CN110496098A - 一种促进褪黑素透皮吸收的促透剂 - Google Patents

一种促进褪黑素透皮吸收的促透剂 Download PDF

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CN110496098A
CN110496098A CN201910680297.3A CN201910680297A CN110496098A CN 110496098 A CN110496098 A CN 110496098A CN 201910680297 A CN201910680297 A CN 201910680297A CN 110496098 A CN110496098 A CN 110496098A
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曾建伟
李西海
陈旭征
谭春江
毛敬洁
张华�
李孝栋
朱晓勤
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种促进褪黑索(Melatonin)透皮吸收促进剂,具体涉及氮酮、薄荷脑和乳化剂OP以任意比例组成的促透剂,促透倍数在4~15倍之间,大幅提高了褪黑素的透皮吸收量,使之达到治疗浓度,发挥持续改善睡眠的作用。将本发明所涉及的促透剂应用于开发褪黑素的透皮制剂,则为解决现有褪黑素口服制剂带来的肝脏首过效应大、半衰期短、生物利用度低、药效维持时间短等问题提供了有效途径。

Description

一种促进褪黑素透皮吸收的促透剂
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种促进褪黑素透皮吸收的促透剂。
背景技术
褪黑素是由松果体分泌的一种内源性激素,具有调节生物钟、改善睡眠和延缓衰老等作用。褪黑素分泌水平与睡眠质量密切相关,随着年龄增加,褪黑素的分泌减少,故睡眠障碍在老年人中很常见。外源性褪黑素能提高睡眠质量,对失眠有治疗作用。目前市面上含褪黑素的药品或者保健品,主要以口服为主。口服褪黑素的肝脏首过效应大,半衰期短,生物利用度低、药效维持时间短。采用透皮给药方式可避免肝的首过效应和胃肠因素干扰,提供长时稳定有效的血药浓度,提高患者的依从性。透皮给药受皮肤角质层厚度、皮肤附属器密度以及药物理化性质等因素的影响,许多药物的皮肤渗透量很难达到有效治疗浓度,故寻找合适的透皮吸收促进剂(penetration enhancers, PE)是透皮给药制剂研究的关键。
发明内容
本发明旨在为褪黑素体外透皮制剂提供一种促透剂,通过对氮酮、薄荷脑、乳化剂OP的单用及联用筛选出对褪黑素体外透皮吸收效果明显的促透剂,为褪黑素的透皮给药制剂的研发提供有益参考。
一种促进褪黑素透皮吸收的促透剂,其特征在于它由氮酮、薄荷脑和乳化剂OP以任意比例组成。
如上所述的促透剂,其特征在于氮酮-薄荷脑-乳化剂OP之比为1∶0∶0或者0∶1∶0或者0∶0∶1。
如上所述的促透剂,其特征在于氮酮-薄荷脑-乳化剂OP之比为1~n∶1~n∶0或者1~n∶0∶1~n或者0∶1~n∶1~n或者1~n∶1~n∶1~n。
如上所述的促透剂,其特征在于当n=0,氮酮-薄荷脑-乳化剂OP较佳比例为1∶1∶0或者1∶0∶1或者0∶1∶1或者1∶1∶1。
有益效果
1. 当上述3种促透剂单独使用时,促透效果及其促透倍数依次为5%薄荷脑(促透倍数为8.59倍)> 5%氮酮(促透倍数为6.36倍)> 5%乳化剂OP(促透倍数为4.13倍)。
2. 当上述3种促透剂联合使用时,促透效果及其促透倍数依次为5%薄荷脑+5%乳化剂OP(促透倍数为15.3倍)> 5%氮酮+5%薄荷脑+5%乳化剂OP(促透倍数为5.75倍)>5%氮酮+5%薄荷脑(促透倍数为5.63倍)>5%氮酮+5%乳化剂OP(促透倍数为4.54倍)。
附图说明。
图1为3种促透剂单独使用的Q-t回归曲线。
图2为3种促透剂联合使用的Q-t回归曲线。
褪黑素大鼠体外透皮吸收实验方法
1. 仪器。
RYJ-6B药物透皮扩散仪(上海黄海药检仪器有限公司);Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪,包括G1311C四元泵,G7167B自动进样器,G1316A柱温箱,G1315D二极管阵列检测器;Milli-Q超纯水机(法国Millipore公司);MS1050u十万分之一电子天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司);DT-100数显游标卡尺(日本新泻精机株式会社)。
2. 色谱条件
Eclipe XDB C-18色谱柱(4.5 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(35:65),流速为1mL/min,紫外检测波长为222 nm,进样量10 μL,柱温为30 ℃。
3 溶液配制。
3.1对照品溶液的制备
精密称取褪黑素标准品4.35 mg,置于10 mL棕色容量瓶中,加甲醇溶解,并定容至刻度,即得浓度为435 μg/mL储备液。临用时,用蒸馏水稀释10倍,即得浓度为43.5 μg/mL的对照品溶液。
3.2供试品溶液的制备
精密称取褪黑素252.49 mg于50 mL棕色容量瓶中,先加适量蒸馏水,超声、加热至70℃使之完全溶解,冷却至室温。定容至刻度,得到质量浓度为5.05 mg/mL的褪黑素供给室溶液。取体外透皮实验各时间点的接收液,过0.45 μm微孔滤膜,取续滤液,即得供试品溶液。
4. 大鼠皮肤的制备
取4周龄的大鼠,脱颈处死,用8% Na2S脱毛剂脱毛后,剥离从腹部至背部一整圈的皮肤,除去皮下脂肪及筋膜,用生理盐水洗净,滤纸吸干,锡纸包裹,置-20℃冰箱冷冻备用。
5. 透皮吸收实验
采用改良Franz扩散池(透皮扩散面直径1.68 cm,接收室的体积为6.2 mL)。取备用鼠皮,解冻后用生理盐水洗净,剪成小块,分别置于透皮扩散池的供给室与接收室之间,固定,角质层朝向供给室。向接收室内注入生理盐水作为接收液,排除气泡,使真皮层与接收液接触,将安装好的扩散池置于37℃恒温水浴中,磁力搅拌速度设为200 r/min,向供给室内加入准备好的样品溶液1 mL,于0.5、1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5h吸出全部接收液,立即补入等温等体积的生理盐水,排除气泡后继续实验。
取出的接收液,过0.45μm微孔滤膜,取续滤液10 μL注入高效液相色谱仪,在222nm下测定褪黑素的峰面积,代入标准曲线方程,计算浓度,然后按下式计算单位面积累积渗透量。
单位面积累积渗透量(Q)=[Cn·V+Σ(Ci×V)]/s。式中,Q为药物单位面积累积渗透量,s为渗透面积,V为接收室中接收液体积,Ci为第i个点测得的药物浓度,Cn为第n点测得的药物浓度。对药物透皮曲线(Q-t)的尾部部分作线性回归,求得直线的斜率即为药物经皮渗透速率(J)。促透倍数按下列公式计算: JER=J促透剂/ J无促透剂
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,所述的是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例1 促透剂单独使用
分别配制含有5%氮酮、5%薄荷脑、5%乳化剂OP的褪黑素供给室溶液,进行透皮实验,并以不加促透剂的褪黑素溶液作为对照,结果见表1,附图1。
表1 不同促透剂单用对褪黑素透皮吸收的影响(n=3)。
实施例2 促透剂联合使用
将氮酮、薄荷脑、乳化剂OP进行不同的组合,配制成4种分别含5%氮酮+5%薄荷脑,5%氮酮+5%乳化剂OP,5%薄荷脑+5%乳化剂OP、5%氮酮+5%薄荷脑+5%乳化剂OP混合促透剂的供给室溶液,并以不加促透剂的褪黑素溶液作为对照,进行透皮实验,结果见表2,附图2。
表2 不同促透剂联用对褪黑素透皮吸收的影响(n=3)。
氮酮作为常用的化学合成促透剂,广泛用于各种透皮制剂中。本发明发现天然促透剂薄荷脑对褪黑素的促透效果甚至强于氮酮。乳化剂OP是一种常用乳化剂,本发明发现亦有促透作用。3种促透剂无论单用还是联用都对褪黑素有较明显的的促透效果。当氮酮与薄荷脑联用时,促透效果相对较差,可能与其难溶性有关。乳化剂OP与氮酮、薄荷脑联用时,促透效果较强,可能通过降低混合溶液的表面张力增加药物的溶解度,从而促进药物的渗透。三者联用促透效果略有增强。可见,促透剂联用时,有些能产生明显协同增效作用,有些却不能,只有选择合适的促透剂联用才能获得最大的促透效果。

Claims (4)

1.一种促进褪黑素透皮吸收的促透剂,其特征在于它由氮酮、薄荷脑和乳化剂OP以任意比例组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的促透剂,其特征在于氮酮-薄荷脑-乳化剂OP之比为1∶0∶0或者0∶1∶0或者0∶0∶1。
3.如权利要求1所述的促透剂,其特征在于氮酮-薄荷脑-乳化剂OP之比为1~n∶1~n∶0或者1~n∶0∶1~n或者0∶1~n∶1~n或者1~n∶1~n∶1~n。
4.如权利要求3所述的促透剂,其特征在于当n=0,氮酮-薄荷脑-乳化剂OP较佳比例为1∶1∶0或者1∶0∶1或者0∶1∶1或者1∶1∶1。
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