 (e) is the MTF curve after restoring, it can be seen that 4 different spectrum have high MTF curve, and are almost overlapped
Together.Stronger quantitatively evaluating evidence is further provided with the image quality evaluation mode of MTF curve.
This light is finally mixed into carry out imaging experiment.Optical path is essentially identical with Fig. 7, primary difference is that will filter
Mating plate bracket has changed optical filter disk into, can place 4 optical filters simultaneously.And it placed 2 blocks of cloudy surface glass, mist in the optical path
The position of surface glass is placed roughly at the focal length of plus lens.It is blended in for fully breaing up the light of 4 different-wavebands
Together.Photon screen surface is incident on by parallel light tube.Figure 10 (a) is formed intermediate blurred picture, and Figure 10 (b) is after restoring
Clear image.Going through optical resolution is about 45lp/mm.Close to resolution of diffraction 50.8lp/mm.
To sum up, wavefront coded humorous diffraction photon screen can be in 4 different incident light spectrum range lambda=429.5nm-
444.5nm, λ=491nm-508nm, λ=572.3nm-594.3nm, λ=686nm-714nm realize achromatism imaging.Humorous diffraction
The bandwidth of operation of photon screen can be extended to nearly 84 nanometers.Effective bandwidth of operation of existing wavefront coded photon screen is
28nm.Meanwhile existing wavefront coded photon screen can only realize wave band (632.8 ± 14nm) achromatism imaging, can not achieve
Achromatism imaging, wavefront coded humorous diffraction photon screen proposed by the present invention may be implemented multiple wave bands while disappearing multiple wave bands simultaneously
(437.5 ± 8nm, 500 ± 9nm, 583.3 ± 11nm, 700 ± 14nm) is imaged in color difference.As P=1, wave proposed by the present invention
The preceding humorous diffraction photon screen of coding is equal to wavefront coded photon screen.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen, which is characterized in that photon screen is equipped with the light passing aperture of ring-band shape distribution, institute
The position distribution for stating light passing aperture meets:
, whereinTo design focal length, m is logical
The annulus serial number of ring of light band, P is humorous diffraction parameters and P is the integer greater than 1, and α is phase coding coefficient three times,For
Wave number, λ0For design wavelength, R is the radius of multispectral, big bandwidth photon screen,WithIt is n-th of aperture on m ring
Position,。
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Application publication date: 20191126 |