CN110501035A - 感测器及感测器的自动校正方法 - Google Patents

感测器及感测器的自动校正方法 Download PDF

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CN110501035A
CN110501035A CN201810480120.4A CN201810480120A CN110501035A CN 110501035 A CN110501035 A CN 110501035A CN 201810480120 A CN201810480120 A CN 201810480120A CN 110501035 A CN110501035 A CN 110501035A
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王主力
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种感测器及感测器的自动校正方法，其中，感测器的自动校正方法包含下列步骤：(A1)设定预设触发值；(A2)取样信号并累积信号值以进行信号判断；(A3)确认是否达到触发条件；(A4)若是，则记录达到触发条件的累积信号值，若否，则回到步骤(A2)；以及(A5)分析并更新预设触发值。

Description

感测器及感测器的自动校正方法
技术领域
本发明关于一种感测器及感测器的自动校正方法，具体来说，特别是一种人体移动感测器及感测器的自动校正方法。
背景技术
近年来，由于节能减碳的环保意识抬头，针对居家或公共空间当下的环境状况或特定条件来自动控制特定区域内设备的运作，例如自动照明、门禁开关等，即成为智慧节能的重要发展趋势。
一般来说，前述设备会内建或连接有物体移动感测器，在装设前必需手动调整各项设定，例如亮度、感应距离、时间等参数。然而，并非所有的使用者都能清楚了解如何进行设定。再者，就算手动调整后，也未必能完全符合使用者需求。此外，一旦设备安装完成后，欲进行调整作业也较为麻烦。
发明内容
鉴于此，本发明的一目的在于提供一种感测器的自动校正方法，尤指一种人体感测器的自动校正方法，通过本发明的设计流程，使感测器具有自我学习的功能。据此，能有效地省去耗时且繁复的手动调整作业。
自动校正方法包含下列步骤：(A1)设定预设触发值；(A2)取样信号并累积信号值以进行信号判断；(A3)确认是否达到触发条件；(A4)若是，则记录达到触发条件的累积信号值，若否，则直接回到步骤(A2)；以及(A5)分析并更新该预设触发值。
于一实施例中，步骤(A1)进一步包含下列步骤：(A1-1)取样该感测器的基准电压，该基准电压包含该环境因素噪声；(A1-2)依据该基准电压，在一定时间Δt内设定感测信号的初始值；以及(A1-3)依据该基准电压，取得初始触发值。
于一实施例中，步骤(A5)进一步包含下列步骤：(A5-1)取得该信号记录感测值的平均值；(A5-2)删除最远离该平均值的数笔数据；以及(A5-3)取得该数笔数据的平均值用以更新该预设触发值。
于一实施例中，若判断该步骤(A3)为否，则进行下列步骤：(A3-1)判断是否达到一预设时间；若是，则进行步骤(A5)，若否，则重新回到步骤(A2)。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种感测器，其内建有上述的自动校正方法。感测器包含底部、感测单元、中盖、透镜、遮片及外盖。底部一侧具有连接端部及与其连接的进线口。感测单元与连接端部电连接。中盖设置于感测单元相反于底部的一侧。透镜设置于中盖相反于底部的一侧并覆盖于感测单元。遮片包覆于透镜并露出部分透镜。外盖设置于遮片相反于底部的一侧。
其中，感测单元内建前述的自动校正方法。
本发明的附加特征及优点将于随后的描述中加以说明使其更为明显，或者可经由本发明的实践而得知。本发明的其他目的及优点将可从本案说明书与其的申请专利范围以及附加附图中所述结构而获得实现与达成。
附图说明
图1A及图1B为本发明感测器的一实施例爆炸图及立体图。
图2为本发明自动校正方法的一实施例流程图。
图3A为基于图2实施例的一实施例流程图。
图3B～图3D为图3A的实施例示意图。
主要元件符号说明：
1感测器 11底部
12连接端部 13进线口
14感测单元 15中盖
16透镜 17遮片
18外盖
具体实施方式
以下将以附图配合文字叙述公开本发明的多个实施方式，为明确说明起见，许多实务上的细节将在以下叙述中一并说明。然而，应了解到，这些实务上的细节不应用以限制本发明。此外，为简化图式起见，一些已知的结构与元件在图式中将以简单示意的方式绘出。
本发明为一种感测器的自动校正方法，较佳适用于人体移动感测器，例如焦电型红外线感测器(Pyroelectric Infrared Radiation Detector,PIR)，但不以此为限。在其他实施例中，也可应用于其他类似的感测器，只要是利用物体移动侦测进一步控制设备的用途，皆可导入本发明中。
请参阅图1A及图1B，为一种感测器1，本实施例以焦电型红外线感测器(Pyroelectric Infrared Radiation Detector,PIR)为例，但不限于此。感测器1具有底部11、连接端部12、进线口13、感测单元14、中盖15、透镜16、遮片17及外盖18。连接端部12及进线口13设置于底部11上，可提供与其他被控设备(例如照明设备、门禁开关、监控设备及电器自动控制系统等)电连接。感测单元14为焦电型红外线感测器，与连接端部12电连接。中盖15设置于感测单元14相反于底部11的一侧。透镜16设置于中盖15相反于底部11的一侧并覆盖于感测单元14上，主要用以聚焦感测光线，以及划分感测区域(例如划分为明区、暗区)。遮片17设置于透镜16相反于底部11的一侧并包覆于透镜16之上，此外，为用以聚焦感测光线，透镜16有部分区域未被遮片17遮蔽。遮片17上具有多个折线供使用者自行折断，使用者可依据不同感测范围的需求折断部分遮片17。外盖18设置于遮片17相反于底部11的一侧。本技术领域的通常知识者应可了解其组成及原理。
本发明的自动校正方法，请参阅图2及图3A的实施例流程图。本实施例的流程及其定义的方程式/演算法，可以软件或硬件的方式写入至上述感测单元14(例如与其连接的控制电路板(图未示出)上的运算单元)中，用以控制被控设备。
自动校正方法较佳包含下列步骤：(A1)设定预设触发值；(A2)取样信号并累积信号值以进行信号判断；(A3)确认是否达到触发条件；(A4)若是，则记录达到触发条件的累积信号值，若否，则回到步骤(A2)；(A5)分析并更新该预设触发值。
步骤(A1)设定预设触发值，此步骤较佳执行于感测器1处于暖机的状态下。详细来说，当感测器1被开通，即感测单元14通电且功能(例如I/O输入输出)稳定之后，执行步骤(A1-1)取样感测单元的基准电压V1。接着执行步骤(A1-2)依据基准电压V1与电路设计在一定时间内(Δt，本实施例以100～250ms为例，但不以此为限)设定感测器在暖机状态下取得的初始环境感测信号值S1。具体而言，S1可定义为下列关系式：
S1＝∫∣(V-V1)∣dt，
其中V为在Δt时间内所取得的感测单元的单点电压。
须说明的是，基准电压包含有环境因素。主要为了适应操作环境及安装方式。然而，其数值会因不同的操作环境及安装方式而有所不同。安装方式大致可分为入墙式(in-wall)、壁挂式(wall-mount)及吸顶式(ceiling)，但不以此为限。
继续执行步骤(A1-3)依据基准电压V1，取得初始触发值S2。其关系式如下：S2＝S1+Sdef，其中Sdef为预设的触发经验值。Sdef依不同设备会有不同的经验数值。在此暖机状态下，通过上述流程而定义出预设触发值Swin＝S2。在此实施例中，预设触发值可视为感测器1的最高感度。
在暖机完成后，即开始执行人体移动侦测及自我学习的阶段。执行步骤(A2)取样信号并累积信号值以进行信号判断。例如，每隔一段时间进行取样。举例来说，每隔Δt时间(例如每隔100～250ms等)取样n(例如n＝150)点，关系式如下：St＝∫∣(V-V1)∣dt，其中V为在Δt时间内取得的感测单元的单点电压，如图3B所示。
信号取样完成后，执行步骤(A3)确认是否达到触发条件，如达到触发条件则进行步骤(A4)记录达到触发条件的累积信号值：
St＝∫∣(V-V1)∣dt≥V1·t。如图3C所示，当信号超过预设触发值(Swin)时即判定为触发，系统依上述演算法进行运算。需说明的是，为避免将未触发(即介于Swin与V1·n之间的区域)的数据纳入计算，在计算时需限制条件，即≥V1·n。
详细来说，记录达到触发条件的信号值为取得累积的信号感测值，例如，总共取样P个位置(例如取样3个位置、5个位置、10个位置等)，则累积的信号值为
承上，继续执行步骤(A5)分析并更新该预设触发值。具体来说，为在一定时间内成功触发N1次(以10次为例，但不以此为限)，在实际情况下，可视为感测器在一定时间内侦测到物体在感测范围内触发N1次。
详细过程如下，执行步骤(A5-1)取得该信号记录感测值的平均值。例如，在Tm1时间内有N1次触发，则计算其总和并取得平均值，在此定义为
进行步骤(A5-2)删除相对远离该平均值的数笔数据。主要针对感测距离做分析与修正。举例来说，从中删除K1笔相对远离平均值Savg的数据，剩下M1笔数据。其目的在于，过滤掉感测器在感测时所得到相对远的距离数值，用以降低误判率。并且，每次过滤数据都须重新计算Savg，亦即，数据每次过滤K1笔，剩下M1笔数据，如此持续循环过滤，最后剩下的M1笔数据小于等于Kmin笔时，即可得到修正距离后的感测值Sadj，其中Kmin为数据过滤后所剩下的最少笔数据。其关系式定义如下：
前述步骤(A5-2)删除相对选择该平均值的数笔数据，请一并参考图3D，举例而言，目前感测到有20笔数据储存到阵列S，S中包含(S1～S20)，过滤(删除)K1＝6笔数据后剩下M1＝20-K1笔数据，即M1＝14笔最靠近平均值的数据。持续过滤6笔(14→8→2)直至M1＝2笔(即K1≥Kmin＝2)最靠近平均值的数据(以S3及S8为例)。此外，假设系统目前感测到另一数据数值S21相对S3更靠近Savg时，系统会自动将S3数据排除并将S21纳入，此时Savg也会对应变动，例如变为Savg2。依此，即可得到最即时且最靠近的Kmin笔数据。
通过上述关系式，进行步骤(A5-3)更新预设触发值。更新后的触发值定义为Swin＝Sadj。
须说明的是，在步骤(A3)中，如判断未达到触发条件，则继续判断是否持续达到预设时间仍未触发(即，步骤A3-1)。如是，则进行步骤(A5)；若否，则回到步骤(A2)。
本发明的另一实施例，在实际情况下，为感测器1在安装完成后使用者即离开，亦即，感测器1可能无法在上述Tm1时间内达到N1次触发。然而，即便使用者离开，感测器1仍必需保有其功用。因此，感测单元14会以最高感度持续运作并进行以下流程。
若判断达到触发条件，则如同前述实施例，进行步骤(A5-1)取得该信号记录感测值的平均值。由于此情况为Tm1时间内触发次数小于N1次，在此实施例以N2为例(即N2<N1)。因此，关系式定义为
接着进行步骤(A5-2)删除相对远离该平均值的数笔数据。主要针对感测距离做分析与修正。举例来说，从中过滤相对远离平均值Savg的K2笔数据，而后剩下M2笔数据。其目的在于，过滤掉感测器在感测时所得到相对远的距离数值，用以降低误判率。数据每次过滤K2笔，剩下M2笔数据，如此持续循环过滤，最后剩下的M2笔数据小于等于Kmin笔时，即可得到修正距离后的感测值Sadj，其中Kmin为数据过滤后所剩下的最少笔数据。其关系式定义如下：
前述步骤(A5-2)删除相对远离该平均值的数笔数据，也请参考图3D，其细节不在此赘述。
通过上述关系式，进行步骤(A5-3)取得该数笔数据的平均值用以更新该预设触发值。类似地，更新后的触发值定义为Swin＝Sadj。
相较于现有技术，本发明的感测器的自动校正方法，能使感测器具有自我学习的功能，持续进行自我校正，能有效地省去耗时且繁复的手动调整作业。

Claims (5)

1.一种感测器的自动校正方法，其特征在于，包含下列步骤：
(A1)设定预设触发值，该预设触发值包含环境因素噪声；
(A2)取样信号并累积信号值以进行信号判断；
(A3)确认是否达到触发条件；
(A4)若是，则记录达到触发条件的累积信号值，若否，则回到步骤(A2)；以及
(A5)分析并更新该预设触发值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的感测器的自动校正方法，其特征在于，该步骤(A1)进一步包含下列步骤：
(A1-1)取样该感测器的基准电压，该基准电压包含该环境因素噪声；
(A1-2)依据该基准电压，在一定时间Δt内设定感测信号的初始值；以及
(A1-3)依据该基准电压，取得初始触发值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的感测器的自动校正方法，其特征在于，该步骤(A5)进一步包含下列步骤：
(A5-1)取得该信号记录感测值的平均值；
(A5-2)删除最远离该平均值的数笔数据；以及
(A5-3)取得该数笔数据的平均值用以更新该预设触发值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的感测器的自动校正方法，其特征在于，若判断该步骤(A3)为否，则进行下列步骤：
(A3-1)判断是否达到一预设时间；若是，则进行步骤(A5)，若否，则重新回到步骤(A2)。
5.一种感测器，其特征在于，包含：
一底部，其一侧上具有一连接端部及与其连接的一进线口；
一感测单元，与该连接端部电连接；
一中盖，设置于该感测单元相反于该底部的一侧；
一透镜，设置于该中盖相反于该底部的一侧并覆盖于该感测单元；
一遮片，包覆于该透镜并露出部分该透镜；以及
一外盖，设置于该遮片相反于该底部的一侧，
其中，该感测单元内建权利要求1至4任一所述的自动校正方法。
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