CN110486616A - 用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统 - Google Patents
用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,包括深冷液体储罐,所述深冷液体储罐由内而外,包含金属内罐层、至少一层液氮通道和外保护层,所述液氮通道从内到外包含依次设置的通道层和密封保温层;各通道层上均连接有进液管道、可与通道层双向流通的双向管道和泄压管道,所述进液管道和双向管道的另一端,均与设置在深冷液体储罐外的液氮储罐或液氮发生器连接,用于向通道层通入液氮或回收液氮,所述泄压管道伸出深冷液体储罐的密封保温层和外保护层外。本发明的系统结构巧妙,大大降低了储罐内部蒸发率,无排放和浪费,安全性好,在往一般的刚用完的空罐中充液体前,减少了重新冷却罐体的时间,值得推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海上工作用低温液化气储存系统,尤其涉及一种用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统。
背景技术
现有技术中,海上工作所用的深冷液体如液化天然气等的储存,多因为温度差异问题,导致有蒸发排放,不但浪费液化气,而且还有可能引发爆炸等安全问题,也通常会污染环境;另外,在这些液体被灌装入储罐前,因为要求储罐也具有一定的低温,所以通常人们都是通过保留一部分深冷液体在罐内以保持罐体低温,或者通过重新通入低温液体进行逐渐预冷直到罐体够冷,但是保留一部分深冷液体在罐内的做法变相缩小了储罐内能被使用的液体的量,而通入低温液体进行预冷的方式不但耗时(因为罐体只能逐渐降温,可能一个预冷过程需要持续1-5天)、耗液体增加成本,还因为通入的液体会因为罐的温度差而蒸发,可能会导致环境污染和安全问题,故,人们一直想找到更好的解决办法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种低成本的、近乎零蒸发率、高安全性、高环保性的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,包括深冷液体储罐,所述深冷液体储罐由内而外,包含金属内罐层、至少一层液氮通道和外保护层,所述液氮通道从内到外包含依次设置的通道层和密封保温层;各通道层上均连接有进液管道、可与通道层双向流通的双向管道和泄压管道,所述进液管道和双向管道的另一端,均与设置在深冷液体储罐外的液氮储罐或液氮发生器连接,用于向通道层通入液氮或回收液氮,所述泄压管道伸出深冷液体储罐外,当深冷液体储罐内用于储存气化温度高于或等于液氮气化温度的深冷液体时,所述通道层与金属内罐层直接接触或不直接接触;当深冷液体储罐用于盛装气化温度低于液氮气化温度的深冷液体时,所述通道层与金属内罐层不直接接触,中间至少设有一层保温层。
作为优选,所述通道层为开放的空腔结构或为由流通型开孔式绝缘材料构成,绝缘材料中的孔之间可相互连通,形成液氮可经过的通道。
更优地,通道层为流通型开孔式绝缘材料时,发泡主材为聚氨酯材料,其喷涂后,包含相互连通的气泡孔。
作为优选,所述深冷液体储罐内,金属内罐层和外保护层之间,设有2层液氮通道。
作为优选,各层上,还可根据需要附着设置一层蒸汽屏障层。更优地,所述蒸汽屏障层为铝箔层。
作为优选,所述通道层、密封保温层之间,还设有加强网层。更优地,所述加强网层为纤维网或钢丝网。进一步地,所述纤维网为玻璃纤维网。
作为优选,所述深冷液体为液化氢气、液化天然气、液化乙烯、液化石油气中的一种。其中液化氢气的气化温度低于液氮的气化温度,其余几种的气化温度高于液氮的气化温度。
作为优选,所述通道层的厚度为5-50mm。
作为优选,所述金属内罐层的材料为铝、不锈钢、Ni5%钢,Ni9%钢,高锰钢中的一种。
作为优选,所述金属内罐层内表面上,还涂有底漆层。更优地,所述底漆层为绝缘粘结剂。
作为优选,所述密封保温层的厚度为5-35mm。
作为优选,所述密封保温层4为闭孔式绝缘材料。更优地,形成密封保温层4的发泡主材为相对于通道层的流通型开孔式的另一种孔大多数是闭合的聚氨酯材料。
作为优选,所述外保护层由强化聚脲或与其强度等同的材料制成。
作为优选,各管道为不锈钢管道。更优地,管道外包有保温层。
作为优选,各管道上,均设有阀门。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,结构巧妙,通过在金属内罐层外设置液氮通道的方式,深冷液体储罐内储存的为气化温度高于或等于液氮气化温度的深冷液体时,利于液氮的超低气化温度(-196℃)让罐体内的深冷液体总是被比其气化温度还低的温度包围着,而且,因为存在中间液氮流通冷却了密封保温层的低温保温材料绝缘材料,导致绝缘材料的导热系数变低,而导热系数越低保温性能越好,故而进一步提高了该系统的保温性能、降低了蒸发率,故储罐内部的蒸发率大大降低,无排放和浪费,安全性好;即使当深冷液体储罐内储存的为气化温度低于液氮气化温度的深冷液体如液氢时,同样因为存在中间液氮流通冷却了密封保温层的低温保温材料绝缘材料,导致绝缘材料的导热系数变低,故提高了该系统的保温性能、降低了蒸发率,大大减少了排放和浪费,安全性好;而且使用过程中,罐内无需额外保留深冷液体用于罐体保冷,这样就保证了每次海上行程中,罐体中所有的深冷液体都可以充分使用,延长了可用时间,适应了航行需求;另外,该系统下的深冷液体储罐,在往新罐内充液体前,可以直接用往通道层通入液氮进行冷却罐体的方式来代替传统的往罐内通入液体降温的方式来降温罐体,可大大节约冷却用气成本,减少空气污染,而在往一般的刚用完的空罐中充液体前,因为罐体一直处于液氮冷却中,故可以直接充入液体,大大减少了重新冷却罐体的时间,成本降低;最后,这种方式,可以在内罐遇到撞击有泄露时用液氮进行防火保护的作用,安全性好,该系统尤其适用于海洋上工作用的深冷液体保存,尤其适用于海洋上船用,实用性极强,值得推广。
附图说明
为了易于说明,本发明由下述的具体实施例及附图作以详细描述。
图1为本发明实施例1的结构示意图;
图2为图1的细节图;
图3为本发明实施例2的细节结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1和图2所示,用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,包括深冷液体储罐,包括深冷液体储罐10,所述深冷液体储罐10由内而外,包含金属内罐层1、2层液氮通道和外保护层2,所述液氮通道从内到外包含依次设置的通道层3、密封保温层4,所述通道层3与金属内罐层1接触;各通道层上均连接有进液管道5、可与通道层双向流通的双向管道6和泄压管道7,所述进液管道5和双向管道6的另一端,均与设置在深冷液体储罐10外的液氮储罐或液氮发生器8连接,用于向通道层3通入液氮或回收液氮,所述泄压管道7伸出深冷液体储罐的密封保温层和外保护层外,所述深冷液体储罐10中可储存的深冷液体20,其气化温度高于或等于液氮的气化温度。
所述通道层3为开放的空腔结构或为由流通型开孔式绝缘材料构成,绝缘材料中的孔之间可相互连通,形成液氮可经过的通道。
通道层为流通型开孔式绝缘材料时,发泡主材为聚氨酯材料,其喷涂后,包含相互连通的气泡孔。
所述深冷液体储罐10内,金属内罐层1和外保护层2之间,设有2层液氮通道。
密封保温层4的外表面上,均附着设置有用于屏障液气的铝箔层。
所述通道层3、密封保温层4之间,还设有加强网层9。所述加强网层为玻璃纤维网或钢丝网。
所述深冷液体20为液化天然气、液化乙烯、液化石油气中的一种。
所述通道层3的厚度为5-50mm。
所述金属内罐层1为不锈钢材料制成。所述不锈钢材料的成分包含铝、不锈钢、N15%,Ni9%,锰。
所述金属内罐层1内表面上,还涂有底漆层。所述底漆层为绝缘粘结剂。
所述密封保温层4的厚度为5-35mm。
所述密封保温层4为闭孔式绝缘材料,发泡主材为相对于通道层的流通型开孔式的另一种孔大多数是闭合的聚氨酯材料喷涂而成,这种材料,市场上可以很容易购买到。
所述外保护层2由强化聚脲或与其强度等同的材料制成。
各管道为不锈钢管道。管道外包有保温层。
各管道上,均设有阀门。
通道层3,当其为开放的空腔的通道时,其形成机理可以是:通过先在金属内罐层外表面或保温层外表面涂覆可引起分离的化学药剂如亚甲基氯基溶剂,然后进行密封保温层的喷涂,待喷涂完成后,由于化学药剂引起的分离排开作用,达到金属内罐层或保温层与密封保温层之间分离排开形成一个开放的通道的效果;当其为由流通型开孔式绝缘材料构成的通道时,其形成机理可以是:使用的发泡材料喷涂后中间会产生很多可以相互连通的空泡,这些空泡,形成了可让液氮流通的通道层。
实施例2
如图3所示,金属内罐层1和通道层3不直接接触,其中间设有一层保温层11,保温层11的材料同密封保温层4,其余特征同实施例1,所述深冷液体储罐10中可储存的深冷液体20,其气化温度可高于等于或低于液氮的气化温度。
本发明的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,结构巧妙,通过在金属内罐层外设置液氮通道的方式,深冷液体储罐内储存的为气化温度高于或等于液氮气化温度的深冷液体时,利于液氮的超低气化温度(-196℃)让罐体内的深冷液体总是被比其气化温度还低的温度包围着,而且,因为存在中间液氮流通冷却了密封保温层的低温保温材料绝缘材料,导致绝缘材料的导热系数变低,而导热系数越低保温性能越好,故而进一步提高了该系统的保温性能、降低了蒸发率,故储罐内部的蒸发率大大降低,无排放和浪费,安全性好;即使当深冷液体储罐内储存的为气化温度低于液氮气化温度的深冷液体如液氢时,同样因为存在中间液氮流通冷却了密封保温层的低温保温材料绝缘材料,导致绝缘材料的导热系数变低,故提高了该系统的保温性能、降低了蒸发率,大大减少了排放和浪费,安全性好;而且使用过程中,罐内无需额外保留深冷液体用于罐体保冷,这样就保证了每次海上行程中,罐体中所有的深冷液体都可以充分使用,延长了可用时间,适应了航行需求;另外,该系统下的深冷液体储罐,在往新罐内充液体前,可以直接用往通道层通入液氮进行冷却罐体的方式来代替传统的往罐内通入液体降温的方式来降温罐体,可大大节约冷却用气成本,减少空气污染,而在往一般的刚用完的空罐中充液体前,因为罐体一直处于液氮冷却中,故可以直接充入液体,大大减少了重新冷却罐体的时间,成本降低;最后,这种方式,可以在内罐遇到撞击有泄露时用液氮进行防火保护的作用,安全性好,该系统尤其适用于海洋上工作用的深冷液体保存,尤其适用于海洋上船用,实用性极强,值得推广。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。
Claims (6)
1.用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,其特征在于,包括深冷液体储罐,所述深冷液体储罐由内而外,包含金属内罐层、至少一层液氮通道和外保护层,所述液氮通道从内到外包含依次设置的通道层和密封保温层;各通道层上均连接有进液管道、可与通道层双向流通的双向管道和泄压管道,所述进液管道和双向管道的另一端,均与设置在深冷液体储罐外的液氮储罐或液氮发生器连接,用于向通道层通入液氮或回收液氮,所述泄压管道伸出深冷液体储罐的密封保温层和外保护层外,当深冷液体储罐内用于储存气化温度高于或等于液氮气化温度的深冷液体时,所述通道层与金属内罐层直接接触或不直接接触;当深冷液体储罐用于盛装气化温度低于液氮气化温度的深冷液体时,所述通道层与金属内罐层不直接接触,中间至少设有一层保温层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,其特征在于,所述深冷液体储罐内,金属内罐层和外保护层之间,设有2层液氮通道。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,其特征在于,所述通道层、密封保温层之间,还设有加强网层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,其特征在于,所述通道层的厚度为5-50mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,其特征在于,所述密封保温层的厚度为5-35mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于海工深冷液体预冷、冷却的低蒸发率绝缘储存系统,其特征在于,所述通道层为开放的空腔结构或为由流通型开孔式绝缘材料构成。
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