CN110482500A - 一种多级氮气回收系统及回收方法 - Google Patents

一种多级氮气回收系统及回收方法 Download PDF

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CN110482500A
CN110482500A CN201910725256.1A CN201910725256A CN110482500A CN 110482500 A CN110482500 A CN 110482500A CN 201910725256 A CN201910725256 A CN 201910725256A CN 110482500 A CN110482500 A CN 110482500A
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channel
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expanding machine
heat exchanger
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赵云
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Jiangsu Xinjiuyang Environmental Protection Equipment Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多级氮气回收系统及回收方法：依次包括第一级回收系统、第二级回收系统，第一级回收系统是利用溶解‑扩散的原理，即分子通过膜向化学势降低的方向运动，由于混合气体中不同组分的气体通过膜时的速度不同，从而达到气体分离、回收气体的目的。氮气的分子区别于烯烃类、氢气类分子，经过多级分离的氮气纯度可达99%以上。本发明的第二级回收采用无动力膨胀深冷技术：利用有一定压力的气体在膨胀机内进行绝热膨胀对外做功而消耗气体本身的内能，从而使气体自身强烈地冷却而达到制冷的目的，氮气被液化回收，而产生如此低温并不需任何外界能耗、动力即可完成。本发明相对结构简单、流程简单、造价低廉、经济环保等优势。

Description

一种多级氮气回收系统及回收方法
技术领域
本发明涉及氮气回收领域，具体涉及一种多级氮气回收系统及回收方法。
背景技术
目前塑料厂、有机合成厂、石化厂在生产过程中大量使用氮气作为生产装置的惰性保护气体。经过使用的氮气因含杂烃类物质、氢气等变成不可再利用气体，产生极大资源浪费，同时装置在日常运行过程中必须再次生产提供大量的氮气，生产氮气需要消耗较多的电力资源，能源消耗日趋严重。
在此背景下，现有技术中的常用方法是选择将此类尾气通过焚烧的方式处理，通过燃烧的方式去除尾气中的烃类物质、氢气，这样一方面造成（烃类物质、氢气）浪费，另一方面燃烧的同时也会造成一定的污染。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的不足，本发明提供一种多级氮气回收系统，解决了现有技术中氮气回收资源浪费、有污染的问题。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：包括烯烃气分离膜、氢气分离膜、膨胀机、多通道换热器及储液罐，所述烯烃气分离膜的进料端连接原气体管道，所述烯烃气分离膜的出料端至少有两个，分别连接氢气分离膜的进料端、烯烃类液体回收管；
所述氢气分离膜的出料端至少有两个，其中一个连接氢气回收管道，另一个通过多通道换热器的a通道连接储液罐的进料端，储液罐的出料端k通过多通道换热器的b通道连接烯烃类液体回收管，储液罐的出料端j通过多通道换热器的c通道连接膨胀机的进料端m，膨胀机的进料端n通过多通道换热器的d通道连接膨胀机的进料端p，膨胀机的出料端q连接不凝气出口及膨胀机的进料端r。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，前述的一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：所述氢气分离膜内设有氢气优先透过膜，所述氢气优先透过膜连接烯烃气分离膜的出料端g。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，前述的一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：所述膨胀机是无动力膨胀机。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，前述的一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：还包括气体过滤器，所述气体过滤器的进料端、出料端分别连接原气体管道、烯烃气分离膜的进料端。
一种多级氮气回收方法，其特征在于：按照以下步骤工作：
原气体经过烯烃气分离膜分别进入至氢气分离膜、烯烃类液体回收管；
气体经过氢气分离膜分别进入至氢气回收管道、多通道换热器的a通道；
气体经过多通道换热器的a通道降温、冷凝之后，液化后的烃类进入储液罐；
储液罐内的液体经过换热器的b通道，冷量再次回用后输送至烯烃类液体回收管；储液罐内的气体经过多通道换热器的c通道进入至膨胀机的进料端m；
气体从膨胀机的出料端n依次经过多通道换热器的d通道、膨胀机的进料端p、膨胀机的出料端q进入至不凝气出口及膨胀机的进料端r。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，前述的一种多级氮气回收方法，其特征在于：原气体进入至烯烃气分离膜之前还经过气体过滤器。
本发明所达到的有益效果：
本发明应用膜分离技术（第一级回收）是利用溶解-扩散的原理，即分子通过膜向化学势降低的方向运动，首先运动至膜的外表面层上，并溶解于膜中，然后在膜的内部扩散至膜的内表面层解吸，其推动力为膜两侧的该气体分压差，由于混合气体中不同组分的气体通过膜时的速度不同，从而达到气体分离、回收气体的目的。氮气的分子区别于烯烃类、氢气类分子，经过多级分离的氮气纯度可达99%以上。
本发明的第二级回收采用无动力膨胀深冷技术：其原理是利用有一定压力的气体在膨胀机内进行绝热膨胀对外做功而消耗气体本身的内能，从而使气体自身强烈地冷却而达到制冷的目的，制冷温度可低至-198℃，在此温度下，氮气被液化回收，而产生如此低温并不需任何外界能耗、动力即可完成。
本发明提供一种多效多级回收系统，能够有效解决原有现状造成大量的浪费并对环境产生影响实际问题；而且本技术相对结构简单、流程简单、造价低廉、经济环保等优势。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构原理图。
附图标记的含义：1-氢气回收管道；2-原气体管道；3-烯烃类液体回收管；4-气体过滤器；5-烯烃气分离膜；6-氢气分离膜；7-膨胀机；8-多通道换热器；9-储液罐；10-不凝气出口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示：本实施例公开了一种多级氮气回收系统，包括烯烃气分离膜5、氢气分离膜6、膨胀机7、多通道换热器8及储液罐9，烯烃气分离膜5的进料端连接原气体管道2，烯烃气分离膜5的出料端至少有两个，包括出料端g和出料端h，出料端g、出料端h分别连接氢气分离膜6的进料端e、烯烃类液体回收管3。
氢气分离膜6的出料端至少有两个，包括出料端e和出料端f，其中一个（出料端e）连接氢气回收管道1，另一个（出料端f）通过多通道换热器8的a通道连接储液罐9的进料端，储液罐9的出料端k通过多通道换热器8的b通道连接烯烃类液体回收管3，储液罐9的出料端j通过多通道换热器8的c通道连接膨胀机7的进料端m，膨胀机7的进料端n通过多通道换热器8的d通道连接膨胀机7的进料端p，膨胀机7的出料端q连接不凝气出口10及膨胀机7的进料端r。
具体的，氢气分离膜6内设有氢气优先透过膜，氢气优先透过膜连接烯烃气分离膜5的出料端g。在氢气优先透过膜的作用下，其余组分不易透过，以满足尾气回收系统排出氢气的需求。膨胀机7优选无动力膨胀机。
为了过滤掉气体中可能存在的颗粒物及游离液体，最大程度保护后阶段膜体（烯烃气分离膜5与氢气分离膜6）；本实施例还包括气体过滤器4，气体过滤器4的进料端、出料端分别连接原气体管道2、烯烃气分离膜5的进料端。
本实施例还公开了一种多级氮气回收方法，包括两级回收，具体过程如下：
第一级：使用之后的氮气依次经过原气体管道2、气体过滤器4进入至烯烃气分离膜5，当经过气体过滤器4时，其中的颗粒物及游离液体被过滤，最大程度保护后阶段膜体，混合气体在烯烃气分离膜5的作用下分离出烯烃气组分气体，烯烃气组分气体经烯烃类液体回收管3排出，剩余气体进入至氢气分离膜6，在氢气分离膜6内氢气优先透过膜的作用下，氢气流向氢气回收管道1。至此，使用之后的氮气完成了第一级过滤，原料气中的烯烃气组分及氢气组分已被分离回收。
第二级：多通道换热器8至少包括a、b、c、d四个换热通道，其中经第一级处理之后的氮气进入至多通道换热器8的a通道进行降温、冷凝，经过换热器8冷凝后将原气体剩余烃类冷凝液化，液化后的烃类进入储液罐9。
储液罐9内液体经过换热器8的b通道，冷量再次回用后输送至烯烃类液体回收管3。
储液罐9内不凝气主要为氮气，氮气经过换热器8的c通道预冷后进入膨胀机7，在上述过程中，气体自身的压力没有较大变化，经过膨胀冷凝的低温氮气（约-198℃）换热器8的d通道与换热器8的c通道换热降温。气体c通道进入至膨胀机7的进料端m；气体从膨胀机7的出料端n依次经过多通道换热器8的d通道、膨胀机7的进料端p、膨胀机7的出料端q进入至不凝气出口10及膨胀机7的进料端r。
经过膨胀机7与换热器8的作用，将其中的部分高沸点组分冷凝下来，从而达到分离有效组分的目的，制冷温度可低至-198℃，在此温度下，氮气被液化回收，而产生如此低温并不需任何外界能耗、动力即可完成。换热器8有低温凝液口，有凝液时自动排放。
本发明应用膜分离技术（第一级回收）是利用溶解-扩散的原理，即分子通过膜向化学势降低的方向运动，首先运动至膜的外表面层上，并溶解于膜中，然后在膜的内部扩散至膜的内表面层解吸，其推动力为膜两侧的该气体分压差，由于混合气体中不同组分的气体通过膜时的速度不同，从而达到气体分离、回收气体的目的。氮气的分子区别于烯烃类、氢气类分子，经过多级分离的氮气纯度可达99%以上。
本发明的第二级回收采用无动力膨胀深冷技术：其原理是利用有一定压力的气体在膨胀机内进行绝热膨胀对外做功而消耗气体本身的内能，从而使气体自身强烈地冷却而达到制冷的目的，制冷温度可低至-198℃，在此温度下，氮气被液化回收，而产生如此低温并不需任何外界能耗、动力即可完成。
本发明提供一种多效多级回收系统，能够有效解决原有现状造成大量的浪费并对环境产生影响实际问题；而且本技术相对结构简单、流程简单、造价低廉、经济环保等优势。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：包括烯烃气分离膜（5）、氢气分离膜（6）、膨胀机（7）、多通道换热器（8）及储液罐（9），所述烯烃气分离膜（5）的进料端连接原气体管道（2），所述烯烃气分离膜（5）的出料端至少有两个，分别连接氢气分离膜（6）的进料端、烯烃类液体回收管（3）；
所述氢气分离膜（6）的出料端至少有两个，其中一个连接氢气回收管道（1），另一个通过多通道换热器（8）的a通道连接储液罐（9）的进料端，储液罐（9）的出料端k通过多通道换热器（8）的b通道连接烯烃类液体回收管（3），储液罐（9）的出料端j通过多通道换热器（8）的c通道连接膨胀机（7）的进料端m，膨胀机（7）的进料端n通过多通道换热器（8）的d通道连接膨胀机（7）的进料端p，膨胀机（7）的出料端q连接不凝气出口（10）及膨胀机（7）的进料端r。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：所述氢气分离膜（6）内设有氢气优先透过膜，所述氢气优先透过膜连接烯烃气分离膜（5）的出料端g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：所述膨胀机（7）是无动力膨胀机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多级氮气回收系统，其特征在于：还包括气体过滤器（4），所述气体过滤器（4）的进料端、出料端分别连接原气体管道（2）、烯烃气分离膜（5）的进料端。
5.一种多级氮气回收方法，其特征在于：按照以下步骤工作：
原气体经过烯烃气分离膜（5）分别进入至氢气分离膜（6）、烯烃类液体回收管（3）；
气体经过氢气分离膜（6）分别进入至氢气回收管道（1）、多通道换热器（8）的a通道；
气体经过多通道换热器（8）的a通道降温、冷凝之后，液化后的烃类进入储液罐（9）；
储液罐（9）内的液体经过换热器（8）的b通道，冷量再次回用后输送至烯烃类液体回收管（3）；储液罐（9）内的气体经过多通道换热器（8）的c通道进入至膨胀机（7）的进料端m；
气体从膨胀机（7）的出料端n依次经过多通道换热器（8）的d通道、膨胀机（7）的进料端p、膨胀机（7）的出料端q进入至不凝气出口（10）及膨胀机（7）的进料端r。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种多级氮气回收方法，其特征在于：原气体进入至烯烃气分离膜（5）之前还经过气体过滤器（4）。
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