CN110470984B - Fault on-line detection and positioning method for three-stage starter generator rotating rectifier - Google Patents

Fault on-line detection and positioning method for three-stage starter generator rotating rectifier Download PDF

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CN110470984B
CN110470984B CN201910622427.8A CN201910622427A CN110470984B CN 110470984 B CN110470984 B CN 110470984B CN 201910622427 A CN201910622427 A CN 201910622427A CN 110470984 B CN110470984 B CN 110470984B
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fault
diode
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rotating rectifier
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CN110470984A (en
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焦宁飞
韩旭
魏志煌
刘卫国
孙承浩
梁培鑫
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a fault on-line detection and positioning method for a three-level starter generator rotating rectifier, which is used for carrying out fault on-line diagnosis and positioning on the three-level starter generator rotating rectifier according to the geometric characteristics of a current track. And performing per unit processing on the exciter rotor current value, and calculating the current track central coordinate value under a two-phase coordinate system. Solving the distance from the center point of the exciter rotor current track to the origin of coordinates to judge whether the rotating rectifier has a fault; solving an included angle between a connecting line from a central point of the current track to the origin of coordinates and an alpha axis to judge the position of a fault diode in the rotating rectifier; and solving the length-width ratio of the current track to judge the fault type of the fault diode. The method can judge whether the rotary rectifier has faults or not in real time on line, can judge the fault type and the position of the fault diode when the faults occur, and is simple to implement.

Description

Fault on-line detection and positioning method for three-stage starter generator rotating rectifier
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor fault diagnosis, relates to a fault on-line detection and positioning method for a three-level type starting generator rotating rectifier, and particularly relates to a fault on-line detection and positioning method for a three-level type brushless synchronous starting generator rotating rectifier based on current track geometric characteristics.
Background
With the development of multi-electric aircraft, the starting and power generation integration technology with the advantages of small volume and weight, high system integration level and the like is more and more concerned by research. An aviation three-stage brushless synchronous motor is a key research object of the technology, and the starting and power generation integration is successfully realized on a Boeing 787 aircraft in the United states. The three-stage aviation brushless synchronous starting power generation system (for short, three-stage starter generator) mainly comprises a main motor, an exciter, a permanent magnet auxiliary exciter and a rotary rectifier, and the structural schematic diagram of the three-stage aviation brushless synchronous starting power generation system is shown in fig. 1.
The field current of the main machine is supplied by the exciter through the rotating rectifier, whether the three-stage machine is in start mode or generate mode. The requirement of the aviation application background on the reliability of the three-level starting generator system is high, and in the operation process of the motor, the rotating rectifier is in severe environments such as rotation, high temperature and vibration and is the most prone to failure in the three-level starting generator. Therefore, the fault diagnosis of the rotating rectifier is the basis for improving the reliability of the three-level generator system.
The rotary rectifier consists of six diodes, and the faults of the rotary rectifier are mainly divided into short circuit and open circuit of the diodes. When an open-circuit fault occurs, the current of the open-circuit phase of the exciter rotor is reduced, the exciting current of the main motor is reduced, and at the moment, the system can be shut down for protection and can also be derated for continuous operation. When a diode short circuit fault occurs, the exciter rotor current is increased sharply, and the system needs to be stopped quickly to prevent the fault from spreading, so that greater harm is caused. Therefore, the open-circuit fault and the short-circuit fault of the rotating rectifier are treated in different ways. Therefore, when fault diagnosis is performed on the diode of the rotating rectifier, the type of the fault needs to be accurately judged so as to perform different processing according to system requirements. On the other hand, accurate positioning of the rotating rectifier fault diode is of great significance to rapid system maintenance and component replacement. Therefore, in the fault diagnosis, it is necessary to determine which diode has failed, that is, to locate the failure. In summary, when the fault diagnosis of the three-stage starting generator rotating rectifier is performed, it is required to determine whether the rotating rectifier fails or not, specify the type of the fault in the case of the fault, and determine the position of the failed diode. When the rotating rectifier fails, one diode often fails, and accurate diagnosis and corresponding measures need to be taken when only one diode in the rotating rectifier fails. The invention thus diagnoses the failure of only one diode in the rotating rectifier.
The geometry of the exciter rotor current path is different from that in normal operation when the rotating rectifier is in different fault conditions. The method starts from the geometric characteristics of the exciter rotor current track, and carries out fault diagnosis and positioning on the rotating rectifier diode through the information such as the distance from the current track center point to the origin of coordinates, the included angle between the connecting line from the current track center to the origin of coordinates and the alpha axis, the length-width ratio of the current track and the like. The method can realize the online diagnosis of whether the rotary rectifier has faults, the judgment of the fault type and the positioning of the fault diode.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fault on-line detection and positioning method for a three-level starter generator rotating rectifier, which mainly solves the technical problems that: in the running process of the three-level starter generator, whether a diode in the rotating rectifier has a fault or not is diagnosed on line, and the fault type and the position of the fault diode are judged.
Technical scheme
A fault on-line detection and positioning method for a three-level starter generator rotating rectifier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating a current track center coordinate value i 'of exciter rotor current in a two-phase coordinate system'α,i′β：
Sampling phase current I of exciter rotor alpha in one periodαBeta phase current IβAnd the current amplitude IsCalculating I in real time within a cycleα、IβAnd IsHas an average value of
Figure GDA0002770897400000021
And
Figure GDA0002770897400000022
using average value of exciter rotor current amplitude
Figure GDA0002770897400000023
For the average of alpha-phase current and beta-phase current
Figure GDA0002770897400000024
Is subjected to per unit processing to be i'α、i′βThen, then
Figure GDA0002770897400000025
Coordinates of the center point of the exciter rotor current track are obtained;
step 2, judging whether the rotating rectifier has a fault according to the distance between the current track center point and the coordinate origin:
calculating the distance from the center point of the exciter rotor current track to the origin of the coordinate system
Figure GDA0002770897400000031
Comparing the distance d with a set threshold d0: if d > d0If yes, judging that the rotating rectifier has a fault, and performing the step 3; otherwise, judging that the rotary rectifier works normally;
step 3, judging the failed diode of the rotary rectifier:
calculating the included angle theta between the connecting line of the current track central point to the coordinate origin and the alpha-axis positive half shaft to be atan2 (i'β,i′α)；
The diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase of the rotary rectifier are defined as D1 and D4 respectively, the diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase of b are defined as D3 and D6 respectively, the diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase of c are defined as D5 and D2 respectively, and the corresponding relation of the fault diode judged by the angle range at the theta value is as follows:
θ faulty diode numbering
150°～210° D1
210°～270° D2
270°～330° D3
330°～360°,0°～30° D4
30°～90° D5
90°～150° D6
Step 4, determining whether the fault diode is an open-circuit fault or a short-circuit fault:
1. when the fault diode is judged to be D1 or D4, I'α＝Iα，I′β＝Iβ(ii) a When the fault diode is judged to be D3 or D6,
Figure GDA0002770897400000032
when the failed tube is either D2 or D5,
Figure GDA0002770897400000033
Figure GDA0002770897400000034
the per unit processed alpha phase current and beta phase current are I ″)α、I″βThen, then
Figure GDA0002770897400000035
Figure GDA0002770897400000036
2. Taking the ratio of the projection span of the current track on the alpha axis to the projection span on the beta axis as the aspect ratio of the current track:
Figure GDA0002770897400000041
I″αmaxI″αminis I' in one cycleαMaximum and minimum values of; i ″)βmax、I″βminIs I' in one cycleβMaximum and minimum values of;
3. aspect ratio Q and set threshold Q0By comparison, if Q > Q0And if not, judging that the fault diode in the rotary rectifier has an open-circuit fault.
D is0The value of (a) is 0 to 0.1.
Said Q0Is between 0.433 and 0.866.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a fault on-line detection and positioning method for a three-level starter generator rotating rectifier, which is used for carrying out fault on-line diagnosis and positioning on the three-level starter generator rotating rectifier according to the geometric characteristics of a current track. And performing per unit processing on the exciter rotor current value, and calculating the current track central coordinate value under a two-phase coordinate system. Solving the distance from the center point of the exciter rotor current track to the origin of coordinates to judge whether the rotating rectifier has a fault; solving an included angle between a connecting line from a central point of the current track to the origin of coordinates and an alpha axis to judge the position of a fault diode in the rotating rectifier; and solving the length-width ratio of the current track to judge the fault type of the fault diode. The method can judge whether the rotary rectifier has faults or not in real time on line, can judge the fault type and the position of the fault diode when the faults occur, and is simple to implement. The method helps to improve the operation reliability and the maintenance convenience of the three-stage starter generator system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-stage starter generator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic equivalent circuit diagram of a rotor portion of a three-stage starter generator;
FIG. 3 illustrates a method for fault diagnosis and location of a rotating rectifier according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a method for fault diagnosis and location of a rotating rectifier according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows exciter rotor phase alpha and phase beta currents;
FIG. 6 shows the exciter rotor average values for the alpha phase, beta phase and current amplitude;
FIG. 7 is an exciter rotor current trajectory center coordinate value;
FIG. 8 is the exciter rotor current track center to origin of coordinates distance;
FIG. 9 shows the included angle between the connecting line from the exciter rotor current track center to the origin of coordinates and the α axis;
FIG. 10 is exciter rotor current track aspect ratio;
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
FIG. 3 illustrates the concept of the fault diagnosis and location method for a rotating rectifier according to the present invention; fig. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a fault diagnosis and location method for a rotating rectifier according to the present invention. The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The three-stage starter generator used in the embodiment is schematically shown in fig. 1, in which the exciter stator field winding is a three-phase winding. In the running process of the system, the rotating speed of the motor is 100r/min, the excitation frequency of the exciter stator is 90Hz, and the current frequency of the exciter rotor is 100 Hz. Taking an open-circuit of a phase-connected tube (D1) of a rotating rectifier a as an example, the method for diagnosing and locating the fault is described, and the embodiment includes the following specific steps:
1: solving the central point of the exciter rotor current track graph when the motor runs, specifically as follows:
(1.1) detecting stator phase current i of exciter using sensoras、ibs、icsAnd phase voltage uas、ubs、ucsAnd by the existing method: estimating three-phase current of an exciter rotor according to a voltage equation and a flux linkage equation of the exciter, and recording the three-phase current as iar、ibr、icr. According to a coordinate transformation formula
Figure GDA0002770897400000051
Calculating alpha phase current and beta phase current of exciter rotor current in a two-phase coordinate system, and respectively recording as iα、iβThe waveform is shown in fig. 5. Simultaneous use of formula
Figure GDA0002770897400000061
Calculating the amplitude i of the armature current of the rotors。
(1.2) sampling the phase current of the alpha phase, the phase current of the beta phase and the current amplitude of the exciter rotor in one period in real time according to the current frequency of the exciter rotor:
the frequency of the rotor current is 100Hz, the sampling frequency is 20kHz, and the number of sampling points in one period of the current is counted
Figure GDA0002770897400000062
Moving window adoption is carried out on the phase current and the current amplitude of the exciter rotor alpha and beta in one period, which are respectively marked as Iα、IβAnd Is. Real-time calculation of I within one cycleα、IβAnd IsAre respectively expressed as
Figure GDA0002770897400000063
And
Figure GDA0002770897400000064
as shown in fig. 6.
(1.3) use of exciter rotor electricityThe average value of the current amplitude values is subjected to per-unit processing on the average values of the alpha-phase current and the beta-phase current calculated in 1.2, and the average values of the alpha-phase current and the beta-phase current after the per-unit processing are respectively recorded as i'α、i′βThen, then
Figure GDA0002770897400000065
(i′α,i′β) Namely, the coordinate of the central point of the exciter rotor current track is as follows:
to pair
Figure GDA0002770897400000066
Is subjected to per unit processing and is recorded as i'α、i′βIs obtained by
Figure GDA0002770897400000067
The coordinates of the center point of the exciter rotor current trajectory are obtained as (-0.314, -0.056), as shown in fig. 7.
2. Judging whether the rotating rectifier has a fault according to the distance between the current track center point and the coordinate origin, specifically:
(2.1) calculating the distance from the central point of the exciter rotor current track to the origin of the coordinate system
Figure GDA0002770897400000068
As shown in fig. 8.
(2.2) comparing the distance d calculated in 2.1 with a set threshold d0The size of (2): if d > d0If not, the rotating rectifier is judged to work normally. d0The value of (d) is generally close to 0, and is determined according to an actual application object, and the value of (d) should be larger than the d value calculated when the rotary rectifier works normally and smaller than the d value calculated when the rotary rectifier is in a fault state.
Threshold value d set in the present embodiment00.1. D is more than d by comparison and judgment0When the current is 0.1, it is determined that the rotating rectifier has failed.
3: and (3) when the rotating rectifier is judged to be in fault in the step (2), positioning the fault, namely determining the position (or number) of the fault diode. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(3.1) to the calculated current trajectory center coordinate (i'α,i′β) Using the formula θ ═ atan2 (i'β,i′α) Calculating the included angle between the connecting line from the central point of the current track to the origin and the positive half shaft of the alpha shaft, wherein theta is atan2 (i'β,i′α) -2.966 radians, i.e. 190.1 °, as shown in fig. 9;
(3.2) diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase of the rotating rectifier are respectively D1 and D4, diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase b are respectively D3 and D6, and diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase c are respectively D5 and D2, as shown in FIG. 2.
According to the relation table of the included angle and the serial number of the fault diode, the fault diode can be judged to be D1.
Corresponding relation table for judging fault diode in angle range at theta value
θ Faulty diode numbering
150°～210° D1
210°～270° D2
270°～330° D3
330°～360°,0°～30° D4
30°～90° D5
90°～150° D6
4: and (3) judging the fault type of the fault diode on the basis of determining the position (or number) of the fault diode in the step (3), namely determining whether the fault diode is an open-circuit fault or a short-circuit fault. The method comprises the following specific steps:
determining fault type of fault diode
(4.1) performing coordinate transformation on the alpha phase current and the beta phase current of the exciter rotor sampled in one period in 1.2 according to the judgment result in 3.2: when the fault diode is judged to be D1 or D4, I'α＝Iα，I′β＝Iβ(ii) a When the fault diode is judged to be D3 or D6,
Figure GDA0002770897400000071
when the failed tube is either D2 or D5,
Figure GDA0002770897400000072
then, per unit processing is carried out, and the alpha phase current and the beta phase current after per unit processing are marked as I ″α、I″βThen, then
Figure GDA0002770897400000081
In this embodiment, the fault diode is D1, so that I'α＝Iα，I′β＝Iβ(ii) a Can be obtained after per unit processing
Figure GDA0002770897400000082
(4.2) defining the ratio of the projection span of the current track on the alpha axis to the projection span on the beta axis as the length-width ratio of the current track, and solving I' in one period in real timeαMaximum value of (note as I ″)αmax) And a minimum value (denoted as I ″)αmin) And I ″)βMaximum value of (note as I ″)βmax) And a minimum value (denoted as I ″)βmin) According to the formula
Figure GDA0002770897400000083
Calculating the length-width ratio of the current track
Figure GDA0002770897400000084
As shown in fig. 10;
(4.3) comparing the aspect ratio Q calculated in 4.2 with a set threshold value Q0The size of (2): if Q > Q0And if not, judging that the fault diode in the rotary rectifier has an open-circuit fault. Q0The value of (a) is between 0.433 and 0.866, and is determined according to an actual application object to be larger than the length-width ratio of the rotating rectifier diode when the open-circuit fault occurs and smaller than the length-width ratio of the rotating rectifier diode when the short-circuit fault occurs.
Threshold Q set in the present embodiment00.7. Through comparison and judgment, Q is less than Q0When the voltage is 0.7, it is determined that the D1 tube of the rotating rectifier has an open failure.
In the above step, if the rotating rectifier is judged to be in a healthy state in the step 2, the judgment of the step 3 and the step 4 is not carried out; and if the rotating rectifier is judged to have a fault in the step 2, the subsequent steps 3 and 4 are carried out.

Claims (3)

1. A fault on-line detection and positioning method for a three-level starter generator rotating rectifier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, calculating a current track center coordinate value i 'of exciter rotor current in a two-phase coordinate system'α,i′β：
Sampling phase current I of exciter rotor alpha in one periodαBeta phase current IβAnd the current amplitude IsCalculating I in real time within a cycleα、IβAnd IsHas an average value of
Figure FDA0002770897390000011
And
Figure FDA0002770897390000012
using average value of exciter rotor current amplitude
Figure FDA0002770897390000013
For the average of alpha-phase current and beta-phase current
Figure FDA0002770897390000014
Is subjected to per unit processing to be i'α、i′βThen, then
Figure FDA0002770897390000015
Coordinates of the center point of the exciter rotor current track are obtained;
step 2, judging whether the rotating rectifier has a fault according to the distance between the current track center point and the coordinate origin:
calculating the distance from the center point of the exciter rotor current track to the origin of the coordinate system
Figure FDA0002770897390000016
Comparing the distance d with a set threshold d0: if d > d0If yes, judging that the rotating rectifier has a fault, and performing the step 3; otherwise, judging that the rotary rectifier works normally;
step 3, judging the failed diode of the rotary rectifier:
calculating the included angle theta between the connecting line of the current track central point to the coordinate origin and the alpha-axis positive half shaft to be atan2 (i'β,i′α)；
The diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase of the rotary rectifier are defined as D1 and D4 respectively, the diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase of b are defined as D3 and D6 respectively, the diode numbers of an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm of a phase of c are defined as D5 and D2 respectively, and the corresponding relation of the fault diode judged by the angle range at the theta value is as follows:
the theta value range of the fault diode with the serial number D1 is 150-210 degrees; the theta value range of the fault diode with the serial number of D2 is 210-270 degrees; the theta value range of the fault diode with the serial number D3 is 270-330 degrees; the theta value range of the fault diode with the serial number of D4 is 330 degrees to 360 degrees and 0 degree to 30 degrees; the theta value range of the fault diode with the serial number of D5 is 30-90 degrees; the theta value range of the fault diode with the serial number of D6 is 90-150 degrees;
step 4, determining whether the fault diode is an open-circuit fault or a short-circuit fault:
(1) and when the fault diode is judged to be D1 or D4, I'α＝Iα，I′β＝Iβ(ii) a When the fault diode is judged to be D3 or D6,
Figure FDA0002770897390000021
when the failed tube is either D2 or D5,
Figure FDA0002770897390000022
the per unit processed alpha phase current and beta phase current are I ″)α、I″βThen, then
Figure FDA0002770897390000023
(2) And taking the ratio of the projection span of the current track on the alpha axis to the projection span on the beta axis as the length-width ratio of the current track:
Figure FDA0002770897390000024
I″αmax I″αminis I' in one cycleαMaximum and minimum values of; i ″)βmax、I″βminIs I' in one cycleβMaximum and minimum values of;
(3) aspect ratio Q and set threshold Q0By comparison, if Q > Q0And if not, judging that the fault diode in the rotary rectifier has an open-circuit fault.
2. According to the rightThe method for detecting and locating faults of a three-stage starter generator rotating rectifier on line according to claim 1, is characterized in that: d is0The value of (a) is 0 to 0.1.
3. The method of claim 1 for online detection and location of faults in a three-stage starter generator rotating rectifier, wherein: said Q0Is between 0.433 and 0.866.
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