CN108196154B - Fault detection and fault positioning method for rotary rectifier of aviation three-stage synchronous motor - Google Patents

Fault detection and fault positioning method for rotary rectifier of aviation three-stage synchronous motor Download PDF

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CN108196154B
CN108196154B CN201711254653.2A CN201711254653A CN108196154B CN 108196154 B CN108196154 B CN 108196154B CN 201711254653 A CN201711254653 A CN 201711254653A CN 108196154 B CN108196154 B CN 108196154B
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fault
aviation
synchronous motor
thd
exciter
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魏志煌
刘卫国
庞基
张赞
焦宁飞
王尧
孙承浩
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a fault detection and fault positioning method for an aviation three-level synchronous motor rotating rectifier, which judges whether the rotating rectifier has a fault or not through a distortion rate residual error of a waveform, judges whether the rotating rectifier is open circuit or open circuit and whether an upper arm diode or a lower arm diode has the fault through the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of phase current of a three-phase rotor of a main exciter in a period if the rotating rectifier has the fault, and can realize the functions of fault diagnosis and fault positioning. Has the advantages that: whether the rotary rectifier has a fault can be accurately judged; which diode short circuit or open circuit can be accurately positioned.

Description

Fault detection and fault positioning method for rotary rectifier of aviation three-stage synchronous motor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of brushless electric excitation synchronous motor fault detection, and relates to a fault detection and fault positioning method for an aviation three-level synchronous motor rotating rectifier.
Background
In an aviation brushless electrically excited synchronous motor, an exciter rectifies output through a rotating rectifier to provide exciting current for a main generator. The rotating rectifier is more prone to failure than other parts due to the higher speed and temperature, and therefore failure detection of the rotating rectifier is of great significance. The fault of the rotating rectifier can be divided into a short circuit condition and a short circuit condition. Under the condition of short circuit, the current flowing through the diode can be increased sharply, and other normal devices can be further damaged if the protection is not carried out; in the case of an open circuit, the exciting current is reduced, the torque ripple is increased, and the load capacity of the motor is reduced. Therefore, before and after the system is operated and started, the rotating rectifier needs to be subjected to fault detection and positioning, and the workload of manual detection is reduced. It is therefore important to analyze how a diode can be identified and located in the event of an open circuit or short circuit.
At present, a plurality of methods for detecting faults of the rotating rectifier exist, and the following two methods are mainly used for the simple and practical method:
(1) an auxiliary winding method. The method is that a detection coil is arranged between the magnetic poles of the motor, and the signals obtained by the detection coil are processed and analyzed, so that the fault detection and positioning are carried out. This method requires a change in the structure of the motor, which increases the cost, and is not suitable for use particularly in a motor having a predetermined structure.
(2) The harmonic wave generated by fault of rotating rectifier is used to induce corresponding signal at stator side for detection. The method is characterized in that the fault identification and positioning are carried out on the rotating rectifier by analyzing signals on the stator side of the main generator or the stator side of the main exciter and adopting methods such as a threshold value method, an artificial intelligence algorithm, fuzzy mode identification and the like. Such methods require a large number of data samples to train.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fault detection and fault positioning method for an aviation three-stage synchronous motor rotating rectifier.
Technical scheme
A fault detection and fault location method for an aviation three-stage synchronous motor rotating rectifier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of collecting stator side voltage and current of a main exciter of the aviation brushless electric excitation synchronous motor, and estimating rotor current of the main exciter through a stator flux linkage:
Figure BDA0001492400120000021
in the formula:
Figure BDA0001492400120000022
ueαs、ueβsis the exciter stator voltage; i.e. ieαs、ieβsIs the exciter stator current; res、LesThe exciter stator resistance and inductance; mesrThe stator and the rotor are mutually inducted; thetaerIs the rotor position; i.e. iear、iebr、iecrIs the exciter rotor current;
step 2: carrying out harmonic analysis on the estimated three-phase rotor current to obtain a harmonic distortion rate:
THDx、THDy、THDz(x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z);
and step 3: calculate the residual of the distortion rate between any two phases:
Rz=|THDx-THDy|;x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z;
and 4, step 4: if the residual error meets the following formula, the system is normal, and the step 1 is repeated:
Figure BDA0001492400120000023
otherwise, the rotating rectifier is proved to be in failure;
Kth1is a predetermined value less than 0;
and 5: and (3) calculating the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the rotor current estimated in the step 1 in one period:
Kx、Ky、Kz(x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z);
step 6: with Kx、Ky、KzAnd a threshold value Kth2And comparing to judge whether the circuit is short-circuit or open-circuit and positioning faults, wherein the judgment is based on the following table:
Figure BDA0001492400120000031
said Kth1Is 0.17.
The threshold value Kth2Is 1.0.
Advantageous effects
The fault detection and fault positioning method for the rotary rectifier of the aviation three-stage synchronous motor provided by the invention has the advantages that whether the rotary rectifier has a fault or not is judged through the distortion rate residual error of the waveform, if the rotary rectifier has the fault, whether the rotary rectifier is in an open circuit or an open circuit and whether an upper arm diode or a lower arm diode has the fault is judged through the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the phase current of the three-phase rotor of the main exciter in one period, and the fault diagnosis and positioning functions can be realized.
The method of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) whether the rotary rectifier has a fault or not can be accurately judged.
(2) Which diode short circuit or open circuit can be accurately positioned.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic structural diagram of aviation three-stage synchronous motor
FIG. 2: rotor current estimated from system normality to D1 open circuit period
FIG. 3: rotor current estimated from system normality to D1 short circuit period
FIG. 4: three-phase rotor current waveform distortion rate THD change curve
FIG. 5: residual error change curve of three-phase rotor current waveform distortion rate
FIG. 6: curve of sum of maximum and minimum values of three-phase rotor current in one period
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) for an aviation brushless electric excitation synchronous motor (see fig. 1), the stator side voltage and current of a main exciter are collected in real time, the rotor current of the main exciter is estimated through a stator flux linkage (see fig. 2 and 3), and the estimation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001492400120000041
in the formula:
Figure BDA0001492400120000042
ueαs、ueβsis the exciter stator voltage; i.e. ieαs、ieβsIs the exciter stator current; res、LesThe exciter stator resistance and inductance; mesrThe stator and the rotor are mutually inducted; thetaerIs the rotor position; i.e. iear、iebr、iecrIs the exciter rotor current;
(2) carrying out harmonic analysis on the estimated three-phase rotor current to obtain a harmonic distortion rate
THDx、THDy、THDz(x, y, z ≠ a, b, c; x ≠ y ≠ z), see FIG. 4.
(3) Calculate the residual of the distortion rate between any two phases:
Rz=|THDx-THDy|;x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z;
the resulting residual curve is shown in FIG. 5.
(4) If the residual error meets the following formula, the system is normal, and the step 1 is switched to, otherwise, a fault occurs:
Figure BDA0001492400120000051
Kth1is a predetermined value close to 0 and is 0.17. As can be seen from FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, the residual R is 0.05-0.1 sa<Kth1;Rb,Rc>Kth1Indicating a fault at this point, which is consistent with an actual open fault of diode D1. From R within 0.15 to 0.2sa<Kth1;Rb,Rc>Kth1It is known that a fault also occurs at this time, which coincides with an actual D1 open circuit fault. R is present for 0 to 0.05 and 0.1 to 0.15sa,Rb,Rc<Kth1It is shown that no failure occurred during this period, which is in line with reality
(5) And (3) solving the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value in one period for the rotor current estimated in the step 1: kx、Ky、Kz(x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z)
(6) Setting a threshold K due to actual interferenceth2Is 1.0. By Kx、Ky、KzAnd a threshold value Kth2The comparison is performed to determine whether the short circuit or the open circuit occurs and to locate the fault according to the following table 1. For example, K is present for 0.05 to 0.1sa<-Kth2;-Kth2<Kb,Kc<Kth2At this time, the diode D1 is open; k is in the range of 0.15 to 0.2sa>Kth2;Kb,Kc<-Kth2It is known that the rotating rectifier diode D1 has a short-circuit fault at this time.
Fault location judging meter
Figure BDA0001492400120000052
The fault diagnosis and positioning provided by the invention are completely consistent with the actual state of the rotary rectifier, and can completely meet the requirements of diagnosis and positioning of short circuit or open circuit of one diode of the rotary rectifier.

Claims (3)

1. A fault detection and fault location method for an aviation three-stage synchronous motor rotating rectifier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of collecting stator side voltage and current of a main exciter of the aviation brushless electric excitation synchronous motor, and estimating rotor current of the main exciter through a stator flux linkage:
Figure FDA0002340588470000011
in the formula:
Figure FDA0002340588470000012
ueαs、ueβsis the exciter stator voltage; i.e. ieαs、ieβsIs the exciter stator current; res、LesThe exciter stator resistance and inductance; mesrThe stator and the rotor are mutually inducted; thetaerIs the rotor position; i.e. iear、iebr、iecrIs the exciter rotor current;
step 2: carrying out harmonic analysis on the estimated three-phase rotor current to obtain a harmonic distortion rate:
THDx、THDy、THDz,x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z;
and step 3: calculate the residual of the distortion rate between any two phases:
Rz=|THDx-THDy|;x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z;
and 4, step 4: if the residual error meets the following formula, the system is normal, and the step 1 is repeated:
Figure FDA0002340588470000013
otherwise, the rotating rectifier is proved to be in failure;
Kth1a predetermined value greater than 0;
and 5: and (3) calculating the sum of the maximum value and the minimum value of the rotor current estimated in the step 1 in one period:
Kx、Ky、Kz,x,y,z=a,b,c;x≠y≠z;
step 6: with Kx、Ky、KzAnd a threshold value Kth2And comparing to judge whether the circuit is short-circuit or open-circuit and positioning faults, wherein the judgment is based on the following table:
Figure FDA0002340588470000021
2. the aviation three-stage synchronous motor rotating rectifier fault detection and fault location method according to claim 1, characterized in that: said Kth1Is 0.17.
3. The aviation three-stage synchronous motor rotating rectifier fault detection and fault location method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the threshold value Kth2Is 1.0.
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CN110868112B (en) * 2019-11-12 2021-06-01 许昌学院 Method and device for detecting initial position of motor rotor based on K-approach optimization estimation
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