CN110487610A - A kind of sample processing device and its processing method for heavy metal-polluted soil detection - Google Patents
A kind of sample processing device and its processing method for heavy metal-polluted soil detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN110487610A CN110487610A CN201910848474.4A CN201910848474A CN110487610A CN 110487610 A CN110487610 A CN 110487610A CN 201910848474 A CN201910848474 A CN 201910848474A CN 110487610 A CN110487610 A CN 110487610A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sample processing devices and its processing method for heavy metal-polluted soil detection, processing unit includes material bin, screening device, pretreatment unit, distributor, specimen holder and digestion instrument, screening device includes detachable base, positive suction device, screen out fan, collecting tank, pretreatment unit includes drying room, heating wire, lift crushes sieve, sample suction inlet, the suction pump of distributor is connect by pipeline with sample suction inlet, distributor is connected with metering valve, specimen holder includes the rotating seat for making specimen holder determine angle rotation, multiple coupons are circumferentially equipped on rotating seat, coupon and rotating seat junction are equipped with ultrasonic generator, digestion instrument includes storage tank and digestion solution peristaltic pump.In short, the present invention has many advantages, such as that perfect structure novel, method, high treating effect, detection error are small.
Description
Technical field
Soil K+adsorption technical field of the present invention is specifically related to a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection
And its processing method.
Background technique
Heavy metal described in terms of the environmental pollution, is actually primarily referred to as the metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, arsenic or eka-gold
Belong to, also refers to the general heavy metal with certain toxicity, such as copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, tin.
The pretreated purpose of pedotheque is that the form of component to be measured and concentration in pedotheque is made to meet heavy metal-polluted soil
The requirement of measuring method, and reduce or eliminate the interference of Coexisting component.The preprocess method of pedotheque mainly has decomposition method
And extraction method.Decomposition method is used for the measurement of element, and extraction method is used for the measurement of organic pollutant and unstable component.Decomposition method
Effect is the mineral lattice and organic matter for destroying soil, enters element to be measured in sample solution.Common decomposition method has: acid
Decomposition method, alkali fusion decomposition method, the closed decomposition method of autoclave, micro-wave oven heat resolve method etc..Measure the organic contamination group in soil
Unstable component after dividing and being heated, and when progress component morphological analysis, need to use extraction method.Common Extraction solvent is to have
Solvent, water and acid.
But the pretreatment of pedotheque is usually that operator carries out by hand at present, low efficiency, and is handled more thick
It is rough, handle less than position influence heavy metal-polluted soil accuracy of detection, so, design it is a kind of for heavy metal-polluted soil detection sample at
Manage device and its processing method very it is necessary to.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides it is a kind of for heavy metal-polluted soil detection sample processing device and
Its processing method.
The technical scheme is that a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection, mainly includes pan feeding
Bucket, screening device, pretreatment unit, distributor, specimen holder and digestion instrument,
For the material bin for sending soil sample to the screening device, screening device includes for by soil and soil
The detachable base that plant residue separates and charges plant residue in earth, connection positive pole will be for that will charge plant residue attraction
The positive suction device of rising, for the plant residue blowout screening device of rising to be screened out fan by wind-force, for blocking
The collecting tank of intercept collection separating plant residuum,
The pretreatment unit includes the drying room being arranged in below detachable base, and the drying room interior is equipped with connection
Energization source is used to carry out pedotheque the heating wire of heating, drying, drying chamber top be equipped with for crush it is dry after pedotheque
Lift crush sieve, drying room bottom side, which is equipped with, sucks the distributor for dry soil sample after crushing
Sample suction inlet,
The suction pump of distributor is connect by pipeline with the sample suction inlet, and the output end of suction pump is connected with distribution
Room, the distributor chamber are connected with for sending pedotheque to the metering valve in coupon on the specimen holder,
The specimen holder left side is arranged below distributor, and specimen holder includes for making specimen holder determine what angle rotated
Rotating seat is circumferentially equipped with multiple coupons on the rotating seat, and the coupon is all provided with useful with rotating seat junction
In the ultrasonic generator of soil digestion in coupon,
The digestion instrument includes the storage tank for storing digestion solution, for digestion solution to be quantified the injection coupon
Digestion solution peristaltic pump.
Further, it is equipped with the sieve for removing larger impurity in soil in the material bin, is corresponded on the outside of material bin
The screen position is equipped with vibrator, and larger impurity is avoided to be difficult to remove in the device that device is caused to damage.
Further, the detachable base is made of two oscillating plates, and control oscillating plate rotation is equipped on the outside of the oscillating plate
Two rotating electric machines turned, two oscillating plate junctions are respectively equipped with two calutrons of the connection that attracts each other, two vibrations
Intralamellar part is evenly arranged with vibration gauge, and two oscillating plate upper surfaces are the negative plate for connecting power cathode.
Further, it is openable ventilated net on the outside of the collecting tank, can not only intercepts plant residue, but also to screen out wind
Outlet is arranged in the air-flow that fan generates.
Further, the lift crushes sieve and includes crushing sieve identical with drying room inner bottom surface area and be used for
The hydraulic lifting pump for crushing sieve lifting is controlled, directly pedotheque is crushed with crushing sieve, mesh can be directly obtained
Mark the pedotheque powder of partial size.
Further, the broken sieve grinding screen that gives up is equipped with the vibration shaken off for that will remain in the online soil of grinding screen on the net
Dynamic motor avoids pedotheque from remaining in grinding screen for a long time and causes corrosion of equipment to damage on the net.
Further, the exhaust wind for the acid mist generated when processing discharge will to be cleared up is additionally provided with inside the processing unit
Fan, avoids acid mist from causing to corrode to equipment in device.
A kind of processing method of above-mentioned sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection, mainly comprises the steps that
S1: collected pedotheque is put into material bin, and pedotheque passes through the larger impurity of the screen to filtrate, vibrator
The bulk pedotheque vibration that cannot pass through sieve is dissipated and is entered in screening device;
S2: the pedotheque after primary dcreening operation drops down onto detachable base, and the oscillating plate internal vibration instrument of detachable base continues soil
Sample vibration dissipates, and separates plant residue in pedotheque, and negative plate forms DC electric field, cathode after being powered with positive suction device
Plant residue on plate becomes negative electrical charge electrical body, is attracted by positive suction device and rises, plant residue quilt in uphill process
It screens out fan to be blown in collecting tank, completes the removal of soil implants residuum;
S3: rotating electric machine controls oscillating plate rotation, falls into pedotheque in the drying room of pretreatment unit, heating wire connects
Energization source will be heated to 200-280 DEG C in drying room, heating 10-20min evaporates the moisture in pedotheque, hydraulic lifting pump
The pedotheque crushing that control grinding screen general who has surrendered off the net is tentatively dried, heater strip continue to heat 5-10min closing, and grinding screen is online
It rises, vibrating motor will remain in the online pedotheque of grinding screen and shake off;
S4: suction pump sucks pretreated pedotheque in distributor chamber through sample suction inlet, will be determined by metering valve
Amount pedotheque is sent to coupon, and coupon is moved to digestion solution wriggling after receiving pedotheque under the rotation of rotating seat
Digestion solution in storage tank is quantitatively transferred in coupon by pump lower section, digestion solution peristaltic pump, and ultrasonic generator is in coupon
Ultrasonic wave added resolution is carried out, the acid mist generated in digestion process is discharged through scavenger fan, and coupon is taken out after resolution and is carried out
Heavy metal-polluted soil detection.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it is provided by the invention it is a kind of for heavy metal-polluted soil detection sample processing device and
Its processing method, first setting screening device, the plant residue in soil is removed, avoid plant in such a way that motor attracts
Heavy-metal residual in residuum influences the accuracy of heavy metal in soil detection, is then dried pedotheque by pretreatment unit
It is dry, crush, while digestion solution is quantitatively added into pedotheque by digestion instrument, eliminate it is manually-operated cumbersome, and
Additive amount can be controlled accurately, and ultrasonic generator is arranged and carries out ultrasonic wave added to the pedotheque resolution in coupon, be made
It is cleared up more thorough, is improved resolution efficiency, is also set up in the acid mist discharger that exhaust apparatus generates resolution, avoid acid
Mist corrosion device.In short, the present invention has many advantages, such as that perfect structure novel, method, high treating effect, detection error are small.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention.
Wherein, 1- material bin, 11- sieve, 12- vibrator, 2- screening device, 21- detachable base, 211- oscillating plate,
212- rotating electric machine, 213- calutron, 214- vibration gauge, 215- negative plate, 22- anode suction device, 23- screen out fan,
24- collecting tank, 241- ventilated net, 3- pretreatment unit, 31- drying room, 32- heating wire, 33- lift crush sieve, 331-
Crush sieve, 332- hydraulic lifting pump, 333- vibrating motor, 34- sample suction inlet, 4- distributor, 41- suction pump, 42- points
With room, 43- metering valve, 5- specimen holder, 51- coupon, 52- rotating seat, 53- ultrasonic generator, 6- digestion instrument, 61- storage
Tank, 62- digestion solution peristaltic pump, 7- scavenger fan.
Specific embodiment
For convenient for the understanding to technical solution of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing 1 and specific embodiment the present invention is done into one
The explanation of step, embodiment do not constitute the restriction to invention protection scope.
Embodiment: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection, mainly includes material bin
1, screening device 2, pretreatment unit 3, distributor 4, specimen holder 5 and digestion instrument 6, material bin 1 is for sending soil sample
It is equipped with the sieve 11 for removing larger impurity in soil to screening device 2, in material bin 1, corresponds to sieve on the outside of material bin 1
11 positions are equipped with vibrator 12,
Screening device 2 includes the detachable base for soil to separate with plant residue in soil and makes plant residue charge
21, detachable base 21 is made of two oscillating plates 211, and two rotations that control oscillating plate 211 rotates are equipped on the outside of oscillating plate 211
Motor 212, two 211 junctions of oscillating plate are respectively equipped with two calutrons 213 of the connection that attracts each other, two oscillating plates
Vibration gauge 214 is evenly arranged with inside 211, two 211 upper surfaces of oscillating plate are the negative plate 215 for connecting power cathode, even
It connects positive pole and attracts the positive suction device 22 risen for plant residue will to be charged, for passing through wind-force for the plant of rising
Residuum blowout screening device 2 screens out fan 23, for intercepting the collecting tank 24 for collecting separating plant residuum, 24 outside of collecting tank
For openable ventilated net 241,
Pretreatment unit 3 includes the drying room 31 being arranged in below detachable base 21, and 31 interior of drying room is equipped with connection
Energization source is used to carry out pedotheque the heating wire 32 of heating, drying, be equipped at the top of drying room 31 for crush it is dry after soil
The lift of sample crushes sieve 33, and it includes crushing sieve identical with 31 inner bottom surface area of drying room that lift, which crushes sieve 33,
331 and for controlling the hydraulic lifting pump 332 for crushing sieve 331 and going up and down, it crushes sieve 331 and is equipped with for crushing will to be remained in
The vibrating motor 333 that soil shakes off on sieve 331,31 bottom side of drying room is equipped with inhales for dry soil sample after crushing
Enter the sample suction inlet 34 of distributor 4,
The suction pump 41 of distributor 4 is connect by pipeline with sample suction inlet 34, and the output end of suction pump 41 is connected with
Distributor chamber 42, distributor chamber 42 are connected with for sending pedotheque to the metering valve 43 in coupon 51 on specimen holder 5,
5 left side of specimen holder is arranged below distributor 4, and specimen holder 5 includes for making specimen holder 5 determine what angle rotated
Rotating seat 52, multiple coupons 51 are circumferentially equipped on rotating seat 52, and coupon 51 is equipped with 52 junction of rotating seat and is used for
The ultrasonic generator 53 of soil digestion in coupon 51,
Digestion instrument 6 includes the storage tank 61 for storing digestion solution, for digestion solution to be quantified injection coupon 51
Digestion solution peristaltic pump 62 is additionally provided with the scavenger fan 7 for that will clear up the acid mist generated when processing discharge inside processing unit.
The working method of above-described embodiment, mainly comprises the steps that
S1: collected pedotheque is put into material bin 1, and pedotheque filters larger impurity by sieve 11, is shaken
Dynamic device 12, which dissipates the bulk pedotheque vibration that cannot pass through sieve 11, to be entered in screening device 2;
S2: the pedotheque after primary dcreening operation drops down onto detachable base 21, the 211 internal vibration instrument 214 of oscillating plate of detachable base 21
Continue to shake pedotheque and dissipate, separates plant residue in pedotheque, shape after negative plate 215 is powered with positive suction device 22
At DC electric field, the plant residue on negative plate 215 becomes negative electrical charge electrical body, is attracted by positive suction device 22 and rises, and plants
Object residuum is screened out fan 23 in uphill process and is blown in collecting tank 24, and the removal of soil implants residuum is completed;
S3: rotating electric machine 212 controls oscillating plate 211 and rotates, and pedotheque is made to fall into the drying room 31 of pretreatment unit 3
Interior, heating wire 32, which powers on, will be heated to 200-280 DEG C in drying room 31, heating 10-20min makes the moisture in pedotheque
Evaporation, hydraulic lifting pump 332 controls and crush the pedotheque crushing that the lower general who has surrendered of sieve 331 is tentatively dried, and heater strip 32 continues to add
Hot 5-10min is closed, and is crushed sieve 331 and is risen, and the pedotheque that vibrating motor 333 will remain on crushing sieve 331 shakes off;
S4: suction pump 41 sucks pretreated pedotheque in distributor chamber 42 through sample suction inlet 34, passes through metering
Valve 43 send quantitative pedotheque to coupon 51, and coupon 51 moves down after receiving pedotheque in the rotation of rotating seat 52
It moves to 62 lower section of digestion solution peristaltic pump, the digestion solution in storage tank 61 is quantitatively transferred to coupon 51 by digestion solution peristaltic pump 62
Interior, ultrasonic generator 53 is to ultrasonic wave added resolution is carried out in coupon 51, the acid mist generated in digestion process is through 7 row of scavenger fan
Out, coupon 51 is taken out after resolution carry out heavy metal-polluted soil detection.
Above-mentioned vibrator 12 is TYF-65 pneumatic vibrator, and rotating electric machine 212 is WEG motor, and calutron 213 is YSD
Sucked type electromagnet, vibration gauge 214 are VM-6380 vibration gauge, and screening out fan 23 is T40 axial flow blower, and heating wire 32 is AF electricity
Heated filament, the aperture for crushing sieve 331 is 0.3mm, and hydraulic lifting pump 332 is ROTATE RTHP-97G air-driven hydraulic pump, vibrates horse
It is YZO vibrating motor up to 333, suction pump 41 is MPX-441 negative pressure pump, and metering valve 43 is DOPAG quantitative injection valve, rotating seat 52
For the automatically controlled rotating seat of MRSA series, ultrasonic generator 53 is THD-2012Q miniature ultrasonic wave producer, and digestion solution peristaltic pump 62 is
BQ80S micrometeor speed-regulating type peristaltic pump, scavenger fan 7 are FA200 industry exhaust fan.
Experimental example:
Experiment purpose: influence of the processing unit provided in research implementation to pedotheque testing result.
Experiment condition: a pedotheque that same place is taken is equally divided into two parts, mentions in first part of use embodiment
The processing unit of confession is handled, second part using manually choosing except being handled by the way of plant residue, manual nitration in soil,
Pedotheque after two parts of processing is similarly detected, analyzes its testing result, experimental result is as shown in table 1.
1 different disposal method of table detects table
Conclusion: using the present embodiment provides devices to pre-processing before Soil K+adsorption, will not influence the accuracy of testing result,
And time saving and energy saving, high degree of automation.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection, which is characterized in that include mainly material bin (1), screen out
Device (2), pretreatment unit (3), distributor (4), specimen holder (5) and digestion instrument (6),
The material bin (1) is used to sending soil sample in the screening device (2), and screening device (2) includes for will be native
The detachable base (21) that earth separates with plant residue in soil and charges plant residue, connection positive pole will be for that will charge plant
Object residuum attracts the positive suction device (22) risen, for the plant residue of rising to be blown out screening device (2) by wind-force
Screen out fan (23), for intercept collect separating plant residuum collecting tank (24),
The pretreatment unit (3) includes the drying room (31) being arranged below detachable base (21), drying room (31) side
Pars intramuralis is equipped with the heating wire (32) that connection power supply is used to carry out pedotheque heating, drying, is equipped with and uses at the top of drying room (31)
The lift of pedotheque crushes sieve (33) after crushing drying, and drying room (31) bottom side is equipped with for doing after crushing
Dry pedotheque sucks the sample suction inlet (34) of the distributor (4),
The suction pump (41) of distributor (4) is connect by pipeline with the sample suction inlet (34), the output of suction pump (41)
End is connected with distributor chamber (42), and the distributor chamber (42) is connected with for sending pedotheque to sample on the specimen holder (5)
The metering valve (43) in (51) is managed,
Below distributor (4), specimen holder (5) includes for making specimen holder (5) determine angle for specimen holder (5) the left side setting
The rotating seat (52) of rotation is spent, is circumferentially equipped with multiple coupons (51), the coupon on the rotating seat (52)
(51) it is equipped with the ultrasonic generator (53) for coupon (51) interior soil digestion with rotating seat (52) junction,
The digestion instrument (6) includes for storing the storage tank of digestion solution (61), for digestion solution to be quantified the injection examination
The digestion solution peristaltic pump (62) of sample pipe (51).
2. a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Detachable base (21) is made of two oscillating plates (211), and control oscillating plate (211) rotation is equipped on the outside of the oscillating plate (211)
Two rotating electric machines (212), two oscillating plate (211) junctions are respectively equipped with two calutrons of the connection that attracts each other
(213), it is evenly arranged with vibration gauge (214) inside two oscillating plates (211), two oscillating plate (211) upper surfaces are connection
The negative plate (215) of power cathode.
3. a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
It is on the outside of collecting tank (24) openable ventilated net (241).
4. a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Lift crushes sieve (33) and includes crushing sieve (331) identical with drying room (31) inner bottom surface area and crush for controlling
The hydraulic lifting of sieve (331) lifting pumps (332).
5. a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Sieve (331) are crushed to be equipped with for the vibrating motor (333) that soil shakes off in crushing sieve (331) will to be remained in.
6. a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The scavenger fan (7) for the acid mist generated when processing discharge will to be cleared up is additionally provided with inside processing unit.
7. carrying out the sample treatment of heavy metal-polluted soil detection, feature using claim 1-6 any one described device
It is, mainly comprises the steps that
S1: collected pedotheque is put into material bin (1), and pedotheque filters larger impurity, vibration by sieve (11)
The bulk pedotheque vibration that dynamic device (12) will cannot pass through sieve (11), which dissipates, to be entered in screening device (2);
S2: the pedotheque after primary dcreening operation drops down onto detachable base (21), oscillating plate (211) internal vibration instrument of detachable base (21)
(214) continue to shake pedotheque and dissipate, separate plant residue in pedotheque, negative plate (215) and positive suction device
(22) DC electric field is formed after being powered, the plant residue on negative plate (215) becomes negative electrical charge electrical body, by positive suction device
(22) attract and rise, plant residue is screened out fan (23) in uphill process and is blown in collecting tank (24), and soil interplantation is completed
The removal of object residuum;
S3: rotating electric machine (212) controls oscillating plate (211) rotation, and pedotheque is made to fall into the drying room of pretreatment unit (3)
(31) in, heating wire (32), which powers on, will be heated to 200-280 DEG C in drying room (31), heating 10-20min makes pedotheque
In moisture evaporation, hydraulic lifting pump (332) control crush sieve (331) under general who has surrendered tentatively dry pedotheque crushing, add
Heated filament (32) continues to heat 5-10min closing, crushes sieve (331) and rises, vibrating motor (333) will remain in crushing sieve
(331) pedotheque on shakes off;
S4: suction pump (41) by pretreated pedotheque sucking distributor chamber (42), passes through meter through sample suction inlet (34)
Amount valve (43) send quantitative pedotheque to coupon (51), and coupon (51) is after receiving pedotheque in rotating seat (52)
Rotation under be moved to below digestion solution peristaltic pump (62), digestion solution peristaltic pump (62) is quantitative by the digestion solution in storage tank (61)
It is delivered in coupon (51), ultrasonic generator (53) produces in digestion process to ultrasonic wave added resolution is carried out in coupon (51)
Raw acid mist is discharged through scavenger fan (7), and coupon (51) are taken out after resolution and carry out heavy metal-polluted soil detection.
8. a kind of sample processing device for heavy metal-polluted soil detection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Scavenger fan (7) are additionally provided with inside processing unit.
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