CN110400939A - A kind of preparation method of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst; the following steps are included: spirulina is dissolved in solution of potassium carbonate; by solid abrasive after dissolution, drying, it is placed in tube furnace and is pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection, black solid is obtained after cooling；Black solid grinding is placed in hydrochloric acid solution and is impregnated, it is dry after then filtering and being washed with deionized water to neutrality, the biomass carbon material of black is obtained after dry；The biomass carbon material and g-C that will be obtained3N4Ground and mixed, grinding obtains grey mixed-powder after being subsequently placed in ultrasonic dissolution in dehydrated alcohol, stirring, drying；Obtained grey mixed-powder is placed in tube furnace, under nitrogen protection, 800 ~ 1000 DEG C is warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature 2 h, by the black product being prepared is porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst after tube furnace is cooling.The porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst stability that this method is prepared is good, electrochemical performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the synthesis technical fields of new energy zinc-air battery energy storage electrochemical catalysis agent material, and in particular to
A kind of preparation method of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst.
Background technique
With rapidly depleting for fossil fuel, clean energy resource demand it is growing, cause people to it is efficient, cheap,
The highest attention of nontoxic energy conversion and storage equipment.Wherein, zinc-air battery is as lithium ion battery technology after a kind of,
With it, raw material cost is low, and energy consumption is few, and low toxicity, high energy density is (theoretically up to 1086 Wh kg-1), compare lithium ion
Battery is 5 ~ 10 times high, is with a wide range of applications in future source of energy field.Although zinc-air battery possesses high-energy density,
But its large-scale application is also badly in need of solving its output power (< 10 mW/cm2) low problem.Its output power is mainly constrained to
The catalytic efficiency of air catalytic agent, developing efficient air catalytic agent is the key that improve its power density.Zinc-air electricity
Two important chemical processes i.e. oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are mainly concerned in the reaction of pond.ORR process
It is to limit one of significant process of its power density, so far, the elctro-catalyst of precious metals pt imitates the catalysis of ORR process
Rate highest, but platinum based catalyst is rare, at high cost, stability is low, and to the poor resistance of CO and methanol, so that and platinum base
Catalyst large-scale application difficult to realize.Oxygen is used for the materials synthesis substitution platinum base metallic catalyst that the earth abounds with natural resources
Reduction reaction (ORR) still suffers from huge challenge, this is most important to extensive development zinc-air battery.Therefore, in recent years
Carry out many researchers and turns one's attention to the Transition metal based materials and carbon-based material that can be used for catalytic oxidation-reduction reaction process
Anode catalyst.
Currently, the porous carbon materials of nitrogen atom doping are considered as one of the oxygen reduction catalyst of most prospect, this is main
The advantages that being attributed to its excellent catalytic activity, low cost and long-time stability.By different miscellaneous of atomic radius and electronegativity
Atom is introduced into carbon matrix, and mixing the cloud density of carbon atom and electronegativity around the hetero atom in carbon-based material can become
Change and additionally increase the relevant active site of nitrogen-atoms also in carbon matrix, this be beneficial to the absorption of oxygen molecule and into
One step weakens the bond energy of oxygen molecule, to be conducive to the progress of oxygen reduction reaction.Biological material due to it in nature
Rich reserves and renewable, derivative activated carbon from activated sludge preparation process is relatively easy, therefore develops with biomass porous raw material of wood-charcoal
Material is that the Heteroatom doping porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst of carrier has a wide range of applications.
However, single biomass active carbon material applies the speed that catalytic oxidation-reduction reacts when during oxygen reduction reaction
Rate is slower, introduces more hetero atoms (such as nitrogen, phosphorus) into carbon matrix to change the distribution of the electronics in carbon base body structure, is formed more
Active site, be improve the active available strategy of oxygen reduction reaction electrochemical reaction.Nitrogen-atoms is to carbon atom with similar
Atomic radius size but electronics form different same period atoms.The nitrogenous knot of four seed types is generally comprised in nitrogen-doped carbon material
Structure, i.e. pyridine nitrogen, pyrroles's nitrogen, graphite nitrogen and nitrogen oxide, they are all proved to advantageous to oxygen reduction reaction.However it reasonably selects
Nitrogen source dopant is the enhancing anti-active important link of hydrogen reduction to realize the Effective Doping to carbon-based material.
The preparation method of existing biomass N doping porous carbon is that biomass and nitrogen source one-step method are prepared, such as China
A kind of patent 201610388898.3(patent name: preparation method of the mesoporous carbon nano-fiber of N doping), Chinese patent
A kind of 201710006532.X(patent name: preparation method and application of biomass-based N doping porous carbon) etc., above method
The chemical property for the porous carbon materials being prepared needs to be further increased.
In conclusion the chemical property of noble metal catalyst stability difference and existing biomass N doping porous carbon
Difference, is reduced or the use of substitution noble metal platinum based catalyst, provides good a kind of stability, electrochemical performance, at low cost
Porous C catalyst be a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the invention is that providing a kind of oxygen reduction reaction activity
It is high, stability is good, electrochemical performance, at low cost, and environment amenable biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst
Preparation method.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of preparation method of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it prepares biomass carbon material: spirulina is dissolved in solution of potassium carbonate, and stir 10 ~ 15 h at room temperature, so
It is dry at 80 DEG C afterwards, by solid abrasive after drying, it is placed in tube furnace and is pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection, obtained after cooling
Black solid；Again by black solid grinding be placed on 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution impregnate 10 ~ 15 h, then filter and spend from
Son is washed to drying after neutrality, obtains the biomass carbon material of black after dry；
(2) raw material mixes: the biomass carbon material and g-C that step (1) is obtained3N4Ground and mixed is placed in dehydrated alcohol
Then 1 h of ultrasonic dissolution is stirred for 4 h, grinds after dry and obtain grey mixed-powder；
(3) it prepares porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst: the grey mixed-powder that step (2) obtains being placed in tube furnace, in nitrogen
Under protection, 800 ~ 1000 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature 2 h, it will preparation after tube furnace is cooling
Obtained black product is ground, and porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst is obtained after grinding.
Further, the concentration of solution of potassium carbonate is 200 g/L in step (1)；And the quality and potassium carbonate of spirulina
The volume ratio of solution is 10 g:100 mL.
Further, biomass carbon material and g-C in step (2)3N4Mass ratio be 1:1 ~ 5.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1, the present invention uses the spirulina of rich nitrogen for carbon source, first is pyrolyzed to obtain the biomass carbon materials of N doping using chemical activation method
Material, advantageously forms a large amount of hole and a large amount of defect sturctures, subsequent using biomass carbon material as carbonaceous presoma, further
Doping nitrogen source g-C3N4When, since, when temperature is higher than 710 DEG C, class graphitic nitralloy carbon can be decomposed largely during high temperature pyrolysis
For nitrogenous small organic molecule, therefore additional hole can be increased on carbonaceous presoma, while a large amount of on carbonaceous presoma
The presence of defect sites can change electronic structure and coordination environment around carbon skeleton, lead to the appearance and unsaturated coordination in vacancy
The appearance in site is conducive to capture because high temperature pyrolysis decomposes the nitrogenous small molecule generated, generates porous structure and multiple types contain
The carbonaceous catalyst material of nitrogen functional group's (pyridine nitrogen and graphite nitrogen) doping.The porous structure of carbonaceous catalyst may advantageously facilitate oxygen
Mass transfer in liquid phase during reduction reaction, and wherein the rich a variety of nitrogen-containing functional groups of nitrogen are as effective active position during oxygen reduction reaction
Point is conducive to the absorption of oxygen, thus the high catalytic activity during realizing oxygen reduction reaction.
2, preparation process of the present invention is simple and environmentally-friendly, is not directed to complicated template and post-processing step, and be prepared
Porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst can not only be applied in new energy devices zinc-air battery oxygen reduction reaction, reduce noble metal base and urge
The consumption of agent, and its is at low cost, high-efficient, and stability is good, 95.8% activity is still remained with after 10000 s, to quickening
The energy storage devices such as zinc-air battery and fuel cell are widely used in having important practical significance in actual production life.
3, the class graphitic carbonaceous nitrogen (g-C that the present invention uses3N4) there is very high nitrogen content, furthermore at high temperature (> 710 DEG C)
Under be easy to decompose volatilization, may be implemented during high temperature pyrolysis to the effective nitrogen atom doping of carbon base body and pore-creating, it is heavier
It wants, it is nontoxic to environment, harmless, is a kind of good nitrogen source and pore-foaming agent.
4, the present invention uses spirulina for carbon source, and spirulina is a kind of planktonic organism containing protein about 60%, is a kind of
The resource forgotten for a long time by people, in order to avoid water pollution handles it need to spend sizable human and material resources every year, this hair
It is bright to consume a large amount of spirulina in subsequent industrial production, pollution of the spirulina to water body is reduced, and then play protection ring
The effect in border.
Detailed description of the invention
The porous carbon (NHAC) that the biomass carbon material (AC) and embodiment 2 that Fig. 1-present invention is prepared are prepared
X ray diffracting spectrum (XRD).
The porous carbon (NHAC) that the biomass carbon material (AC) and embodiment 2 that Fig. 2-present invention is prepared are prepared
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph (SEM).
The porous carbon hydrogen reduction that biomass carbon material (AC) that Fig. 3-present invention is prepared, embodiment 1 ~ 3 are prepared
Porous carbon materials (the N/KAC that catalyst (NHAC is indicated with NHAC-1, NHAC-3, NHAC-5 respectively) and comparative example obtain
Indicate) and business 20wt%Pt/C linear sweep voltammetry curve (LSV).
The porous carbon hydrogen reduction that biomass carbon material (AC) that Fig. 4-present invention is prepared, embodiment 1 ~ 3 are prepared
Porous carbon materials (the N/KAC that catalyst (NHAC is indicated with NHAC-1, NHAC-3, NHAC-5 respectively) and comparative example obtain
Indicate) and business 20wt%Pt/C hydrogen reduction performance indicator parameter.
The stabilization for 20 wt%Pt/C of porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst (NHAC-3) and business that Fig. 5-embodiment 2 is prepared
Property correlation curve i-t curve.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment 1
(1) prepare biomass carbon material: 20 g potassium carbonate be dissolved in stirring and dissolving in 100 mL water, be added 10 g spirulinas and
Then 12 h of stirring and dissolving under room temperature is dried it under the conditions of 80 DEG C of temperature, grind solid after dry
Powdery is worn into, is placed in nickel crucible with cover, nickel crucible is placed in tube furnace is pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection, is obtained after cooling black
Color solid；Black solid is ground into 12 h of hydrochloric acid solution for being immersed in 1 mol/L after powdery, then filters and uses deionized water
It is dried after being washed till neutrality, obtains the biomass carbon material of black after dry；
(2) raw material mixes: weighing 50 mg biomass carbon materials and 50 mg g-C3N4The ground and mixed in mortar, is placed on 50
Then 1 h of ultrasonic dissolution in mL dehydrated alcohol stirs 4 h, grinds after dry and obtain grey mixed-powder；
(3) it prepares porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst: the grey mixed-powder that step (2) obtains being placed in tube furnace, in nitrogen
Under protection, 800 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature 2 h, will be prepared after tube furnace is cooling
Black product is ground, and porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst is obtained after grinding.
Embodiment 2
(1) prepare biomass carbon material: step is the same as embodiment 1；
(2) raw material mixes: weighing 50 mg biomass carbon materials and 150 mg g-C3N4The ground and mixed in mortar, is placed on 50
Then 1 h of ultrasonic dissolution in mL dehydrated alcohol stirs 4 h, grinds after dry and obtain grey mixed-powder；
(3) it prepares porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst: the grey mixed-powder that step (2) obtains being placed in tube furnace, in nitrogen
Under protection, 900 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature 2 h, will be prepared after tube furnace is cooling
Black product is ground, and porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst is obtained after grinding.
The porous carbon hydrogen reduction catalysis that the biomass carbon material (AC) and the present embodiment that the present invention is prepared are prepared
X ray diffracting spectrum and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph difference of agent (NHAC) are as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, as shown in Figure 1, biomass carbon material
With porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst in 2 θ=13 ° and 29 ° and 42 °, there are three apparent peaks, corresponding is (100),
(002) and (101) three carbon peaks, however the weak peak at 42 ° shows there are the coacervation between higher carbon-coating, this will promote
Into electric conductivity, furthermore wider diffraction maximum discloses the poor crystalline nature of graphite mass, shows that there are a large amount of defect sturctures；Figure
Figure (a) in 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of biomass carbon material, and figure (b) is the scanning electricity of porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst
Mirror figure can be seen that biomass carbon material form in the form of sheets by scheming (a), stack, be formed between stacking gap a large amount of each other
Microcellular structure；By scheming (b) it can be seen that porous carbon has a large amount of cellular morphology, stacking forms tufted honeycomb type each other
Structure stacks interlayer there are a large amount of micropores, and the presence of porous structure is more conducive to the mass transport process during hydrogen reduction, thus carries out
Secondary pore-creating obtains N doping porous carbon can show superior catalytic activity during hydrogen reduction.
Embodiment 3
(1) prepare biomass carbon material: step is the same as embodiment 1；
(2) raw material mixes: weighing 50 mg biomass carbon materials and 250 mg g-C3N4The ground and mixed in mortar, is placed on 50
Then 1 h of ultrasonic dissolution in mL dehydrated alcohol stirs 4 h, grinds after dry and obtain grey mixed-powder；
(3) it prepares porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst: the grey mixed-powder that step (2) obtains being placed in tube furnace, in nitrogen
Under protection, 900 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature 2 h, will be prepared after tube furnace is cooling
Black product is ground, and porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst is obtained after grinding.
Embodiment 4
(1) prepare biomass carbon material: step is the same as embodiment 1；
(2) raw material mixes: weighing 50 mg biomass carbon materials and 200 mg g-C3N4 ground and mixeds in mortar, is placed on 50
Then 1 h of ultrasonic dissolution in mL dehydrated alcohol stirs 4 h, grinds after dry and obtain grey mixed-powder；
(3) it prepares porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst: the grey mixed-powder that step (2) obtains being placed in tube furnace, in nitrogen
Under protection, 1000 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature 2 h, will be prepared after tube furnace is cooling
Black product ground, obtain porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst after grinding.
The porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst that embodiment 4 is prepared is prepared into electrode, and carries out catalytic performance test, is had
Body step is such as:
S1, it weighs 2.0 mg of material and is placed in sample cell, 350 μ L deionized waters, 150 μ L isopropanols and 10 μ L are then added
Nafion solution.It will be taken out after solution ultrasonic disperse in sample cell at least 30 minutes.7 μ L catalysis is accurately measured with liquid-transfering gun
Agent mixed dispersion liquid is added drop-wise on glass-carbon electrode (diameter 5mm), makes its natural air drying at room temperature, the electrode after drying is rear
Working electrode is used as in continuous test.
S2, electrode material electrochemical property test carried out on AUTOLAB electrochemical workstation, test macro be mark
Quasi- three-electrode system, wherein hydrogen reduction electrochemical property test is using the electrode for being coated with prepared catalyst prepared as work electricity
Pole is, using Ag/AgCl electrode as reference electrode, to test in 0.1 mol/L KOH electrolyte electrode with Pt electrode.
LSV test result is shown: catalysis 0.92 V of take-off potential, 0.81 V of half wave potential；Limiting current density is up to 4.42
mA/cm2；
Comparative example
(1) 250 mg green algas, 500 mg potassium carbonate and 750 mg g-C are weighed first3N4In the burning that 50 mL deionized waters are housed
Stirred overnight in cup, is then dried in an oven.It is ground in mortar after drying sufficiently stand-by.
(2) 900 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min in the tube furnace by obtained mixed-powder in nitrogen atmosphere, and kept the temperature
2h, up to prepared black sample after tube furnace natural cooling.The resulting black product HCL of 1 mol/L is impregnated
Whole night, it is washed with a large amount of deionized waters to neutrality under the conditions of suction filtration, is then washed repeatedly with dehydrated alcohol, it is black by what is be collected into
Sample of the color substance after 80 degrees Celsius of oven dryings, drying obtains porous carbon materials with mortar grinder.
The porous carbon hydrogen reduction that the biomass carbon material (AC) of the invention being prepared, embodiment 1 ~ 3 are prepared is urged
Porous carbon materials (the N/KAC table that agent (NHAC is indicated with NHAC-1, NHAC-3, NHAC-5 respectively) and comparative example obtain
Show) and business 20wt%Pt/C be used to prepare electrode, and test catalytic performance respectively:
1, their linear sweep voltammetry curve (LSV) is as shown in figure 3, specific corresponding hydrogen reduction performance indicator parameter such as Fig. 4
It is shown.The hydrogen reduction performance indicator parameter of each sample see the table below.
Each sample hydrogen reduction performance indicator parameter
| Sample ID | Take-off potential (V) | Half wave potential (V) | Limiting current density (mA/cm2) |
| AC | 0.82 | 0.69 | 4.15 |
| NHAC-1 | 0.95 | 0.85 | 4.84 |
| NHAC-3 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 4.36 |
| NHAC-5 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 4.78 |
| N/KAC | 0.88 | 0.79 | 4.35 |
| Pt/C | 0.97 | 0.84 | 4.13 |
Based on electrochemical parameter take-off potential, half wave potential, limiting current density performance indicator, the step activation of catalyst is mixed
Nitrogen, substep activation nitrating and nitrogen source usage amount are studied.Learn from upper table: it is as follows that take-off potential follows sequence: Pt/C >
NHAC-3 > NHAC-1 > NHAC-5 > N/KAC >AC；It is as follows that half wave potential follows sequence: NHAC-3 > NHAC-1 >
Pt/C >NHAC-5 > N/KAC >AC；It is as follows that limiting current density follows sequence: NHAC-1 > NHAC-5 > NHAC-3 >
N/KAC >AC> Pt/C.Therefore it can be seen that the hydrogen reduction better effect that substep activates nitrating is carried out, furthermore in nitrogen source usage amount
It can be seen that the oxygen reduction activity for the porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst that embodiment 2 obtains is best.
2, the stability of 20 wt%Pt/C of the porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst (NHAC-3) that embodiment 2 is prepared and business
For correlation curve i-t curve as shown in figure 5, NHAC-3 still remains with 95.8% activity after 10000 s, this is significantly larger than quotient
The activity retention of industry Pt/C catalyst 66.1% illustrates the stability for the porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst that the present invention is prepared
It is excellent.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiment of the present invention is only example to illustrate the invention, and it is not
It is the restriction to embodiment of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description also
Other various forms of variations and variation can be made.Here all embodiments can not be exhaustive.It is all to belong to this
The technical solution changes and variations that derived from of invention are still in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it prepares biomass carbon material: spirulina is dissolved in solution of potassium carbonate, and stir 10 ~ 15 h at room temperature, so
It is dry at 80 DEG C afterwards, by solid abrasive after drying, it is placed in tube furnace and is pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection, obtained after cooling
Black solid；Again by black solid grinding be placed on 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution impregnate 10 ~ 15 h, then filter and spend from
Son is washed to drying after neutrality, obtains the biomass carbon material of black after dry；
(2) raw material mixes: the biomass carbon material and g-C that step (1) is obtained3N4Ground and mixed is placed in dehydrated alcohol and surpasses
Sound dissolves 1 h, is then stirred for 4 h, grinds after dry and obtain grey mixed-powder；
(3) it prepares porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst: the grey mixed-powder that step (2) obtains being placed in tube furnace, in nitrogen
Under protection, 800 ~ 1000 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, then keeps the temperature 2 h, it will preparation after tube furnace is cooling
Obtained black product is ground, and porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst is obtained after grinding.
2. a kind of preparation method of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst according to claim 1, feature exist
In the concentration of solution of potassium carbonate is 200 g/L in step (1)；And the quality of spirulina and the volume ratio of solution of potassium carbonate are
10 g:100 mL.
3. a kind of preparation method of biomass nitrating porous carbon oxygen reduction catalyst according to claim 1, feature exist
In biomass carbon material and g-C in step (2)3N4Mass ratio be 1:1 ~ 5.
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| CN114656968A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-24 | 山西大学 | Biomass carbon and carbon nitride composite soil remediation agent and method for remediating fomesafen pollution in soil |
| CN114950521A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-08-30 | 湖南大学 | Mn-N-C site-containing algal-based carbon catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116462179A (en) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-07-21 | 李丽 | Preparation method of biomass porous carbonized material and porous carbonized material |
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Application publication date: 20191101 |