CN115586061A - Soil sample pretreatment equipment and method for soil cadmium detection - Google Patents
Soil sample pretreatment equipment and method for soil cadmium detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN115586061A CN115586061A CN202211245310.0A CN202211245310A CN115586061A CN 115586061 A CN115586061 A CN 115586061A CN 202211245310 A CN202211245310 A CN 202211245310A CN 115586061 A CN115586061 A CN 115586061A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000120 microwave digestion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007643 Phytolacca americana Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008717 functional decline Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000005368 osteomalacia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002356 skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4022—Concentrating samples by thermal techniques; Phase changes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4044—Concentrating samples by chemical techniques; Digestion; Chemical decomposition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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Abstract
The invention provides soil sample pretreatment equipment and a method thereof for soil cadmium detection, and belongs to the technical field of soil detection. The device comprises an installation main body, an electric absorption screening box, a sample improvement box, a grinding and drying box, a first slide rail and a movable adjusting box, wherein the electric absorption screening box, the sample improvement box and the grinding and drying box are sequentially arranged at the upper end of the installation main body from left to right; the method comprises the following steps of removing plant residual branches and leaves in a soil sample through an electric adsorption screening box, avoiding the influence of cadmium element residues in the plant residual branches and leaves on the accuracy of cadmium element detection in the soil, adding a modifying agent into the soil sample through a sample modifying box to enable cadmium to form a single existence form, and then performing targeted detection to improve the detection accuracy; the soil sample is subjected to microwave-assisted digestion by moving the adjusting box, and in a word, the determination of cadmium element after the sample is treated by using the pretreatment device and the method provided by the invention has the advantages of higher accuracy, small error range and suitability for mass popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil detection, and particularly relates to soil sample pretreatment equipment and a method for soil cadmium detection.
Background
Cadmium is an element harmful to human body, belongs to carcinogenic substance, can enter into human body through respiratory system and digestive system, and can accumulate in human skeleton, kidney and liver, etc., finally induce orthopedic diseases, such as osteomalacia, osteoporosis, humeral pain, etc., and also induce renal tubule absorption function decline.
The sources of cadmium in soil include natural sources, which are background values derived from rocks and soil, and man-made sources, which are due to the increasingly widespread use of cadmium in electroplating, pigment, plastic stability, nickel cadmium batteries, television picture tube manufacture. With the continuous development of mining, smelting and electroplating industries, a large amount of cadmium-containing wastewater is discharged into rivers, thereby polluting the atmosphere, water and soil. The cadmium pollution of the soil is mainly distributed in the developed regions of the heavy industry and on the two sides of roads and railways, and the cadmium pollution of the farmland soil in the developed irrigation regions of agriculture is also serious.
In order to reduce the damage degree of cadmium elements to soil, the cadmium elements in the soil need to be detected, the key of detection is the pretreatment of the soil, the pretreatment directly determines the detection concentration, accuracy and precision of the whole analysis method, and in the whole detection and analysis process, about 60% of analysis errors are caused by sample pretreatment, but not by an instrument. Meanwhile, the existing pretreatment equipment cannot change various existing forms of the cadmium element to form a single existing form, so that the detection work is not specific and the detection reliability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a soil sample pretreatment device and a soil sample pretreatment method for soil cadmium detection.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection comprises an installation main body, an electric absorption screening box, a sample improvement box, a grinding and drying box, a first slide rail and a movable adjusting box, wherein the electric absorption screening box, the sample improvement box and the grinding and drying box are sequentially arranged at the upper end of the installation main body from left to right;
an electric suction screening component is arranged in the electric suction screening box, a reagent dripping component is arranged in the sample improvement box, an electric heating wire and a grinding and screening component are arranged in the grinding and drying box, an upper end and a lower end in the movable adjusting box are respectively provided with an adjusting cavity and a microwave digestion cavity which are communicated with each other, discharge ports are arranged at the bottom ends of the electric suction screening box, the sample improvement box and the grinding and drying box, a first automatic opening and closing cover plate is arranged at the discharge ports, and a feeding port corresponding to the discharge ports is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting cavity;
the electric suction screening component comprises a mounting cross rod arranged at the upper end inside the electric suction screening box, an electric suction mounting plate arranged at the bottom end of the mounting cross rod through an electric telescopic rod, a plurality of primary grinding heads uniformly arranged at the bottom end of the electric suction mounting plate, an anode adsorption plate arranged at each primary grinding head, and a cathode screening adsorption net arranged in the electric suction screening box and positioned at the lower end of the electric suction mounting plate;
adjust the intracavity and be equipped with the adapter plate, just it is equipped with a plurality of adapters to run through on the adapter plate, and every adapter plate bottom is equipped with second automatic open and close apron, adjusts the chamber lateral wall and is equipped with the nozzle of being connected with outside digestion liquid, the intracavity is cleared up to the microwave and is equipped with the digestion dish, digestion dish bottom is connected with the rotating electrical machines through the connecting axle, and the intracavity wall is cleared up to the microwave evenly is equipped with a plurality of microwave generator along circumference, and the chamber lateral wall is cleared up to the microwave is equipped with the bin outlet.
Furthermore, the upper end of the electric suction screening box is connected with a primary screening box in a through mode, and a vibrating screen is arranged in the primary screening box in the horizontal direction.
Description of the drawings: the vibrating screen can filter large impurities, bulk soil samples which cannot pass through the vibrating screen are vibrated and dispersed, and soil can enter the electric suction screening box conveniently.
Further, reagent dropwise add subassembly include the bottom evenly be equipped with a plurality of dropwise add mouthful of socket one-to-one the dropwise add dish, locate every the second solenoid valve of dropwise add mouthful department, locate sample improvement incasement wall and can drive the dropwise add dish gliding second slide rail from top to bottom in sample improvement incasement, hold the case through coupling hose and dropwise add dish connection, just the coupling hose is equipped with the drawing liquid pump with dropwise add dish junction, it is equipped with level sensor to hold the incasement.
Description of the drawings: the improvement agent that holds the incasement is taken out to the dropwise add dish through the drawing liquid pump in, then drops to accepting the dish through each dropwise add mouth in, after mixing with soil sample, the cadmium that improvement agent and various forms exist in the soil sample takes place the reaction, makes cadmium form the single existence form, then pointed detection, convenient real-time supervision holds the liquid level of incasement improvement agent through level sensor, improve equipment reliability of operation.
Furthermore, each drop port outer wall swing joint has a mounting bracket, and a stirring paddle blade is arranged on the mounting bracket and located under the drop port, and the stirring paddle blade is connected with a micro driving motor.
Description of the invention: through set up rotatable stirring paddle leaf under every dropwise add mouth, the homogeneity of mixing of soil sample and improver in multiplicable every accepts the mouth makes both reactions more thorough, improves and detects the precision.
Further, grind subassembly that sieves includes can follow the regulation horizontal pole that grinds stoving incasement wall and reciprocate, with the regulation horizontal pole is connected perpendicularly and the bottom is equipped with the regulation montant with the second grade grinding head of bellmouth one-to-one, with adjust the first rotating gear that the montant upper end is connected, through the chain with second rotating gear that first rotating gear is connected, with the positive and negative rotating electrical machines that second rotating gear center department is connected.
Description of the drawings: the second rotating gear is driven to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise alternately by the forward and reverse rotating motor, the first rotating gear also rotates synchronously, the second-stage grinding head rotates back and forth in the bearing port and grinds and stirs soil samples in the second-stage grinding head back and forth under the driving of the first rotating gear, the particle size of the soil samples is reduced, the modifier can fully enter the soil samples, the reaction thoroughness of the two is improved, cadmium forms a single existence form, and the detection precision is improved.
Furthermore, the secondary grinding head comprises an arc grinding plate, a plurality of grinding mounting openings uniformly arranged on the arc grinding plate, and grinding beads which are in one-to-one correspondence with the grinding mounting openings and are rotatably connected with the grinding mounting openings.
Description of the drawings: when the circular arc grinding plate rotates back and forth in the receiving port, the grinding beads can rotate everywhere, and the grinding effect is improved.
Furthermore, an inverted L-shaped deflector rod is arranged in the microwave digestion cavity, and a deflector plate positioned at the upper end of the digestion disc is arranged at the bottom end of the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped deflector rod.
Description of the invention: when the rotating motor drives the digestion disc to rotate, the shifting piece at the bottom end of the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped shifting rod can level the soil sample at the upper end of the digestion disc, so that the digestion effect of microwaves on the soil sample is prevented from being influenced due to accumulation.
Furthermore, the intelligent control assembly comprises a controller arranged on the installation main body, a wireless communication module connected with an external centralized control center through a wireless signal, a fault detection module used for detecting the running state of each electrical element, a fault indicator lamp and a normal running indicator lamp which are connected with the fault detection module, an infrared transmitter arranged at the upper end of the movable adjusting box, and an infrared receiver arranged at the bottom end of the electric suction screening box, the sample improvement box and the grinding drying box.
Description of the invention: through each electric component normal operating of controller control, through wireless communication module with equipment and external control center wireless connection, detect each electric original paper running state through fault detection module, when each component normal operating of equipment, the normal operating pilot lamp is bright, when breaking down, the fault pilot lamp scintillation, conveniently directly perceivedly remind the staff in time to handle, improve the holistic intelligent degree of equipment and reliability, transmit the infrared ray through infrared emitter, through opening and close of infrared receiver, conveniently remove the regulation case to different positions, guarantee to remove the regulation case and inhale the screening case with the electricity, the accurate butt joint of sample improvement case and grinding stoving case, the reliability of improvement device operation.
The invention also discloses a soil sample pretreatment method for soil cadmium detection, and the soil sample pretreatment equipment for soil cadmium detection comprises the following steps of:
s1, adding a soil sample to be treated into a primary screening box, starting a vibrating screen to work through a controller, vibrating and scattering a large soil sample which cannot pass through the vibrating screen while filtering larger impurities in the soil sample through the vibrating screen, and allowing the soil sample to enter an electric absorption screening box after being vibrated and scattered;
s2, controlling an infrared emitter and an infrared receiver corresponding to the bottom end of an electric adsorption screening box to be started simultaneously through a controller, enabling the infrared emitter to emit infrared rays, enabling a movable adjusting box to move to the bottom end of the electric adsorption screening box through a first slide rail, enabling the infrared receiver corresponding to the bottom end of the electric adsorption screening box to receive the infrared rays, enabling a corresponding material inlet on the movable adjusting box to be abutted to a material outlet at the bottom end of the electric adsorption screening box at the moment, enabling a soil sample entering the electric adsorption screening box to fall onto a negative electrode screening adsorption net through the material outlet, powering on a positive electrode adsorption plate and the negative electrode screening adsorption net, enabling the electric adsorption plate to move downwards through extension of an electric telescopic rod, enabling primary grinding heads to simultaneously move downwards, enabling a grinding head to grind the soil sample on the negative electrode screening adsorption net to be ground when the primary grinding head is in contact with the negative electrode screening adsorption net, enabling the residual plant leaves on the negative electrode screening adsorption net to become charged bodies when the soil sample is ground primarily, enabling the residual plant leaves in the soil sample to ascend through the attraction of the grinding head and completing separation of the residual plant leaves in the soil sample;
s3, opening a first automatic opening and closing cover plate, enabling ground soil samples to enter a mobile adjusting box and fall on a bearing plate, controlling an infrared receiver corresponding to the bottom end of an electric suction screening box to be closed through a controller, starting the infrared receiver at the bottom end of a sample improving box, enabling the mobile adjusting box to move to the bottom end of the sample improving box through a first sliding rail, pumping the modifying agent in a containing box into a dripping plate through a liquid pump, then dropping the modifying agent into the bearing plate through each dripping port, stirring the soil samples and the modifying agent through a stirring paddle, enabling the modifying agent to react with cadmium existing in various forms in the soil samples, enabling the cadmium to form a single existence form, then carrying out targeted detection, and conveniently monitoring the liquid level of the modifying agent in the containing box in real time through a liquid level sensor;
s4, controlling the infrared receiver corresponding to the bottom end of the sample improvement box to be closed through the controller, starting the infrared receiver at the bottom end of the grinding and drying box, driving the second rotating gear to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise alternately through the forward and reverse rotating motor, driving the first rotating gear to rotate synchronously, driving the second-stage grinding head to rotate back and forth in the receiving port and grind and stir the soil sample in the second-stage grinding head back and forth under the driving of the first rotating gear, reducing the particle size of the soil sample, enabling the modifier to fully enter the soil sample, meanwhile, starting the electric heating wire through the controller, heating the soil sample through the electric heating wire, evaporating the moisture in the soil sample, and then spraying the digestion solution into the soil sample through the spraying port;
s5, opening the second automatic opening and closing cover plate at the bottom end of each receiving port through the controller, enabling the soil sample in the receiving port to fall on a digestion disc, starting a rotating motor, driving the digestion disc to rotate through the rotating motor, leveling the soil sample at the upper end of the digestion disc by a poking sheet at the bottom end of the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped poking rod, simultaneously starting a microwave generator, generating microwaves into the soil sample through the microwave generator, carrying out microwave-assisted digestion, and detecting cadmium elements in the soil through a discharge port after digestion is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides a soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection, which can filter larger impurities through a vibrating screen in a primary screening box, can disperse massive soil samples to facilitate the soil to enter an electric suction screening box, can perform primary grinding and removal of plant residual branches and leaves in the soil samples through an electric suction screening component, avoids the influence of cadmium element residues in the plant residual branches and leaves on the accuracy of cadmium element detection in the soil, adds a modifying agent into the soil samples through a reagent dripping component to enable cadmium to form a single existence form, performs targeted detection, improves the detection accuracy, rotates back and forth through a grinding screening component and grinds and stirs the soil samples back and forth, reduces the particle size of the soil samples, enables the modifying agent to fully enter the soil samples, and increases the thoroughness of reaction of the soil samples and the electric suction screening box; the soil sample is subjected to microwave-assisted digestion through the microwave digestion cavity, and meanwhile, the soil sample is leveled through the poking piece, so that the digestion effect of microwaves on the soil sample is prevented from being influenced due to accumulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view at A of FIG. 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the invention at B in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the invention at C in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the polishing secondary head of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the invention at D in FIG. 1;
wherein, 1-installation main body, 2-electric suction screening box, 20-electric suction screening component, 200-installation cross bar, 201-electric suction installation plate, 202-primary grinding head, 203-positive pole adsorption plate, 204-negative pole screening adsorption net, 21-electric telescopic rod, 22-primary screening box, 220-vibrating screen, 3-sample improvement box, 30-reagent dropping component, 31-dropping disk, 310-dropping port, 311-installation rack, 312-stirring paddle, 313-micro driving motor, 32-second electromagnetic valve, 33-second sliding rail, 34-holding box, 340-connection hose, 341-liquid level sensor, 35-liquid pump, 4-grinding drying box, 40-electric heating wire, 41-grinding screening component, 410-adjustment cross bar 411-adjusting vertical rod, 412-first rotating gear, 413-second rotating gear, 414-positive and negative rotating motor, 42-secondary grinding head, 420-arc grinding plate, 421-grinding mounting port, 422-grinding bead, 5-first sliding rail, 6-mobile adjusting box, 60-adjusting cavity, 600-feeding port, 601-bearing disc, 602-bearing port, 603-second automatic opening and closing cover plate, 604-spraying port, 61-microwave digestion cavity, 610-digestion disc, 611-connecting shaft, 612-rotating motor, 613-microwave generator, 614-discharging port, 615-inverted L-shaped deflector rod, 616-deflector rod, 7-discharging port, 70-first automatic opening and closing cover plate, 8-intelligent control component, 80-controller, 81-wireless communication module, 82-fault detection module, 83-fault indicator lamp, 84-normal operation indicator lamp.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail by examples below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection comprises an installation main body 1, an electric absorption screening box 2, a sample improvement box 3, a grinding and drying box 4, a first slide rail 5 and a movable adjusting box 6, wherein the electric absorption screening box 2, the sample improvement box 3 and the grinding and drying box 4 are sequentially arranged at the upper end of the installation main body 1 from left to right, the first slide rail 5 is arranged at the lower end of the installation main body 1, and the movable adjusting box 6 can slide left and right at the bottom end of the installation main body 1 through the first slide rail 5;
an electric suction screening component 20 is arranged in the electric suction screening box 2, a reagent dripping component 30 is arranged in the sample improvement box 3, an electric heating wire 40 and a grinding and screening component 41 are arranged in the grinding and drying box 4, an adjusting cavity 60 and a microwave digestion cavity 61 which are mutually communicated are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the interior of the movable adjusting box 6, discharge ports 7 are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the electric suction screening box 2, the sample improvement box 3 and the grinding and drying box 4, a first automatic opening and closing cover plate 70 is arranged at the discharge port 7, and a feeding port 600 corresponding to the discharge port 7 is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting cavity 60;
as shown in fig. 2, the electric suction screening assembly 20 includes an installation cross bar 200 disposed at the upper end inside the electric suction screening box 2, an electric suction mounting plate 201 disposed at the bottom end of the installation cross bar 200 through an electric telescopic rod 21, 10 primary grinding heads 202 uniformly disposed at the bottom end of the electric suction mounting plate 201, an anode adsorption plate 203 disposed at each primary grinding head 202, and a cathode screening adsorption net 204 disposed inside the electric suction screening box 2 and located at the lower end of the electric suction mounting plate 201;
a bearing disc 601 is arranged in the adjusting cavity 60, 4 bearing ports 602 penetrate through the bearing disc 601, a second automatic opening and closing cover plate 603 is arranged at the bottom end of each bearing port 602, a spraying port 604 connected with an external digestion solution is arranged on the side wall of the adjusting cavity 60, a digestion disc 610 is arranged in the microwave digestion cavity 61, the bottom end of the digestion disc 610 is connected with a rotating motor 612 through a connecting shaft 611, 4 microwave generators 613 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the microwave digestion cavity 61 along the circumferential direction, and a discharge port 614 is arranged on the side wall of the microwave digestion cavity 61;
the upper end of the electric suction screening box 2 is connected with a primary screening box 22 in a run-through manner, and a vibrating screen 220 is arranged in the primary screening box 22 along the horizontal direction;
as shown in fig. 3, the reagent dripping module 30 includes a dripping tray 31 having 4 dripping ports 310 at the bottom end thereof, which correspond to the receiving ports 602 one by one, a second electromagnetic valve 32 disposed at each dripping port 310, a second slide rail 33 disposed on the inner wall of the sample improvement box 3 and capable of driving the dripping tray 31 to slide up and down in the sample improvement box 3, a containing box 34 connected to the dripping tray 31 through a connecting hose 340, a liquid pump 35 disposed at the joint of the connecting hose 340 and the dripping tray 31, and a liquid level sensor 341 disposed in the containing box 34;
the outer wall of each dripping port 310 is movably connected with a mounting frame 311, a stirring paddle 312 is arranged on the mounting frame 311 and is positioned at the position right below the dripping port 310, and the position of the stirring paddle 312 is connected with a micro driving motor 313;
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the grinding and sieving assembly 41 includes an adjusting cross bar 410 capable of moving up and down along the inner wall of the grinding and drying box 4, an adjusting vertical bar 411 vertically connected to the adjusting cross bar 410 and having two-stage grinding heads 42 at the bottom end thereof corresponding to the sockets 602 one by one, a first rotating gear 412 connected to the upper end of the adjusting vertical bar 411, a second rotating gear 413 connected to the first rotating gear 412 through a chain, and a forward and backward rotating motor 414 connected to the center of the second rotating gear 413;
the secondary polishing head 42 includes an arc polishing plate 420, 4 polishing mounting openings 421 uniformly formed on the arc polishing plate 420, and polishing beads 422 corresponding to the polishing mounting openings 421 one by one and rotatably connected to the polishing mounting openings 421.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
as shown in fig. 6, an inverted L-shaped deflector rod 615 is arranged in the microwave digestion chamber 61, and a deflector piece 616 located at the upper end of the digestion disk 610 is arranged at the bottom end of the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped deflector rod 615.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 2 in that:
as shown in fig. 1, the intelligent control assembly 8 is further included, and the intelligent control assembly 8 includes a controller 80 disposed on the installation main body 1, a wireless communication module 81 connected with an external centralized control center through a wireless signal, a fault detection module 82 for detecting the operation state of each electrical component, a fault indicator lamp 83 connected with the fault detection module 82, and a normal operation indicator lamp 84.
The positive electrode adsorption plate 203, the negative electrode screening adsorption net 204, the electric telescopic rod 21, the vibrating screen 220, the stirring paddle 312, the micro driving motor 313, the second electromagnetic valve 32, the liquid level sensor 341, the liquid pumping pump 35, the electric heating wire 40, the forward and reverse rotating motor 414, the second automatic opening and closing cover plate 603, the rotating motor 612, the microwave generator 613, the first automatic opening and closing cover plate 70, the controller 80, the wireless communication module 81, the fault detection module 82, the fault indicator lamp 83 and the normal operation indicator lamp 84 used in this embodiment are all products of the prior art, and a person skilled in the art can select according to needs, so that the technical scheme of the present invention can be satisfied, and no special limitation is made herein.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a soil sample pretreatment method for soil cadmium detection, and the soil sample pretreatment equipment for soil cadmium detection based on the embodiments 1 to 3 comprises the following steps:
s1, adding a soil sample to be treated into a primary screening box 22, starting a vibrating screen 220 to work through a controller 80, vibrating and scattering a large soil sample which cannot pass through the vibrating screen 220 while filtering larger impurities in the soil sample through the vibrating screen 220, and entering an electric absorption screening box 2 after the soil sample is vibrated and scattered;
s2, the infrared emitter 85 and the infrared receiver 86 corresponding to the bottom end of the electric adsorption screening box 2 are controlled to be started simultaneously through the controller 80, at the moment, the infrared emitter 85 emits infrared rays, the movable adjusting box 6 is moved to the bottom end of the electric adsorption screening box 2 through the first slide rail 5, the infrared receiver 86 corresponding to the bottom end of the electric adsorption screening box 2 receives the infrared rays, at the moment, the corresponding material inlet 600 on the movable adjusting box 6 is abutted to the material outlet 7 at the bottom end of the electric adsorption screening box 2, a soil sample entering the electric adsorption screening box 2 falls onto the negative electrode screening adsorption net 204 through the material outlet 7, then, the positive electrode adsorption plate 203 and the negative electrode screening adsorption net 204 are electrified, the electric adsorption mounting plate 201 moves downwards through the extension of the electric telescopic rod 21, the primary grinding head 202 also moves downwards synchronously, when the primary grinding head 202 is contacted with the negative electrode screening adsorption net 204, the soil sample on the negative electrode screening adsorption net 204 is primarily ground, and when the soil sample is ground, the plant leaves on the negative electrode screening adsorption net 204 become charged branches and the plant leaves are attracted by the positive electrode screening adsorption net 203, and the residual leaves in the soil sample are separated;
s3, opening the first automatic opening and closing cover plate 70, enabling ground soil samples to enter the movable adjusting box 6 and fall on the bearing disc 601, controlling the infrared receiver 86 corresponding to the bottom end of the electric suction screening box 2 to be closed through the controller 80, starting the infrared receiver 86 at the bottom end of the sample improving box 3, enabling the movable adjusting box 6 to move to the bottom end of the sample improving box 3 through the first sliding rail 5, pumping the modifying agent in the containing box 34 into the dripping disc 31 through the liquid pumping pump 35, then dropping into the bearing disc 601 through each dripping port 310, stirring the soil samples and the modifying agent through the stirring blades 312, enabling the modifying agent to react with cadmium existing in various forms in the soil samples, enabling the cadmium to form a single existing form, then carrying out targeted detection, and conveniently monitoring the liquid level of the modifying agent in the containing box 34 in real time through the liquid level sensor 341;
s4, the controller 80 is used for controlling the infrared receiver 86 corresponding to the bottom end of the sample improvement box 3 to be closed, the infrared receiver 86 corresponding to the bottom end of the grinding and drying box 4 is opened, the forward and reverse rotating motor 414 is used for driving the second rotating gear 413 to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise alternately, the first rotating gear 412 also rotates synchronously, the secondary grinding head 42 is driven by the first rotating gear 412 to rotate back and forth in the socket 602 and grind and stir soil samples in the socket back and forth, the particle size of the soil samples is reduced, so that the modifier can fully enter the soil samples, meanwhile, the controller 80 is used for starting the electric heating wire 40, the soil samples are heated through the electric heating wire 40, so that water in the soil samples is evaporated, and then the digestion solution is sprayed into the soil samples through the spraying port 604;
s5, opening a second automatic opening and closing cover plate 603 at the bottom end of each socket 602 through the controller 80, enabling the soil sample in the socket 602 to fall to the digestion disc 610, then starting the rotating motor 612, driving the digestion disc 610 to rotate through the rotating motor 612, leveling the soil sample at the upper end of the digestion disc 610 through a shifting sheet 616 at the bottom end of the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped shifting rod 615, simultaneously starting the microwave generator 613, generating microwaves into the soil sample through the microwave generator 613, performing microwave-assisted digestion, and detecting cadmium elements in the soil through the discharge port 614 after digestion is finished.
Claims (9)
1. A soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection is characterized by comprising an installation main body (1), an electric absorption screening box (2) arranged at the upper end of the installation main body (1), a sample improvement box (3), a grinding and drying box (4) sequentially arranged from left to right, a first slide rail (5) arranged at the lower end of the installation main body (1), and a movable adjusting box (6) capable of sliding left and right at the bottom end of the installation main body (1) through the first slide rail (5);
an electric suction screening component (20) is arranged in the electric suction screening box (2), a reagent dripping component (30) is arranged in the sample improvement box (3), an electric heating wire (40) and a grinding and screening component (41) are arranged in the grinding and drying box (4), an adjusting cavity (60) and a microwave digestion cavity (61) which are communicated with each other are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the interior of the movable adjusting box (6), discharge ports (7) are respectively arranged at the bottom ends of the electric suction screening box (2), the sample improvement box (3) and the grinding and drying box (4), a first automatic opening and closing cover plate (70) is arranged at the discharge port (7), and a feeding port (600) corresponding to the discharge port (7) is arranged at the upper end of the adjusting cavity (60);
the electric suction screening assembly (20) comprises an installation cross rod (200) arranged at the upper end inside the electric suction screening box (2), an electric suction mounting plate (201) arranged at the bottom end of the installation cross rod (200) through an electric telescopic rod (21), a plurality of primary grinding heads (202) uniformly arranged at the bottom end of the electric suction mounting plate (201), an anode adsorption plate (203) arranged at each primary grinding head (202), and a cathode screening adsorption net (204) arranged in the electric suction screening box (2) and positioned at the lower end of the electric suction mounting plate (201);
adjust and be equipped with in chamber (60) and accept dish (601), just it is equipped with a plurality of accepts mouth (602) to accept to run through on dish (601), and every accepts mouth (602) bottom is equipped with second automatic open and close apron (603), adjusts chamber (60) lateral wall and is equipped with and sprays mouthful (604) of being connected with outside digestion liquid, it discolous (610) to be equipped with in chamber (61) to disappear in the microwave, it is connected with rotating electrical machines (612) through connecting axle (611) to disappear dish (610) bottom, and chamber (61) inner wall is cleared up to the microwave evenly is equipped with a plurality of microwave generator (613) along circumference, and chamber (61) lateral wall is cleared up to the microwave is equipped with bin outlet (614).
2. The soil sample pretreatment equipment for detecting cadmium in soil according to claim 1, wherein a primary screen box (22) is connected to the upper end of the electric absorption screen box (2) in a penetrating manner, and a vibrating screen (220) is arranged in the primary screen box (22) along the horizontal direction.
3. The soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection according to claim 1, wherein the reagent dripping assembly (30) comprises a dripping tray (31) having a plurality of dripping ports (310) corresponding to the receiving ports (602) one by one at the bottom end, a second solenoid valve (32) disposed at each of the dripping ports (310), a second slide rail (33) disposed on the inner wall of the sample improvement box (3) and capable of driving the dripping tray (31) to slide up and down in the sample improvement box (3), and a containing box (34) connected with the dripping tray (31) through a connecting hose (340), wherein a liquid pump (35) is disposed at the joint of the connecting hose (340) and the dripping tray (31), and a liquid level sensor (341) is disposed in the containing box (34).
4. The soil sample pretreatment equipment for soil cadmium detection according to claim 3, wherein an installation frame (311) is movably connected to the outer wall of each dripping port (310), a stirring blade (312) is arranged on the installation frame (311) and is located at the position right below the dripping port (310), and a micro driving motor (313) is connected to the stirring blade (312).
5. The soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection according to claim 1, wherein the grinding and sieving assembly (41) comprises an adjusting cross rod (410) capable of moving up and down along the inner wall of the grinding and drying box (4), an adjusting vertical rod (411) vertically connected with the adjusting cross rod (410) and provided with a secondary grinding head (42) at the bottom end thereof, the secondary grinding head corresponds to the receiving port (602) one by one, a first rotating gear (412) connected with the upper end of the adjusting vertical rod (411), a second rotating gear (413) connected with the first rotating gear (412) through a chain, and a forward and reverse rotating motor (414) connected with the center of the second rotating gear (413).
6. The soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection according to claim 5, wherein the secondary grinding head (42) comprises an arc grinding plate (420), a plurality of grinding mounting ports (421) uniformly arranged on the arc grinding plate (420), and grinding beads (422) corresponding to the grinding mounting ports (421) in a one-to-one manner and rotatably connected with the grinding mounting ports (421).
7. The soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection according to claim 1, wherein an inverted L-shaped deflector rod (615) is arranged in the microwave digestion chamber (61), and a deflector plate (616) positioned at the upper end of the digestion disc (610) is arranged at the bottom end of the horizontal section of the inverted L-shaped deflector rod (615).
8. The soil sample pretreatment device for soil cadmium detection according to claim 1, further comprising an intelligent control assembly (8), wherein the intelligent control assembly (8) comprises a controller (80) arranged on the installation main body (1), a wireless communication module (81) connected with an external centralized control center through a wireless signal, a fault detection module (82) used for detecting the operation state of each electrical element, a fault indicator lamp (83) connected with the fault detection module (82), and a normal operation indicator lamp (84).
9. A soil sample pretreatment method for soil cadmium detection, which is based on the soil sample pretreatment equipment for soil cadmium detection in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding a soil sample to be treated into a primary screening box (22), starting a vibrating screen (220) to work through a controller (80), vibrating and scattering a large soil sample which cannot pass through the vibrating screen (220) while filtering larger impurities in the soil sample through the vibrating screen (220), and entering an electric absorption screening box (2) after the soil sample is vibrated and scattered;
s2, infrared emitter (85) and infrared receiver (86) corresponding to the bottom end of electric absorption screening box (2) are controlled by controller (80) to start simultaneously, at the moment, infrared emitter (85) emits infrared rays, the movable adjusting box (6) is moved to the bottom end of electric absorption screening box (2) through first slide rail (5), infrared receiver (86) corresponding to the bottom end of electric absorption screening box (2) receives infrared rays, at the moment, corresponding material inlet (600) on the movable adjusting box (6) is abutted to discharge port (7) at the bottom end of electric absorption screening box (2), soil sample entering into electric absorption screening box (2) falls onto negative screening absorption net (204) through discharge port (7), then, the positive pole adsorption plate (203) and the negative pole screening adsorption net (204) are electrified, the electric adsorption mounting plate (201) moves downwards through the extension of the electric telescopic rod (21), the primary grinding head (202) moves downwards synchronously, when the primary grinding head (202) is in contact with the negative pole screening adsorption net (204), the soil sample on the negative pole screening adsorption net (204) is primarily ground by the primary grinding head (202), and when the soil sample is ground, the plant residual branches and leaves on the negative pole screening adsorption net (204) become negatively charged bodies and are attracted and lifted by the positive pole adsorption plate (203), so that the separation of the plant residual branches and leaves in the soil sample is completed;
s3, a first automatic opening and closing cover plate (70) is opened, ground soil samples enter a movable adjusting box (6) and fall on a bearing disc (601), an infrared receiver (86) corresponding to the bottom end of an electric absorption screening box (2) is controlled to be closed through a controller (80), the infrared receiver (86) at the bottom end of the sample improving box (3) is opened, the movable adjusting box (6) is moved to the bottom end of the sample improving box (3) through a first sliding rail (5), then the modifying agent in a containing box (34) is pumped into a dropping disc (31) through a liquid pumping pump (35), then the modifying agent falls into the bearing disc (601) through dropping ports (310), the modifying agent reacts with cadmium existing in various forms in the soil samples after the soil samples and the modifying agent are stirred through stirring blades (312), so that the cadmium forms a single existence form, then targeted detection is carried out, and the liquid level of the modifying agent in the containing box (34) can be conveniently monitored in real time through a liquid level sensor (341);
s4, the infrared receiver (86) corresponding to the bottom end of the sample improvement box (3) is controlled to be closed through the controller (80), the infrared receiver (86) at the bottom end of the grinding and drying box (4) is started, the second rotating gear (413) is driven to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise alternately through the forward and reverse rotating motor (414), the first rotating gear (412) also rotates synchronously, the secondary grinding head (42) rotates back and forth in the socket (602) and grinds and stirs soil samples in the socket back and forth under the driving of the first rotating gear (412), the particle size of the soil samples is reduced, the conditioner can fully enter the soil samples, meanwhile, the electric heating wire (40) is started through the controller (80), the soil samples are heated through the electric heating wire (40), water in the soil samples is evaporated, and then the digestion solution is sprayed into the soil samples through the spraying port (604);
s5, a second automatic opening and closing cover plate (603) at the bottom end of each socket opening (602) is opened through a controller (80), so that a soil sample in the socket opening (602) falls to a digestion disc (610), then a rotating motor (612) is started, the digestion disc (610) is driven to rotate through the rotating motor (612), a poking piece (616) at the bottom end of the horizontal section of an inverted L-shaped poking rod (615) can poke the soil sample at the upper end of the digestion disc (610) flatly, meanwhile, a microwave generator (613) is started, microwaves are generated into the soil sample through the microwave generator (613) for microwave-assisted digestion, and cadmium elements in the soil are detected through a discharge opening (614) after digestion is finished.
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