CN110496109A - 舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型 - Google Patents
舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110496109A CN110496109A CN201910925174.1A CN201910925174A CN110496109A CN 110496109 A CN110496109 A CN 110496109A CN 201910925174 A CN201910925174 A CN 201910925174A CN 110496109 A CN110496109 A CN 110496109A
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- hard capsule
- vitamin
- sublingual
- water
- soluble
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种舌下快速吸收的水溶性硬胶囊剂型,所述的水溶性硬胶囊中装填有水溶性组合物,所述的水溶性硬胶囊内装填的组合物完全去除了辅料。所述的组合物由第一组成和第二组成组成,所述的第一组成为至少一种食用酸,所述的第二组成为水溶性药物、补充药物或水溶性营养素的一种或多种,所述的组合物经半自动装填机装填至硬胶囊中。本发明提供的舌下吸收胶囊与传统的舌下片剂相比,完全去除了辅料,生产工艺简单,溶出速度快,吸收率高,隔氧性优异,特别适用于易在空气中氧化分解的成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂技术领域,具体是指一种舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型。
背景技术
补充药物中诸如维生素等补充剂具有悠久的口服给药史,它们可以以胶囊和片剂等形式存在。然而,常用的补充剂口服给药途径中存在几个问题,通常,防止活性成分在胃的酸性环境中分解的肠溶包衣不能如预期那样溶解,导致片剂或胶囊较完整地通过消化系统。此外,片剂普遍使用的辅料如赋形剂等非活性物质作为活性成分的载体和稀释剂,这些非活性的辅料也会对药物的吸收产生不利的影响。
近年来,已经有许多实验和临床数据显示许多辅料与制剂中的其他成分反应,并在患者中引起不适和超敏反应。此外,生物利用度受多种因素的影响,包括胃排空多长时间、胃的酸度以及药物通过消化道的速度。高纤维食物和钙补充剂可能与药物结合并防止其被吸收。肝脏的首过效应导致大部分药物不能离开肝脏,因此不能进入血液循环,在诸如利多卡因的药物的情况下,仅30-35%的摄入剂量是生物可利用的。
因此,本专利提出了一种用于舌下使用的水溶性胶囊系统,以取代口服给药所面临的许多问题。
吸收是指药物从其给药部位转移到血流中。当口服吞下片剂或胶囊时,它必须在被吸收之前溶解。片剂或胶囊的溶解过程称为溶解。制造过程和药物的水溶性影响溶解速度,水溶性药物更容易溶解于胃肠道,而脂溶性药物的溶解则要慢很多。粒径较小的药物更容易进入溶液。添加到配方中的辅料及其它惰性成份也会影响到它们的溶解。制造商必须避免生产过分压实紧密的片剂,这些片剂通过胃肠道时不易溶解。
过早溶解的片剂也会有问题,它们的味道很差且难以吞咽。可以使用特殊配方或片剂包衣来延迟溶解,从而保护药物免受胃酸的影响,同时可以允许药物逐渐释放以有意地延长吸收过程。这些被称为延迟释放或持续性释放制剂。
一旦发生溶解,药物分子必须穿过衬在胃肠道的选择性渗透细胞膜以到达血液循环。根据其化学和物理特性,药物通过被动扩散或主动传输来吸收。当在膜的一侧存在高浓度的药物而在另一侧存在低浓度时,被动扩散发生。从膜的一侧到另一侧的这种差异称为浓度梯度。物质有从较高浓度区域转移到较低浓度梯度的下降方向移动的趋势。药物分子透过膜或上皮细胞之间的孔隙移动。
对于小分子药物溶液,其扩散效率较高。这种移动完全由分子内的动能驱动,并持续到浓度达到平衡。达到平衡时,物质的浓度在膜的两侧大致相等。被动扩散不涉及载体分子并且该过程不是可饱和过程。可饱和过程仅限于该过程的某些方面的活动率。绝大多数药物通过扩散进入血流,脂溶性的药物通常较易穿过大多数生物膜。那些高水溶性的药物通过液相通道穿过细胞膜。
另一些与天然存在的化合物非常相似的药物通过载体介导传输被吸收,该传输又称为主动传输。主动传输过程需要利用天然“泵”机机制将载体蛋白附着于药物分子并携带其穿过膜,这种吸收方法受载体蛋白质的可利用性限制,因此是饱和的。载体介导的传输需要能量,并且可以使药物分子逆着浓度梯度移动。
胃中的酸性环境或食物的存在,药物的溶解性和其他化学性质,以及最初暴露于肝脏代谢过程的影响都可能减少口服药物给药后到达全身循环的药物量,从而降低了药物的生物利用度。当药物通过胃肠道吸收时,它必须在进入体循环之前穿过肝脏,如果药物经肝脏代谢,则到达体循环的药物量减少。一些药物,例如普萘洛尔(propranolol)或依那普利(enalapril),在单次通过肝脏期间经历显著的代谢,称为首过效应。当药物对首过效应高度敏感时,引起反应所需的口服剂量将显著高于用于引起相同反应的静脉内注射的剂量。
舌下给药是通过该区域内的大量血液和淋巴管来输送药物分子。当使用舌下给药时,药物直接进入体循环,从而避免肝脏首过效应,全身前肠道壁代谢或胃肠道分解的影响。因此,舌下给药的药物的生物利用度通常远高于口服给药的药物。
此外,由于药物被立即吸收到血液循环中,因此药物生效所需的时间要少得多(通常在几分钟内)。本专利提出了舌下给药作为口服给药的替代方案,具有更高的生物利用度和更快的吸收时间。
硬胶囊非常适合用于舌下用药的载体,因为它们能够由多种不同的材料制成,从而允许灵活的生产以及给予消费者更多的选择。此外,硬胶囊为药物提供隔氧屏障,防止胶囊内所含药物的氧化分解,确保药物长期储存的有效性。硬胶囊可以制成各种尺寸,从1.37ml(尺寸000)到0.21ml(尺寸4)容量,允许装药剂量的灵活性,并且确保产品具有最小的体积,不仅更容易口服摄入,而且还有利于紧凑的包装和运输。
本专利使用硬胶囊作为药物的载体剂型。硬胶囊与软胶囊的区别在于它们的两节式结构,可以将它们拆开并简单地放在一起。硬胶囊通常由明胶(其由动物皮肤或骨的胶原制成)或羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)(来自植物衍生材料),或普鲁兰(Pullulan)(一种由支链的木薯淀粉制备的多糖聚合物)组成。
HPMC素食胶囊来自植物纤维素,它们不含防腐剂、明胶、小麦、麸质及动物副产品,并且由松树或杨树的纯纤维素制成。胶囊壳具有显著较低的水分含量(4.0-6.0%),当暴露于较高湿度环境时仍能保持适当的物理性质,并为对水分不稳定的化合物提供合适的容器。
普鲁兰多糖是一种通过简单的发酵程序制成的线性水溶性多糖,主要含有由α-1,6糖苷单元连接的麦芽三糖单元,与其他胶囊壳材料相比,普鲁兰胶囊具有非常低的透氧性。适用于装填对氧化敏感的药物成分,并保护胶囊内组份免受空气氧化,减少对抗氧化剂的需求。它们也非常稳定,具有低交联潜力,不易与胶囊内组份发生反,其优异的氧气阻隔性能有助于确保产品的长保质期。
现有的几种舌下给药的药物配方实例:
专利WO2010118516A1描述了硝酸甘油作为潜在药物的用途,其具有舌下给药的性能。
专利WO2003090711A1讨论了舌下给药的双氢麦角胺,以及其比口服给药更有效地对抗偏头痛的性能。
上述二项专利均未使用硬胶囊作为给药载体剂型。
谷胱甘肽是一种三肽L-谷胱甘肽(GSH)(γ-谷氨酰-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸),是一种主要的细胞内抗氧化剂,能够防止活性氧物质如自由基、过氧化物、脂质过氧化物和重金属的细胞损伤。当被氧化时,它形成二聚体(GSSG),其可以在具有谷胱甘肽还原酶的器官中再循环。由于这些特性,谷胱甘肽被许多消费者视为有吸引力的补充药品。
然而,谷胱甘肽是消化道的蛋白酶(肽酶)的底物,并且由于在细胞膜水平上不存在特定的谷胱甘肽载体蛋白,口服的谷胱甘肽的生物利用度差,因此,为了增加通过粘膜,特别是舌下血管和淋巴管“有效吸收”的谷胱甘肽水平,本专利提供了一种有效和创新地补充谷胱甘肽的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的缺失,提供一种储存稳定、舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种舌下快速吸收的水溶性硬胶囊剂型,所述的硬胶囊中装填有水溶性组合物,所述的组合物由第一组成和第二组成组成,所述的第一组成为至少一种食用酸,所述的第二组成为至少一种水溶性药物和/或至少一种水溶性营养素,所述的水溶性硬胶囊内装填的组合物完全去除了辅料,所述的组合物经半自动装填机装填至硬胶囊中,使得所述的组合物在装填后形成稳定的舌下吸收剂型。
舌下吸收胶囊与传统的舌下片剂相比,生产工艺简单,溶出速度快,吸收率高,特别适用于易在空气中氧化分解的药物成分。
在一个实施方案中,所述的第二组分为:
(1)谷胱甘肽和硒代甲硫氨酸;
(2)乙酰半胱氨酸或半胱氨酸盐酸盐一水合物中的一种或两种、以及硒代甲硫氨酸;
(3)烟酰胺核糖核苷(NR)、烟酰胺核苷氯化物(NRC)、烟酰胺核苷酰氯(NRC)、烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)或水溶性维生素的一种或多种。
较佳地,所述的水溶性维生素为水溶性营养素的一种,水溶性维生素包括但不限于:维生素C(抗坏血酸),维生素B1(硫胺素HCL),维生素B2(核黄素),维生素B3(烟酸),维生素B3(烟酰胺),维生素B5(泛酸,维生素B6(吡哆醇),维生素B7(生物素),维生素B9(叶酸)或维生素B12(氰钴胺),在各自的安全剂量下组合。
较佳地,所述的至少一种食用酸包括但不限于:柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、乳酸或抗坏血酸。
较佳地,所述的第一组成和第二组成的重量比为1:1~1:8,优选1:2~1:7,最优选1:3~1:6。其中,硒代甲硫氨酸的含量不应超过建议的最大安全剂量。
较佳地,硬胶囊采用两节式硬胶囊,作为药物储存单元和舌下给药载体。所述的硬胶囊为植物胶囊,优选地,所述的硬胶囊为普鲁兰胶囊。
具体实施方式
为更好的理解本发明的内容,下面结合具体实施例作进一步说明。本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
术语“组合物”是指水溶性成分的混合物,“水溶性成分”,“药物”,“营养素”均为配方中的功效成分。“辅料”是指生产药品时所用的非活性物质如赋形剂和附加剂,包括润滑剂、填充剂、成型剂、甜味剂、着色剂等。配方中当涉及多个整数或元件使用时,术语“包括”意味着包括但不限于所述的整数或元件。术语“由......组成”表示包括所列举的整数或元素(以及其中存在的正常杂质,这些附加的整数或元素不会对本发明的基本和新颖性质产生实质性影响)。
以“重量比”表示的量表示混合物中的物质或胶囊中的组合物的质量分数。除非内容另有明确规定,否则单数形式“一”,“一个”和“该”包括复数形式。因此,例如,提及含有“化合物”的组合物包括两种或更多种化合物的混合物。还应注意,术语“或”通常以其“和/或”的含义使用,除非内容另有明确说明。
本发明涉及一种舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
称量至少一种水溶性酸,包括但不限于:柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、乳酸和抗坏血酸,并置于由高密度聚丙烯或奥氏体304或316L不锈钢制成的混合罐中;或置于配备带有轴和由相同不锈钢材料构成的叶片的搅拌器中,其余成分可以连续添加,允许20分钟至100分钟的总混合时间,混合后立即通过自动胶囊灌装机或半自动胶囊灌装机进行胶囊装填。对于每个成分重量为500毫克至800毫克的硬胶囊,优选胶囊尺寸为00(号)或000(号)。
所用的硬胶囊主要是植物/HPMC,优选Pullulan,一种由木薯淀粉制备的多糖聚合物。优选的给药方式是将两节式硬胶囊分开并将组合物粉末直接倒在舌下;在普鲁兰胶囊的情况下,还可以选择将胶囊置于舌下溶解。整个舌下溶解吸收应在15分钟内完成。
实施例1:
称重并放置至少一种水溶性酸3500克,包括但不限于:柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、乳酸和抗坏血酸,在由高密度聚丙烯或奥氏体304或316L不锈钢制成的混合罐中;或置于配备带有轴和由相同不锈钢材料构成的叶片的搅拌器中。
在旋转不锈钢混合罐中,加入硒代甲硫氨酸600毫克,谷胱甘肽1500克,总混合时间为20分钟至100分钟。混合后立即用Profiller 1100半自动胶囊装填机和普鲁兰胶囊进行胶囊装填,获得了约10000个硬胶囊。
实施例2:
称重并放置至少一种水溶性酸3500克,包括但不限于:柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、乳酸和抗坏血酸,在由高密度聚丙烯或奥氏体304或316L不锈钢制成的旋转式混合容罐中;或者在配备带有轴和由304或316L不锈钢构成的叶片的搅拌器中,加入硒代甲硫氨酸600毫克,以及至少一种乙酰半胱氨酸或半胱氨酸盐酸盐一水合物2500克,允许20分钟至100分钟总混合时间。混合后立即通过Profiller 1100半自动胶囊装填机和普鲁兰胶囊进行胶囊装填,获得了约10000个硬胶囊。
实施例3:
称量并放置至少一种水溶性酸3500克,包括但不限于:柠檬酸,酒石酸,苹果酸,乙酸,乳酸和抗坏血酸,由高密度聚丙烯或奥氏体304或316L不锈钢制成的混合罐中;或置于配备带有轴和由相同不锈钢材料构成的叶片的搅拌器中,添加至少一种水溶性成分,包括但不限于:烟酰胺核糖苷2000克,烟酰胺核苷氯化物2000克,烟酰胺单核苷酸1500克,硫胺素(维生素B1)6克,核黄素(维生素B2)6克,烟酸(维生素B3)100克,烟酰胺(维生素B1)80克,泛酸(维生素B5)25克,吡哆醇(维生素B6)6克,生物素(维生素B7)100毫克,叶酸(维生素B9)4克,氰钴胺素(维生素B12)20毫克,总混合20分钟至100分钟。混合后立即通过Profiller1100半自动胶囊装填机和普鲁兰胶囊进行胶囊装填,获得了约10000个硬胶囊。
表1.在37℃静水浴中的崩解试验。
样品1 | 样品2 | 样品3 | 样品4 | |
崩解时间(分钟) | <15 | <15 | >20 | >25 |
其中,样品1:取自实施例1的普鲁兰胶囊;样品2:取自实施例2的普鲁兰胶囊;样品3:500毫克糖乳舌下片剂;样品4:500毫克16毫米椭圆形蜂胶软胶囊。
表1.37℃静水浴中的崩解试验表明样品1和样品2中的普鲁兰舌下胶囊剂型具有比样品3舌下片剂和样品4软明胶胶囊更短的崩解时间。
表2.舌下崩解吸收试验。
样品1 | 样品2 | 样品3 | 样品4 | |
开始崩解/完全溶解时间(分钟) | 2/10 | 2/12 | 5/21 | 9/32 |
表2.舌下崩解试验与表1.37℃静水浴中的崩解试验结果完全一致,样品1和样品2中的普鲁兰胶囊舌下剂型在人类舌下具有比样品3舌下片剂和样品4软明胶胶囊更快的开始崩解和完全溶解时间。
本发明提供的用于舌下快速吸收的水溶性硬胶囊剂型中,水溶性硬胶囊内装填的组合物完全去除了辅料(例如:赋型剂,通常由微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁等不溶性化合物组成),吸收率远远高于以往的舌下片剂。
为了去除这些辅料,本发明采用特定型号的半自动手工胶囊机及精选的各种水溶性活性组份,完全排除了传统片剂和胶囊制备时必不可少的各种辅料添加,可以经由舌下吸收,安全、高效、快速地进入血液循环,具有高吸收率、安全、快速、口腔中无残留不溶性物质等特点。
在此说明书中,本发明已参照其特定的实施例作了描述。但是,很显然仍可以作出各种修改和变换而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此,说明书应被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。
Claims (7)
1.一种舌下快速吸收的水溶性硬胶囊剂型,其特征在于,所述的水溶性硬胶囊中装填有水溶性组合物,所述的组合物由第一组成和第二组成组成,所述的第一组成为至少一种食用酸,所述的第二组成为至少一种水溶性药物和/或至少一种水溶性营养素,所述的组合物经半自动装填机装填至硬胶囊中,所述的水溶性硬胶囊内装填的组合物完全去除了辅料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型,其特征在于,所述的第二组成为:
(1)谷胱甘肽和硒代甲硫氨酸;
(2)乙酰半胱氨酸或半胱氨酸盐酸盐一水合物的一种或两种、以及硒代甲硫氨酸;或者
(3)烟酰胺核糖核苷、烟酰胺核苷氯化物、烟酰胺核苷酰氯、烟酰胺单核苷酸或水溶性维生素的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型,其特征在于:所述的水溶性维生素包括维生素C,维生素B1,维生素B2,维生素B3,维生素B3,维生素B5,维生素B6,维生素B7,维生素B9或维生素B12的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型,其特征在于:所述的至少一种食用酸选自柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乙酸、乳酸或抗坏血酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型,其特征在于:所述的第一组成和第二组成的重量比为1:1~1:8。
6.根据权利要求1所述的舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型,其特征在于:所述的硬胶囊为植物胶囊。
7.根据权利要求1所述的舌下快速吸收的硬胶囊剂型,其特征在于:所述的硬胶囊为普鲁兰胶囊。
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CN103535721A (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-29 | 美国东方生物技术(香港)有限公司 | 提高人体内谷胱甘肽浓度的组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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