CN110481133B - 一种多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板及其制备方法，该板材是由2至10层单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板上下胶合在一起形成的，则单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的至少一个面层成为了多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的隔纸层；单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板包括上、下面层以及中间的蜂窝状芯层，整体高度2‑10cm；蜂窝状芯层为正六边形结构，蜂窝状芯层中填充秸秆碎末，空隙率为60%‑80%。多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的上下面板上各覆盖一层复合防火纸；隔纸层上涂覆有聚合物水泥基防水涂料层。本发明提高了纸质蜂窝夹芯板的硬度和刚度，防水防火、隔热保温。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纸质蜂窝板，尤其是涉及多层的纸质蜂窝夹芯板及其制备方法。
背景技术
纸质蜂窝夹芯板具有优异的力学性能，可以代替木材，黏土砖和发泡聚苯乙烯等，可广泛应用于包装、建筑、集装运输等行业。但是，纸质蜂窝夹芯板的强度、刚度仍具有很大提升空间，且防火、防水性较差，隔热保温效果也不够理想，达不到使用者的需求。
蜂窝板传热主要有以下三种传递方式：(1)通过蜂窝壁的固体热传导；(2)内部气体的对流传热；(3)蜂窝腔内表面间因温差所引起的辐射传热。目前研究均从这三个角度，减弱各传递方式的传热程度，研究出相应的隔热改进方法。
发明内容
为了解决现有的纸质蜂窝夹芯板的强度、刚度需要提升，防火、防水和隔热保温效能且需要增强的问题，本发明提供一种多层的纸质蜂窝夹芯板及其制备方法，是在上下面层覆盖复合防火纸保证其防火性能优良，且在隔纸层涂覆聚合物水泥基防水涂料层提高防水效能，起到先防火再防水的作用；此外，通过独特的蜂窝芯与面纸板交替叠层形式，以多个小厚度的蜂窝芯层替换单个大厚度蜂窝芯层，加之高空隙率的秸秆填充，可有效减小蜂窝内局部对流传热，提高纸质蜂窝夹芯板的隔热以及保温性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板，是由2至10层单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板上下胶合在一起形成的，则单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的至少一个面层成为了多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的隔纸层；单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板包括上、下面层以及中间的蜂窝状芯层，整体高度2-10cm。
所述上、下面层、中间的芯层均由牛卡纸制成。
所述蜂窝状芯层为正六边形结构，蜂窝状芯层中填充秸秆碎末，空隙率为60％-80％。
多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的上下面板上各覆盖一层复合防火纸，复合防火纸含有海泡石30％，硅酸铝纤维60％，石英粉10％组成的无机阻燃物。
隔纸层上涂覆有聚合物水泥基防水涂料层。
多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的制备方法，步骤如下：
(1)、蜂窝芯经过拉伸定型，保证各蜂窝拉伸充分和孔径分布均匀，用限宽方式均匀用力拉开纸芯，并平铺在平板上；
(2)、将下面层与蜂窝芯板粘贴、分切，为减少胶液用量和半成品的含水率，采用芯纸端面上胶方式将下面层与芯层黏结；
(3)、中间蜂窝芯层填充秸秆碎末，采用随机倾倒填充方法填充，空隙率约60-80％；
(4)、黏贴上面层；
(5)、由2至10层单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板上下胶合在一起的，则单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的至少一个面层成为了多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的隔纸层；
隔纸层分隔芯板形成的空腔和以及中间蜂窝芯层填充秸秆碎末形成的微细空隙内存在辐射传热，形成分区局域热辐射传热现象。
隔纸层上涂覆有聚合物水泥基防水涂料层；
(6)所述蜂窝结构夹芯板最上、下表面层、中间的多芯层以及隔纸层均由牛卡纸材质。多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的上下面板上各覆盖一层复合防火纸，复合防火纸含有海泡石30％，硅酸铝纤维60％，石英粉10％组成的无机阻燃物。
本发明以叠层蜂窝芯层以及高空隙率的秸秆填充为基础，与聚合物水泥基防水涂料层与复合防火纸相互耦合，起到以下三个强化作用：
1、该叠层蜂窝结构夹芯板的叠层蜂窝壁，通过减小壁厚，增加层数的方法可有效阻止局部对流传热，有效增强蜂窝夹层板的保温隔热效果；
2、单个蜂窝内的填充秸秆之间存在空腔和大量的微细空隙，并具有相当高的空隙率，辐射空间由单元蜂窝缩小到空腔和微细空隙内的辐射传热，形成分区局域热辐射传热现象，可有效减小蜂窝内的空腔，阻止辐射传热和局部对流传；
3、在上下面层覆盖复合防热纸可大大提高纸质蜂窝夹芯板的防火，另外，在隔纸层涂覆聚合物水泥基防水涂料，防水性能优异。因其夹芯结构，可起到先防火在防水的功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的芯层结构示意图；
图2为本发明中板材导热系数测试图；
图3为本发明中蜂窝壁热辐射计算示意图；
图4为本发明中各厚度λE的理论计算值、实验值及各种传热方式占比对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例，对本发明作详细说明：
图1为本发明的芯层结构示意图，参照图1所示，单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板包括上、下面层以及中间的蜂窝状芯层，上、下面层和芯层分别为110g/m2和170g/m2的A级牛卡纸，实测厚度分别为0.19mm和0.22mm，高度2-10cm。
本发明的多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板是由2至10层上述单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板上下胶合在一起形成的，则单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的至少一个面层成为了多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的隔纸层，则该多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板高度是单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的总和。相比于传统制备的等总高度的单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板，其蜂窝状芯层竖直方向上分隔成了2-10个小的腔室。蜂窝状芯层为正六边形、各边长为16mm。蜂窝状芯层中填充高空隙率秸秆碎末，空隙率为78％。
多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的上下面板上各覆盖有一层复合防火纸，隔纸层上涂覆有聚合物水泥基防水涂料层。复合防火纸是含有海泡石30％，硅酸铝纤维60％，石英粉10％组成的无机阻燃物。
蜂窝芯经过拉伸定型，保证各蜂窝拉伸充分和孔径分布均匀，用限宽方式均匀用力拉开纸芯，并平铺在平板上；再以孔径比大于0.8为标准，微调拉伸长度。为防止纸芯回弹，用重物压实固定整个拉伸边24h。
胶粘剂采用聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液，为防止发生沉淀，涂胶前将胶液搅拌均匀。下面层需粘贴、分切，为减少胶液用量和半成品的含水率，采用芯纸端面上胶方式将下面层与芯层黏结，在压强为1Kpa的压力和常温条件下养护24小时后，切掉周边拉伸不够充分的部分，将剩余部分分切成300×300mm2的导热系数测试标准试件。
纸蜂窝板的制备精度导致单元蜂窝并非理想的密闭空间，同时，纸蜂窝壁与空气的导热性能存在差异，这将导致靠近蜂窝壁的气体存在横向温度梯度。因此，腔内空气事实上很难做到上述理想状态而无气流扰动。即实验过程中会受到起始时微弱的气流扰动而出现局部对流的情况。由于对流传热效果往往比导热效果强，因此，即便是产生较弱的局部对流，也会对隔热效果产生较大的影响。所以，制作蜂窝芯层时需要计算出合适的蜂窝壁厚度h保证优良的隔热效果。
如图2所示，采用导热系数试验计算各厚度蜂窝壁对应的蜂窝夹芯板的实验当量导热系数λEE，依据ASTM C518-17标准，用热流法对λE值进行测定，仪器为HFM436/3Lambda热流计。系统的热板和冷板的面积为300×300mm2，考虑到热带、亚热带等全球人口密集区的夏季常见高温在40℃左右和室内人体舒适温度，热、冷板分别设定为th＝40℃和tc＝25℃，设备系统通过控制加载大小自动使试件在冷、热板间夹持紧密，测试中每个试件的厚度被系统自动记录。如图3所示。测试前，为减小湿度对测试结果的影响，试件在温度为20℃、相对湿度为70％、通风良好的环境下养护24小时。
如图3所示，纸蜂窝板可看作由众多独立的六边形蜂窝单元排列而成，从中取出一个单元作为研究对象进行计算分析。在封闭的蜂窝腔内，因蜂窝壁的厚度远小于另外两个方向上的尺寸，且无内热源，导热系数λ为常数，因此，其温度沿高度方向呈一维线性分布。将蜂窝壁沿高度分解成等宽的n个单元A31、A32、A33……A3n(板厚h＝10～20mm时，n＝10，h＝40～60mm时，n＝20)，并在该单元内近似认为温度均匀分布，根据理论计算公式1得到各厚度蜂窝壁对应的蜂窝夹芯板的理论计算当量导热系数λEC。
其中，λR为辐射当量导热系数，λA为对流当量导热系数，λW为蜂窝壁导热系数，Aa为蜂窝所占面积，A为蜂窝壁与蜂窝的总面积。
如图4得出，随着板厚的增加，λEC先大后小、λEE先小后大，形成了以交点IP为轴心的“剪刀形”变化关系；从传热方式的比重柱状图可知，计算的λRC值在λEC值中的占比约为60％-80％(实测值的为50％-70％左右)。至于局部对流的起始板厚，因其影响因素较多，但就图4中的“剪刀形”变化而言，局部对流的起始板厚区间大致为h＝15～20mm，考虑到实际隔纸板的厚度，对于单层厚为30-60mm的蜂窝板，可通过若干层h＝2-10mm的叠层蜂窝芯进行代替，以减少局部对流对较大h值的蜂窝板的负面影响，进而降低蜂窝板的当量导热系数λE值。
Claims (2)
1.一种多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板，其特征在于，是由2至10层单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板上下胶合在一起形成的，单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的至少一个面层成为了多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的隔纸层；
单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板包括上、下面层以及中间的蜂窝状芯层，整体高度2-10cm；
所述蜂窝状芯层为正六边形结构，蜂窝状芯层中填充秸秆碎末，空隙率为60%-80%；所述的多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的上下面板上各覆盖一层复合防火纸；
隔纸层上涂覆有聚合物水泥基防水涂料层；
所述上、下面层、中间的芯层均为牛卡纸材质;
复合防火纸含有海泡石30%，硅酸铝纤维60%，石英粉10%组成的无机阻燃物。
2.权利要求1所述的多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
（1）、蜂窝芯经过拉伸定型，并平铺在平板上；
（2）、将下面层与蜂窝芯板粘贴、分切；
（3）、中间蜂窝芯层填充秸秆碎末，采用随机倾倒方式填充；
（4）、黏贴上面层与中间蜂窝芯层；
（5）、将2至10层单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板上下胶合在一起，单层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的至少一个面层成为了多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的隔纸层；隔纸层上涂覆有聚合物水泥基防水涂料层；隔纸层分隔芯板形成的空腔和中间蜂窝芯层填充秸秆碎末形成的微细空隙内存在辐射传热，形成分区局域热辐射传热现象；
（6）、多层纸质蜂窝夹芯板的上下面板上各覆盖一层复合防火纸，复合防火纸含有海泡石30%，硅酸铝纤维60%，石英粉10%组成的无机阻燃物。
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