CN110487729B - High-sensitivity periodic sensing system based on graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor - Google Patents
High-sensitivity periodic sensing system based on graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-sensitivity periodic sensing system based on a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, which comprises a broadband light source, a polarization controller, a single-mode fiber, the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, a sample reaction vessel, a spectrum analyzer and a computer, wherein the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor is formed by an inclined fiber grating with a graphene film coated on the surface, the graphene supports the propagation of an s-polarization mode, so that an s-polarization leakage mode can be fully coupled with a fiber core model in a mode, an enhanced s-polarization leakage mode resonance is generated in the transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, and the s-polarization leakage mode resonance is utilized to realize high-sensitivity periodic sensing detection. The invention has the advantage that the sensing sensitivity is higher than that of other inclined fiber grating sensing methods, such as surface plasma resonance, cladding mode resonance, interference and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sensing, in particular to a high-sensitivity periodic sensing system based on a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology can be fused with a communication network and an information processing technology, has high sensitivity, no mark, miniaturization and natural remote online in-situ detection capability, and has huge development potential. At present, many types of optical fiber sensors have been reported, in which an optical fiber grating can enhance the sensing ability of light waves to an object to be measured by using a mode coupling effect without damaging the optical fiber structure, and has outstanding advantages in the aspects of spectral control freedom, dynamic range, device stability, and the like. Among them, the tilted fiber grating is most attractive because of its special spectral characteristics. The transmission spectrum of the inclined fiber grating not only retains the Bragg resonance (or fiber core mode resonance) of the traditional fiber grating, but also excites tens to hundreds of comb-shaped cladding mode resonances and weak leakage mode resonances. The Bragg resonance can be used for eliminating the influence of factors such as temperature, light source jitter and the like on devices, and the comb-shaped cladding mode resonance is very sensitive to the change of an external object to be detected and has extremely narrow width (tens of to hundreds of picometers), so that high-sensitivity and high-precision detection can be realized. Therefore, the tilted fiber grating has been widely applied to sensing detection of various aspects including living cells, proteins, blood sugar, bioelectricity, electrochemistry, neurotransmitters, cancer markers, immunity, and gas.
Currently, the sensing research of the tilted fiber bragg grating mainly focuses on four aspects: exciting surface plasma resonance sensing, utilizing cut-off mode sensing, utilizing high-order cladding mode sensing, and multi-component multi-method fusion sensing. These studies have greatly driven the development and application of highly sensitive tilted fiber grating sensing. However, tilted fiber grating leakage mode resonances are often ignored and not used for sensing. This is mainly due to two aspects: firstly, effective leakage mode resonance cannot be obtained, and especially in a low-refractive-index environment concerned in the field of biosensing, the leakage mode resonance of the inclined fiber grating is very weak, and the environmental response is insensitive; second, effective leaky mode resonance is observed only in a high refractive index environment far from the sensing field, but the sensing characteristics are general.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-sensitivity periodic sensing system based on a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, wherein the sensing process has high-sensitivity periodic characteristics, and the sensing sensitivity is higher than that of other inclined fiber grating sensing methods, such as surface plasma resonance, cladding mode resonance, interference and the like.
As a first aspect of the present invention, a first object of the present invention is to provide a high-sensitivity periodic sensing system based on a graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor, characterized by comprising: the system comprises a broadband light source, a polarization controller, a single-mode optical fiber, a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, a sample reaction vessel, a spectrum analyzer and a computer, wherein the broadband light source outputs unpolarized light, the broadband light source is connected with one end of the polarization controller, the polarization controller is used for converting the unpolarized light output by the broadband light source into s-polarized light in a single polarization direction, the other end of the polarization controller is connected with one end of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor through the single-mode optical fiber, the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor is arranged in a sample in the sample reaction vessel, the other end of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor is connected with one end of the spectrum analyzer through the single-mode optical fiber, and the other end of the spectrum analyzer is connected with the computer;
the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor is characterized by comprising an inclined fiber grating and a graphene film, wherein the inclined fiber grating is engraved in a fiber core area of a single-mode fiber, the graphene film is coated on the surface of a cladding layer of the inclined fiber grating, and the graphene supports the propagation of an s-polarization mode, so that the propagation distance of the s-polarization leakage mode is lengthened, namely the s-polarization leakage mode can be fully coupled with a fiber core model in a mode, and thus the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor generates enhanced s-polarization leakage mode resonance in a transmission spectrum.
The inclined fiber grating is inscribed in a fiber core of the quartz single-mode fiber, the inclination angle theta of the grating is 0-45 degrees, the axial period lambda of the grating is 100-1000 nm, and the length L of the grating is larger than 10 mm.
The graphene film is doped graphene or graphene oxide, the chemical potential or Fermi level is between 0eV and 0.5eV, and the number of layers is not less than 5.
In addition, in practical application, the graphene film (9) can be intrinsic graphene (namely non-doped graphene), and the chemical potential or the Fermi level of the graphene film is regulated and controlled to be between 0eV and 0.5eV by introducing a gate voltage at two ends. Doping graphene and introducing a gate voltage are two methods of modulating the chemical potential. Doped graphene is employed in the examples of this patent.
The graphene film is coated on the surface of the cladding layer of the inclined fiber grating by a liquid dropping immersion method, one layer of graphene is coated at each time, and the process of liquid dropping immersion is repeated for multiple times to coat a plurality of layers of graphene films.
The output spectral range of the broadband light source is in a near-infrared band and covers the spectral range of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor.
As a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides a detection method of the high-sensitivity periodic sensing system, the sample to be detected is placed on a sample reaction vessel, the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor is placed inside the sample in the sample reaction vessel, so that a change of the sample can affect a mode coupling process in the tilted fiber grating, thereby causing a change of a leakage mode resonance in a transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor, the transmission spectrum leakage mode resonance is monitored in the computer along with a change of the sample, thereby realizing the sensing detection of the sample, the broadband light source outputs unpolarized light, the unpolarized light is converted into s-polarized light in a single polarization direction by the polarization controller, the s-polarized light is input into the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor through the single-mode fiber, and an s-polarized core mold is excited in a fiber core of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor, the graphene supports the propagation of an s-polarization mode, so that an s-polarization leakage mode can be fully in mode coupling with an s-polarization fiber core model, enhanced s-polarization leakage mode resonance is generated in the transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, the s-polarization leakage mode resonance transmission spectrum is input into the spectrum analyzer and collected through the single-mode fiber after being output from the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, and finally the s-polarization leakage mode resonance transmission spectrum is input into the computer for data processing and monitoring the change of the transmission spectrum, so that the sensing data of a sample is obtained.
When a sample to be detected changes (generally expressed as refractive index change), the cladding mode of the tilted fiber grating is gradually converted into a leakage mode, and the conversion process of the leakage mode is periodic, so that the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor has periodic sensing characteristics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) according to the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor and the high-sensitivity periodic sensing system thereof, the graphene is coated on the surface of the cladding of the inclined fiber grating, and the s-polarization leakage mode resonance of the inclined fiber grating is greatly enhanced by using the graphene, so that the high-sensitivity periodic refractive index sensing detection is realized, and the sensing performance is more excellent than that of reported methods such as surface plasma resonance, cladding mode resonance, interference and the like.
(2) According to the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor provided by the invention, the coated material is graphene or graphene oxide instead of a commonly used metal material, and various functional groups on the surface of the graphene or graphene oxide provide very good and stable molecular binding sites for specific binding of a sample to be detected, so that specific sensing detection of various samples can be realized under various environments, and the application field of inclined fiber gratings is effectively expanded.
(3) According to the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor and the high-sensitivity periodic sensing system thereof, provided by the invention, as the bandwidth of the leakage mode resonance of the graphene enhanced inclined fiber grating is very narrow, the sample sensing detection with high precision, high quality factor and high Q factor can be realized.
(4) The graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor provided by the invention is simple in device preparation, can be prepared without expensive and precise film forming and coating equipment, and is favorable for the practicability and productization of devices.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor and a high-sensitivity periodic sensing system thereof;
fig. 2 is a side view of a graphene integrated tilt fiber grating sensor, where in fig. 2, θ represents a grating tilt angle, Λ represents a grating axial period, L represents a grating length, and S represents S-polarization input light;
fig. 3 is a transmission spectrum of a graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor, wherein a subgraph is a transmission spectrum of a tilted fiber grating without graphene coating;
figure 4 partial transmission spectrum of graphene integrated tilt fiber grating sensor,wherein L is i Denotes the ith enhanced leakage mode resonance peak, C i Represents the ith cladding mode resonance peak;
FIG. 5 shows the variation of resonant peak intensity of a graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor with the refractive index of a sample;
fig. 6 shows high-sensitivity periodic sensing characteristics of the graphene integrated tilt fiber grating sensor: (a) variation of the intensity of the resonance peak with the refractive index of the sample, (b) high sensitivity periodic sensing sensitivity of different resonance peaks.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment discloses a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor and a high-sensitivity periodic sensing system thereof, as shown in fig. 1, including: the device comprises a broadband light source 1, a polarization controller 2, a single-mode fiber 3, a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor 4, a sample reaction vessel 5, a spectrum analyzer 6 and a computer 7. Wherein, broadband light source 1 is connected with polarization controller 2's one end, and polarization controller 2's the other end is connected through single mode fiber 3 and the integrated slope fiber grating sensor 4's of graphite alkene one end, and the integrated slope fiber grating sensor 4 of graphite alkene arranges the inside of sample in sample reaction vessel 5 in, and the integrated slope fiber grating sensor 4's of graphite alkene other end is connected through single mode fiber 3 and spectral analysis 6's one end, and spectral analysis 6's the other end is connected with computer 7.
In this embodiment, a side view of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor 4 is shown in fig. 2, where the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor 4 is composed of a tilted fiber grating 8 and a graphene film 9, the tilted fiber grating 8 is written in a fiber core region of a single-mode fiber, and the graphene film 9 is coated on a cladding surface of the tilted fiber grating 8. Where θ represents the grating tilt angle, Λ represents the grating axial period, L represents the grating length, and S represents the S-polarized input light.
In this embodiment, the detection method of the high-sensitivity periodic sensing based on the graphene enhanced tilted fiber grating leakage mode resonance includes: the sample to be detected is placed in the sample reaction vessel 5, the broadband light source 1 outputs unpolarized light, the unpolarized light is converted into s-polarized light in a single polarization direction after passing through the polarization controller 2, the s-polarized light is input into the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor 4 through the single-mode fiber 3 and is excited in a fiber core of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor 4 to form an s-polarized fiber core model, the s-polarized leakage mode can be fully coupled with the s-polarized fiber core model in a mode due to the fact that the graphene 9 supports the propagation of the s-polarized mode, and then the s-polarized leakage mode resonance is generated in the transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor 4, the s-polarized leakage mode resonance is input into the optical spectrum analyzer 5 through the single-mode fiber 3 after being output from the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor 4 and is collected in the s-polarized fiber core model resonance transmission spectrum, and finally the s-polarized leakage mode resonance spectrum is input into the computer 7 for data processing and monitoring the periodic change of the s-polarized leakage mode resonance spectrum Thereby acquiring the sensing data of the sample.
In this embodiment, since the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor 4 is placed inside the sample in the sample reaction vessel 5, the change of the sample may affect the mode coupling process in the tilted fiber grating 8, thereby causing the change of the leakage mode resonance in the transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor 4, and the change of the leakage mode resonance in the transmission spectrum is monitored in the computer 7 along with the change of the sample, so as to realize the sensing detection of the sample.
In this embodiment, when a sample to be measured changes (generally, expressed as a refractive index change), a cladding mode of the tilted fiber grating 8 is gradually converted into a leakage mode, and the conversion process of the leakage mode has periodicity, so that the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor 4 has a periodic sensing characteristic.
In this embodiment, the output spectrum range of the broadband light source 1 is in a near-infrared band (1400nm to 1700nm), and covers the spectrum range of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor 4.
In this embodiment, the polarization controller 2 is configured to convert the unpolarized light output by the broadband light source 1 into s-polarized light with a single polarization direction.
In this embodiment, the tilted fiber grating 8 is written in the core of the quartz single-mode fiber, the grating inclination angle θ is 13 °, the grating axial period Λ is 560nm, and the grating length L is 20 mm.
In this embodiment, the graphene film 9 is doped graphene, the chemical potential or fermi level is 0.35eV, and the number of layers is 5.
In this embodiment, the graphene film 9 is coated on the surface of the cladding of the inclined fiber grating 8 by a dropping immersion method, the graphene film 9 is coated one layer at a time, and the dropping immersion process is repeated for many times to complete coating of 5 layers of the graphene film 9.
In this embodiment, a transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor is shown in fig. 3, where the tilted fiber grating transmission spectrum without graphene coating has a very strong cladding mode resonance peak, and a leakage mode resonance is very weak. After the graphene is coated, the graphene greatly enhances the resonance of a leakage mode, and simultaneously weakens the resonance of a cladding mode, and fig. 4 further shows the local transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor.
In this embodiment, the variation of the resonant peak intensity of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor with the sample is as shown in fig. 5, the resonant peak intensities of different cladding modes sequentially have a trend of decreasing and increasing with the increase of the refractive index of the sample, and the high-sensitivity periodic sensing detection of the refractive index of the sample can be realized by monitoring the variation of the resonant peak intensities with the refractive index of the sample in the decreasing and increasing processes.
In this embodiment, the high-sensitivity periodic sensing characteristic of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor is as shown in fig. 6, as shown in fig. 6(a), along with an increase in the refractive index of the sample, the intensity of the resonance peak of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor periodically increases and decreases, fig. 6(b) shows the high-sensitivity periodic sensing sensitivity of the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor, the average sensitivity of the process of decreasing the resonance peak (absolute value) reaches 5180.4dB/RIU (RIU is a reactive index unit, which represents a refractive index unit), and the average sensitivity of the process of increasing the resonance peak (absolute value) reaches 12227.8dB/RIU, which are higher than those of other tilted fiber grating sensing methods, such as surface plasmon resonance, cladding mode resonance, and interference methods.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A high-sensitivity periodic sensing system based on a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor is characterized by comprising: broadband light source (1), polarization controller (2), single mode fiber (3), the integrated slope fiber grating sensor of graphite alkene (4), sample reaction vessel (5), spectral analysis appearance (6) and computer (7), wherein, broadband light source (1) output unpolarized light, broadband light source (1) be connected with the one end of polarization controller (2), polarization controller (2) be used for with the unpolarized light of broadband light source (1) output convert into the s polarized light of single polarization direction, the other end of polarization controller (2) is connected with the one end of the integrated slope fiber grating sensor of graphite alkene (4) through single mode fiber (3), the integrated slope fiber grating sensor of graphite alkene (4) is arranged in the inside of sample in sample reaction vessel (5), the other end of the integrated slope fiber grating sensor of graphite alkene (4) is connected with the one end of spectral analysis appearance (6) through single mode fiber (3), the other end of the spectrum analyzer (6) is connected with a computer (7);
the graphene integrated tilted fiber grating sensor (4) comprises: the sensor comprises an inclined fiber grating (8) and a graphene film (9), wherein the inclined fiber grating (8) is inscribed in a fiber core area of a single-mode fiber, the graphene film (9) is coated on the surface of a cladding layer of the inclined fiber grating (8), and the graphene film (9) supports the propagation of an s-polarization mode, so that the propagation distance of the s-polarization leakage mode is lengthened, namely the s-polarization leakage mode can be sufficiently coupled with a fiber core model in a mode, and thus enhanced s-polarization leakage mode resonance is generated in the transmission spectrum of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor (4);
the graphene film (9) is doped graphene or oxidized graphene, the chemical potential or Fermi level is between 0eV and 0.5eV, and the number of layers is not less than 5;
the graphene film (9) is coated on the surface of a cladding layer of the inclined fiber grating (8) by a dropping liquid immersion method, one layer of the graphene film (9) is coated each time, and the dropping liquid immersion process is repeated for multiple times to coat a plurality of layers of the graphene films (9);
when the refractive index of a sample to be detected changes, the cladding mode of the inclined fiber grating (8) is gradually converted into a leakage mode, and the conversion process of the leakage mode has periodicity;
the output spectral range of the broadband light source (1) is in a near-infrared band and covers the spectral range of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor (4);
the inclined fiber grating (8) is inscribed in the fiber core of the quartz single-mode fiber, the inclination angle theta of the grating is 0-45 degrees, and the axial period of the grating is
The grating length L is more than 10mm and is between 100nm and 1000 nm.
2. A detection method based on the high-sensitivity periodic sensor system of claim 1, wherein: placing a sample to be tested in a sample reaction vessel (5), wherein a broadband light source (1) outputs unpolarized light, the unpolarized light is converted into s-polarized light in a single polarization direction after passing through a polarization controller (2), the s-polarized light is input into a graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor (4) through a single-mode fiber (3) and excites an s-polarized fiber core model in a fiber core of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor, and the s-polarized leakage model can be fully in mode coupling with the s-polarized fiber core model due to the fact that a graphene film (9) supports the propagation of the s-polarized mode, so that enhanced s-polarized leakage model resonance is generated in an output spectrum of the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor (4), and the s-polarized leakage model resonance transmission spectrum is acquired after being output from the graphene integrated inclined fiber grating sensor (4) and input into a spectrum analyzer (6) through the single-mode fiber (3), and finally, inputting the data into the computer (7) for data processing and monitoring the periodic change of the transmission spectrum so as to acquire the sensing data of the sample.
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