CN110469312A - 一种具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，包括清水罐、混配车、缓冲罐、混砂车、压裂装置、井口和节流管汇，所述清水罐出口与混配车进口连接，所述混配车出口与缓冲罐进口连接，所述缓冲罐出口与混砂车进口连接，所述混砂车出口与压裂装置进口连接，所述井口设有多个法兰，所述井口的其中一法兰与节流管汇连接，所述井口的其余法兰与压裂装置出口连接，所述节流管汇的出口回流至清水罐，形成闭路循环系统。有益效果：采用蒸汽车能快速加热液体，使胍胶充分溶胀；在夜晚不施工时，采用全管线循环和保温保障了设备正常运行，避免了拆卸管线，又防止设备冻堵。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉油田压裂领域，具体涉及一种具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统。
背景技术
冬天天气寒冷，液体温度低交联不好且结冰造成设备及管线冰堵造成安全事故，为保油田生产安全，常常选择“冬休”，如果特殊原因要施工常采用电加热棒和热油融蜡车加热液体，液罐加保温棉进行保温，伴热带加热管线及设备。但是在冬季寒冷情况下，保温棉保温效果极差，大排量施工情况下，液体流速过快电加热棒和热油融蜡车加热效果可以忽略不计，而且电加热棒在加热胍胶溶液时使胍胶附着到表面温度过高电加热棒烧坏。在施工过程中导致胍胶溶胀效果差，且需要多台热油融腊车和若干加热棒。同时在夜晚不施工时对压裂设备和管线防冻只能进行部分循环和拆卸管线，上述方法费时费力效果不好。
发明内容
本发明的目的克服现有技术的不足，提供一种具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，可以在施工时，使液体容易加热从而交联效果良好，同时在不施工时，无需拆卸管线，采用液体全线路循环防冻方式，设备设施防冻及运行良好，能在冬天极寒条件下正常施工，能在夜间设备循环不上冻保证第二天正常施工。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施达到的：
一种具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，包括清水罐、混配车、缓冲罐、混砂车、压裂装置、井口和节流管汇，所述清水罐出口与混配车进口连接，所述混配车出口与缓冲罐进口连接，所述缓冲罐出口与混砂车进口连接，所述混砂车出口与压裂装置进口连接，所述井口设有多个法兰，所述井口的其中一法兰与节流管汇连接，所述井口的其余法兰与压裂装置出口连接，所述节流管汇的出口回流至清水罐，形成闭路循环系统。
进一步地，所述具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统包括放喷池，所述放喷池与节流管汇连接。
进一步地，所述具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统包括蒸汽车，所述蒸汽车通过软管与缓冲罐连接。
进一步地，所述蒸汽车为一台以上。
进一步地，所述具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统包括软体罐，所述软体罐通过软管与清水罐连接。
进一步地，所述软体罐内设有加热棒。
进一步地，所述压裂装置包括高低压分配器和压裂车，所述高低压分配器和压裂车连接，所述压裂车有多台，多台压裂车之间并联。
进一步地，所述清水罐与混配车之间、混配车与缓冲罐之间、缓冲罐与混砂车之间、混砂车与压裂装置之间均通过软管连接。
进一步地，所述混砂车供液压力为400-500KPa。
进一步地，所述混配车的排量大于等于混砂车的排量。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：施工时采用蒸汽车能快速加热液体，使胍胶充分溶胀、增加液体交联效果，免去用加热棒和保温棉、热油融蜡车等费时费力的步骤，并可以计算出所需蒸汽车台数；在夜晚不施工时，采用全管线循环和保温保障了设备正常运行，避免了拆卸管线，又防止设备冻堵，采用这种循环又省力，避免了人员劳累，最重要是保证设备正常运行避免发生重大事故。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统的结构示意图。
其中，1、清水罐，2、混配车，3、缓冲罐，4、混砂车，5、高低压分配器，6、压裂车，7、井口，8、节流管汇，9、放喷池，10、软体罐，11、蒸汽车。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，施工时，软体罐10上安装的加热棒开启，防止软体罐10排出口上冻，清水经软管进入清水罐1，清水罐1内的清水经软管泵入混配车2进行胍胶液配制，配制的胍胶液由混配车2经软管泵入缓冲罐3，同时蒸汽车11内的蒸汽经软管进入缓冲罐3对胍胶液进行加热，高温蒸汽加入缓冲罐3中能迅速使胍胶溶胀，而且温度立马被液体降低，不会破坏胍胶液性能；同时蒸汽车11软管在溶液摆动更是搅拌增加胍胶溶胀，所述蒸汽车11为一台以上。溶胀后的胍胶液由缓冲罐3经软管泵入混砂车4进行混砂处理，后经软管进入压裂装置，所述压裂装置包括高低压分配器5和压裂车6，高低压分配器5和压裂车6连接，所述压裂车6有多台，多台压裂车6之间并联，胍胶液由混砂车4进入高低压分配器5，经压裂车6加压后由井口7法兰进入井口7进行油田压裂操作，井口7设有多个法兰，在压裂施工过程中如果出现砂堵或需要走泵排空，可以打开节流管汇8后的旋塞，将液体放喷至放喷池9，保证施工安全。
在夜晚停工时，清水罐1内的清水经软管泵入混配车2进行胍胶液配制，配制的胍胶液由混配车2经软管泵入缓冲罐3，后由缓冲罐3经软管泵入混砂车4，混配车2的排量大于等于混砂车4的排量，混砂车4供液压力为400-500KPa，胍胶液由混砂车4经软管泵入高低压分配器5，关闭井口7与其下端管线的连接阀门，胍胶液由井口7法兰流经井口7后由其中一法兰流出，胍胶液流经节流管汇8回流至清水罐1，只需要混配车2初始配液，即可实现管线闭路循环，这样所有管线液体为流动的，实现循环管线及设备的防冻；同时关闭节流管汇8与放喷池9之间管线上的旋塞，放空节流管汇8与放喷池9之间连接管线内的液体，实现节流管汇8与放喷池9之间管线的无保护防冻；打开软体罐10内的加热棒，防止软体罐10排出口上冻，实现全施工管线和设备的防冻和保温。
实施例1，如图1所示，在冬天施工中最大的问题是水温过低，在连续混配快速配液中，液体流速过快电加热棒和热油融蜡车加热效果可以忽略不计，而且电加热棒在加热胍胶溶液时，胍胶附着到表面导致温度过高电加热棒烧坏，采用蒸汽车11能快速加热液体，蒸汽温度高加入瓜胶缓冲罐3中能迅速使瓜胶溶胀，而且温度立马被液体降低，不会破坏瓜胶液性能；而且蒸汽车11软管在水里摆动更是搅拌增加瓜胶溶胀。
采用蒸汽车11对胍胶液体系加热溶胀过程，达到换热平衡时所需要的蒸汽质量X可以如下计算：
X(H1-H2)＝QρC(T2-T1)
其中，H1为水蒸气的焓值；
H2为水蒸气液化换热之后水的焓值；
Q为压裂施工排量；
ρ为T2温度下胍胶体系的密度；
T1为胍胶体系受热前的温度；
T2为胍胶体系换热之后的温度。
通常胍胶液体系溶胀及交联温度在≥5℃，压裂施工排量在8m3/min，胍胶液体系为水溶性体系，可近似参考水的参数进行计算，下面以蒸汽车工作压力为0.5MPa，环境温度为0℃为例，计算所需水蒸气质量为：
X*1000(2748.5-20.94)＝8*1000*4.2*(5-0)
可计算出，假设压裂排量8m3/min，所需要蒸汽的量为0.06kg/min，按照每小时所用水蒸气3.6kg，相比热油融腊车，蒸汽车加热胍胶液体系热传递更高效，胍胶溶胀更好，节约了大量的成本。实际要根据现场条件来计算和验证蒸汽车台数，在配以适量加热棒加热增加加热效果。
在夜晚停工时，容积为40m3的清水罐1内的清水经软管泵入混配车2进行胍胶液配制，混配车2采用8m3/min大排量，配制的胍胶液由混配车2经软管全部泵入缓冲罐3，需要5min，后经软管泵入混砂车4，混砂车4供液压力为400KPa，排出流量为0.5m3/min，混砂车4全部排完缓冲罐3内胍胶液需1.3h，混砂车4可由流量计设置成自动操作。由此在混砂车4排液期间，从清水罐1到缓冲罐3入口之前的所有软管及设备中均无胍胶液，可以实现防冻。软管可优选为防冻性能的软管，以增加设备连接的防冻性。期间混配车2人员可以休息1.3h。缓冲罐3内的胍胶液由混砂车4经软管泵入高低压分配器5，关闭井口7与其下端管线的连接阀门，胍胶液由井口7其中一法兰流经井口7后由另一法兰流出，胍胶液流经节流管汇8回流至清水罐1，每隔3h起动压裂车6进行走泵，防止因循环不好造成设备结冰。只需要混配车2初始配液，即可实现管线闭路循环，这样所有管线液体为流动的，实现循环管线及设备的防冻；同时关闭节流管汇8与放喷池9之间管线上的旋塞，放空节流管汇8与放喷池9之间连接管线内的液体，实现节流管汇8与放喷池9之间管线的无保护防冻；打开软体罐10内的加热棒，防止软体罐10排出口上冻，实现全施工管线和设备的防冻和保温。
本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，包括清水罐、混配车、缓冲罐、混砂车、压裂装置、井口和节流管汇，所述清水罐出口与混配车进口连接，所述混配车出口与缓冲罐进口连接，所述缓冲罐出口与混砂车进口连接，所述混砂车出口与压裂装置进口连接，所述井口设有多个法兰，所述井口的其中一法兰与节流管汇连接，所述井口的其余法兰与压裂装置出口连接，所述节流管汇的出口回流至清水罐，形成闭路循环系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统包括放喷池，所述放喷池与节流管汇连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统包括蒸汽车，所述蒸汽车通过软管与缓冲罐连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述蒸汽车为一台以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统包括软体罐，所述软体罐通过软管与清水罐连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述软体罐内设有加热棒。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述压裂装置包括高低压分配器和压裂车，所述高低压分配器和压裂车连接，所述压裂车有多台，多台压裂车之间并联。
8.根据权利要求1所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述清水罐与混配车之间、混配车与缓冲罐之间、缓冲罐与混砂车之间、混砂车与压裂装置之间均通过软管连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述混砂车供液压力为400-500KPa。
10.根据权利要求1所述的具有防冻性能的油田压裂系统，其特征在于，所述混配车的排量大于等于混砂车的排量。
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