CN110474057A - A kind of preparation method and application of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method and application of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110474057A
CN110474057A CN201910811074.6A CN201910811074A CN110474057A CN 110474057 A CN110474057 A CN 110474057A CN 201910811074 A CN201910811074 A CN 201910811074A CN 110474057 A CN110474057 A CN 110474057A
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lignocellulose
preparation
oxygen reduction
biomass
biomass carbon
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郝晓琼
郝晓刚
蒋仲庆
田小宁
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of preparation method and applications of oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon.Including three hydrothermal pretreatment, high temperature thermal response, pickling steps, using the agricultural wastes rich in lignocellulosic as raw material, resulting graphitized carbon catalyst has microcellular structure abundant, the specific surface area of super large, excellent hydrogen reduction electrocatalysis characteristic, the zinc-air battery assembled power density with higher and excellent discharge performance.The present invention not only makes abandoned biomass recycling, but also nontoxic, low in cost, the easy to operate easy industrialized production of preparation process, has preferable economic benefit and wide prospects for commercial application.

Description

A kind of preparation side of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon Method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon and its Using belonging to electro-catalysis technical field.
Background technique
In recent years, the demand due to Global climate change and to the energy constantly increases, and scientific circles and industrial circle are gradually Focus is turned to the exploration of renewable energy and energy storage device.Zinc-air battery is as a kind of energy storage device, because of its theoretical ratio Energy height (1086Wh/kg), zinc is cheap and advantages of environment protection is by favor.Wherein, electrocatalyst for cathode is zinc sky The core component in pneumoelectric pond directly determines its service performance and value.Commercial cathodic oxygen reduction catalyst is main at present It is noble metal platinum, catalytic performance is good, but noble metal reserves are rare, expensive.Therefore, in order to further push zinc air It is particularly important to develop cheap and excellent catalytic performance oxygen reduction electro-catalyst for the extensive development of battery and application.It is more The one kind of hole carbon material as oxygen reduction catalyst generally has high-specific surface area, high porosity, controllable bore diameter, good stable The characteristics of performance, has much application prospect in electro-catalysis technical field.However, the preparation process of current most porous carbon materials It is more complicated, to prepare cost of material higher, limit its industrialized production and application to a certain extent.
There are a large amount of agricultural wastes in China every year, and most of abandoned biomass is rich in lignocellulosic, with wood Matter cellulose series biomass, which prepares porous carbon materials for raw material, can greatly reduce the cost of oxygen reduction catalyst.Meanwhile wood The unique structure of matter cellulose series biomass is conducive to the formation of carbon material network porous structure, this can not only be effectively facilitated electricity Son transfer and mass transfer, but also the specific surface area of material can be improved, so that more active sites are exposed, into And improve catalytic performance.In addition, can effectively change material surface knot by introducing hetero-atoms (such as N atom) in the conversion process Structure increases the basic sites of material surface, enhances its hydrophily, and then carbon material is made to show more preferably catalytic performance.To sum up institute It states, preparing N doping graphitization porous carbon using lignocellulose-like biomass has good prospects for commercial application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of preparation method and applications of cheap porous carbon materials, specially a kind of base In the preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst of lignocellulose-like biomass carbon and its application in zinc-air battery.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, packets Include following steps:
(1) hydrothermal pretreatment: the lignocellulose-like biomass crushed after giving a dinner of welcome drying is placed in ptfe autoclave, It is that deionized water is added in 1:50- 150 according to solid-to-liquid ratio, control reaction temperature is 80-200 DEG C of reaction 12-24 h, and reaction terminates After be separated by solid-liquid separation, then be washed with deionized water 3 times, dry;
(2) high temperature pyrolysis reaction: taking step (1) obtained solid sample, and transition metal salt and nitrogen substance is added, and is sufficiently mixed It after even, places it in tube furnace, carries out high temperature pyrolysis reaction under inert gas protection;
(3) pickling: being added excessive 0.1-5M acid solution in the solid product obtained to step (2), stirs 0.5-1 h, then It is separated by solid-liquid separation, and solid product is washed with deionized to neutrality, drying is graphitized porous carbon oxygen also to get to N doping Former elctro-catalyst.
Step (1) hydrothermal pretreatment process, cellulose and hemicellulose are sent out at high temperature in lignocellulose-like biomass First portion degradation, forms loose cellular structure, is conducive to remove impurity remained on surface, while also helping subsequent high temperature Reactant enters duct in pyrolytic reaction, promotes the progress of high temperature thermal response.
Further, the lignocellulose-like biomass in step (1) be selected from wheat stalk, corn stover, rice straw, One of corncob, bagasse.
Further, the transition metal salt in step (2) is one of ferric trichloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride or more Kind, addition transition metal salt is conducive to improve lignocellulosic biomass conversion to be degree of graphitization during porous carbon, thus Be conducive to improve catalytic performance.
Further, the nitrogen substance in step (2) is one of urea, melamine, dicyandiamide or a variety of mixed Close object;Nitrogen substance is added, can effectively change material surface structure, increase the basic sites of material surface, enhance its hydrophily, into And carbon material is made to show the reversible catalytic performance of oxygen.
Further, the mass ratio of the solid sample in step (2) and transition metal salt is 5:1-50;Solid sample with contain The mass ratio of nitrogen material is 1:1-20.
Further, the pyrolysis temperature of the high temperature pyrolysis reaction in step (2) is 500-1000 DEG C;Heating rate is 2- 10℃/min;Pyrolysis time is 2-10 h.
Further, the acid solution in step (3) be one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, it is anti-for washing high temperature pyrolysis The oxide for answering process to generate avoids it and blocks duct influence catalytic performance.
The present invention provides the above-mentioned oxygen reduction electro-catalysts based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon in zinc-air battery In application.
The application process is that the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst of lignocellulose-like biomass carbon is used as zinc-air battery Cathode, metal zinc metal sheet makees anode, and potassium hydroxide solution makees electrolyte.In zinc-air battery discharge process, cathod catalyst Surface the reduction reaction of oxygen can occur;Anode zinc piece will form zinc ion;The potential difference that two half-reactions are formed constitutes Zinc-air primary battery, and produce electric energy.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention is using abundance and cheap lignocellulose-like biomass is raw material, prepares N doping graphitization Porous C catalyst has the performance close or even more excellent with precious metals pt, significantly reduces system as elctro-catalyst Standby cost provides a kind of new way of elctro-catalyst preparation, while being also the processing and high level of lignocellulose-like biomass Change and new approaches are provided;
(2) present invention is carbon source using lignocellulose-like biomass, and unique structure is conducive to go after simply pre-processing The carbonization of carbon material, graphitization, more is completed at the same time at loose cellular structure, then by the method for simple step high temperature pyrolysis The process in hole and doping, preparation is simple, and step is few, is suitable for being mass produced;
(3) hydrothermal pretreatment of the invention advantageously forms loose cellular structure, has effectively removed impurity remained on surface, together When can also make transition metal salt and nitrogen substance enter duct be conducive to thermal response progress;Addition transition metal salt improves carbon materials Degree of graphitization is expected, to improve its catalytic performance;Addition nitrogen substance effectively changes material surface structure, increases material table The basic sites in face enhance its hydrophily, and then carbon material is made to show the reversible catalytic performance of oxygen;Pickling eliminates high temperature thermal response The oxide that process generates avoids it and blocks duct, thus gained N doping graphitization porous carbon oxygen reduction electro-catalyst tool There is excellent catalytic performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to prepare the XRD diagram that N doping is graphitized porous carbon elctro-catalyst by raw material of wheat stalk in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is to be shown in embodiment 1 using the preparation process that wheat stalk prepares N doping graphitization porous carbon elctro-catalyst as raw material It is intended to;
Fig. 3 is that wheat stalk raw material in embodiment 1, the N doping prepared using wheat stalk as raw material are graphitized porous carbon electro-catalysis The electrocatalysis characteristic comparison diagram of agent and noble metal platinum;
Fig. 4 be in embodiment 2 using wheat stalk as raw material prepare N doping be graphitized porous carbon elctro-catalyst BET scheme (a) and Graph of pore diameter distribution (b);
Fig. 5 is to be graphitized porous carbon as cathod catalyst, group to the N doping that wheat stalk is raw material preparation in embodiment 2 Power density comparison diagram after dressing up zinc-air battery;
Fig. 6 be use in embodiment 3 to corncob be raw material preparation N doping graphitization porous carbon as cathod catalyst oneself The battery of system drives the picture of " TYUT " LED light;
Fig. 7 is to use in embodiment 4 to be graphitized porous carbon as cathod catalyst self-control to the N doping that straw is raw material preparation Battery drive " ESIX " LED light picture.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment, but is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
One kind prepares N doping graphitization porous carbon elctro-catalyst, uses X-ray diffractometer (X-Ray using wheat stalk as raw material Diffractomer, XRD) carry out structural characterization.As shown in Figure 1, the characteristic diffraction peak of point corresponds to graphitized carbon (002), explanation Treated that biomass carbon degree of graphitization is higher for this method, good conductivity.
Specific synthesis process schematic diagram is as shown in Fig. 2, mainly comprise the steps that
(1) hydrothermal pretreatment: after wheat stalk is crushed drying of giving a dinner of welcome first, being placed in ptfe autoclave, according to solid Liquor ratio is that deionized water is added in 1:50, and control reaction temperature is 80 DEG C of 12 h of reaction, is separated by solid-liquid separation after reaction, then use Deionization is washed 3 times, drying;
(2) high temperature pyrolysis carbonization and nitrating: 10g step (1) obtained solid sample is taken, 5g cobalt chloride and 10g urea is added, sufficiently After mixing, it places it in tube furnace, carries out high temperature pyrolysis reaction under inert gas protection;
(3) pickling: being added excessive 1M hydrochloric acid solution in the solid product obtained to step (2), stir 0.5 h, then carry out It is separated by solid-liquid separation, and solid product is washed with deionized to neutrality, drying is graphitized porous carbon electro-catalysis to get to N doping Agent.
As shown in Figure 2 (d) shows, finally obtained graphitization porous carbon has ultra-thin lamellar structure, which is conducive to more More active sites and electrolyte contacts, to accelerate reaction rate.
Hydrogen reduction and its zinc-air battery Performance Evaluation:
N doping obtained graphitization porous carbon oxygen reduction electro-catalyst electrode material is coated on rotating circular disk working electrode, Ag/AgCl is reference electrode, and platinum filament is to electrode, and electrolyte is 0.1M KOH, as shown in figure 3, measuring with wheat stalk as original The hydrogen reduction performance of the N doping graphitization porous carbon elctro-catalyst of material preparation is substantially better than the wheat stalk without any processing Hydrogen reduction performance, and its half wave potential and limiting current density are almost close with noble metal platinum;
Embodiment 2:
Difference from Example 1 is: solid-to-liquid ratio is that deionized water is added in 1:100 in step (1), and control reaction temperature is 100 DEG C of reaction 16h;3g step (1) obtained solid sample is taken in step (2), and 5g nickel chloride and 12g urea is added.Such as Fig. 4 institute Show, N doping graphitization porous carbon elctro-catalyst specific surface area obtained is up to 1483m2/ g, and aperture is 1-3nm, Kong Jie Structure is abundant, is conducive to active site exposure, is conducive to coming into full contact with for active material and electrolyte.As shown in figure 5, by the catalysis After agent is assembled into zinc-air battery as cathode material, zinc-air battery that power density ratio is assembled with precious metals platinum catalyst Height has good application value.
Embodiment 3:
Difference from Example 1 is: using corncob as biomass material, in step (1) solid-to-liquid ratio be 1:150 addition go from Sub- water, control reaction temperature are 160 DEG C of reaction 14h;2g step (1) obtained solid sample is taken in step (2), and 5g iron chloride is added With 12g melamine.Its N doping graphitization porous carbon elctro-catalyst performance and precious metals platinum catalyst similar performance obtained, After the catalyst is assembled into zinc-air battery as cathode material, performance is splendid, as shown in fig. 6, homemade with the catalyst Zinc-air battery can drive the photo of " TYUT " LED light, have very big use value and application prospect.
Embodiment 4:
Difference from Example 1 is: using straw as biomass material, solid-to-liquid ratio is that deionization is added in 1:120 in step (1) Water, control reaction temperature are 150 DEG C of reaction 16h;Take 1g step (1) obtained solid sample in step (2), be added 4g iron chloride and 8g melamine.Hydrogen reduction performance and precious metals platinum catalyst similar performance, as shown in fig. 7, empty with the homemade zinc of the catalyst Pneumoelectric pond can drive the photo of " ESIX " LED light.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, it is characterised in that: including Following steps:
(1) hydrothermal pretreatment: the lignocellulose-like biomass crushed after giving a dinner of welcome drying is placed in ptfe autoclave, It is that deionized water is added in 1:50-150 according to solid-to-liquid ratio, control reaction temperature is 80-200 DEG C of reaction 12-24 h, and reaction terminates After be separated by solid-liquid separation, then be washed with deionized water 3 times, dry;
(2) high temperature pyrolysis reaction: taking step (1) obtained solid sample, and transition metal salt and nitrogen substance is added, and is sufficiently mixed It after even, places it in tube furnace, carries out high temperature pyrolysis reaction under inert gas protection;
(3) pickling: excessive acid solution is added in the solid product obtained to step (2), stirs 0.5-1 h, then carries out solid-liquid Separation, and solid product is washed with deionized to neutrality, drying is graphitized porous carbon hydrogen reduction electro-catalysis to get to N doping Agent.
2. the preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst according to claim 1 based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, It is characterized by: the lignocellulose-like biomass in step (1) is selected from wheat stalk, corn stover, rice straw, corn One of core, bagasse;During hydrothermal pretreatment, cellulose and hemicellulose are in high temperature in lignocellulose-like biomass First portion degradation is issued, loose cellular structure is formed.
3. the preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst according to claim 1 based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, It is characterized by: the transition metal salt in step (2) is one or more of ferric trichloride, cobalt chloride, nickel chloride.
4. the preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst according to claim 1 based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, It is characterized by: the nitrogen substance in step (2) is one of urea, melamine, dicyandiamide or a variety of mixtures.
5. the preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst according to claim 1 based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, It is characterized by: the mass ratio of solid sample and transition metal salt in step (2) is 5:1-50;Solid sample and nitrogen substance Mass ratio be 1:1-20.
6. the preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst according to claim 1 based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, It is characterized by: the pyrolysis temperature of the high temperature pyrolysis reaction in step (2) is 500-1000 DEG C;Heating rate be 2-10 DEG C/ min;Pyrolysis time is 2-10 h.
7. the preparation method of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst according to claim 1 based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon, It is characterized by: the acid solution in step (3) is one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, the concentration of acid solution is 0.1-5M.
8. the oxygen based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon made from a kind of described in any item preparation methods of claim 1 ~ 7 is also Former elctro-catalyst.
9. a kind of oxygen reduction electro-catalyst according to any one of claims 8 based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon is in zinc-air battery In application.
CN201910811074.6A 2019-08-30 2019-08-30 A kind of preparation method and application of the oxygen reduction electro-catalyst based on lignocellulose-like biomass carbon Pending CN110474057A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN111129531A (en) * 2020-01-06 2020-05-08 西安航空职业技术学院 Preparation method of cobalt-nitrogen co-doped biomass carbon zinc-air battery catalyst
CN111129522A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-05-08 同济大学 Preparation and application of nickel-iron alloy/nitrogen-doped carbon fiber serving as zinc-air battery oxygen electrocatalyst
CN111229288A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-05 青岛科技大学 Mo loaded by carbon fiber paperboard2C/NC catalyst, preparation method and application thereof
CN113060719A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-02 山东省科学院新材料研究所 Wood-based carbon foam and preparation method thereof, cathode electrocatalyst, cathode and metal-air battery
CN113388857A (en) * 2021-06-08 2021-09-14 河北师范大学 Method for preparing integral sacrificial anode for hydrogen production by electrolyzing water by utilizing wood fiber biomass
CN114023980A (en) * 2021-11-05 2022-02-08 常州大学 Preparation method of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material based on furfural residues and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material
CN114107405A (en) * 2020-08-25 2022-03-01 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Method for preparing lignocellulose biomass coproduction acid and nitrogen-rich carbon-based oxygen reduction catalyst
CN114108024A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-01 内蒙古工业大学 Coal-based sacrificial electrode and preparation method and application thereof
CN115058794A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-16 雅迪科技集团有限公司 Carbon fiber material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN115709994A (en) * 2022-11-14 2023-02-24 长春大学 Method for preparing graphitized carbon by using corn straw liquefaction method
CN116581306A (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-08-11 黑龙江大学 Plant fiber derived transition metal porous nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

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CN104785283A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-22 江西师范大学 Method for preparing efficient oxygen reduction catalyst from straw and application of efficient oxygen reduction catalyst to neutral battery
CN108199053A (en) * 2018-01-04 2018-06-22 吉林大学 A kind of preparation method of high efficiency, low cost oxygen reduction catalyst

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CN104785283A (en) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-22 江西师范大学 Method for preparing efficient oxygen reduction catalyst from straw and application of efficient oxygen reduction catalyst to neutral battery
CN108199053A (en) * 2018-01-04 2018-06-22 吉林大学 A kind of preparation method of high efficiency, low cost oxygen reduction catalyst

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111129522A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-05-08 同济大学 Preparation and application of nickel-iron alloy/nitrogen-doped carbon fiber serving as zinc-air battery oxygen electrocatalyst
CN111129531A (en) * 2020-01-06 2020-05-08 西安航空职业技术学院 Preparation method of cobalt-nitrogen co-doped biomass carbon zinc-air battery catalyst
CN111129531B (en) * 2020-01-06 2023-03-21 西安航空职业技术学院 Preparation method of cobalt-nitrogen co-doped biomass carbon zinc-air battery catalyst
CN111229288A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-06-05 青岛科技大学 Mo loaded by carbon fiber paperboard2C/NC catalyst, preparation method and application thereof
CN114107405A (en) * 2020-08-25 2022-03-01 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Method for preparing lignocellulose biomass coproduction acid and nitrogen-rich carbon-based oxygen reduction catalyst
CN113060719A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-02 山东省科学院新材料研究所 Wood-based carbon foam and preparation method thereof, cathode electrocatalyst, cathode and metal-air battery
CN113388857A (en) * 2021-06-08 2021-09-14 河北师范大学 Method for preparing integral sacrificial anode for hydrogen production by electrolyzing water by utilizing wood fiber biomass
CN114023980A (en) * 2021-11-05 2022-02-08 常州大学 Preparation method of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material based on furfural residues and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material
CN114108024A (en) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-01 内蒙古工业大学 Coal-based sacrificial electrode and preparation method and application thereof
CN115058794A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-09-16 雅迪科技集团有限公司 Carbon fiber material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery
CN115709994A (en) * 2022-11-14 2023-02-24 长春大学 Method for preparing graphitized carbon by using corn straw liquefaction method
CN116581306A (en) * 2023-06-15 2023-08-11 黑龙江大学 Plant fiber derived transition metal porous nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
CN116581306B (en) * 2023-06-15 2024-01-26 黑龙江大学 Plant fiber derived transition metal porous nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

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