CN110452828B - 罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株及其应用 - Google Patents
罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110452828B CN110452828B CN201910259091.3A CN201910259091A CN110452828B CN 110452828 B CN110452828 B CN 110452828B CN 201910259091 A CN201910259091 A CN 201910259091A CN 110452828 B CN110452828 B CN 110452828B
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- lactobacillus reuteri
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Abstract
本发明涉及罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株LTR1318及其应用,保藏编号是CCTCC M2019017,可应用于制备食品、保健品、药品、食品补充剂,也可应用于抑制大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌。LTR1318具有耐受人体胃肠环境能力,在胃肠道内具有较好的肠道粘附和集中共生繁殖潜力,没有产生生物胺的潜在危害,具有优良的抑制有害菌能力,对常用的四类抗生素红霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、万古霉素敏感,具有相对比较安全的使用价值。使用LTR1318制作的乳制品持水力高,比其他普通牛乳的酸奶香味更加浓郁,保存时间更长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一株罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株及其应用。
背景技术
罗伊氏乳杆菌为革兰氏阳性菌,几乎可存在于所有脊椎动物和哺乳动物肠道内。罗伊氏 乳杆菌能够产生一种被称作“reuterin”的广谱抑菌物质,能促进肠道健康、口腔健康,对某些 致病菌具有很强的拮抗能力,降低肝脏伤害后发生的肠道微生物菌群紊乱风险,缓解某些抗 癌药在高剂量时引起的严重性小肠、结肠炎。我国卫生部2003年批准罗伊氏乳杆菌为可用于 保健食品的益生菌菌种。该菌株的人体摄入安全性可由若干体外和动物临床研究所保证。因 此它可用于各种食品、保健食品和微生态制品或药品。
罗伊氏乳杆菌在肠道内的数量随年龄变化而变化,从而影响着人体的生理病理状况,一 般随年龄增长逐渐减少,所以在百岁老人肠道中能够生存下来的罗伊氏乳杆菌尤为珍贵。广 西巴马是闻名世界的长寿之乡,分离该地区长寿老人肠道内的罗伊氏乳杆菌,对其特性进行 研究,并根据其特性进行开发应用,对丰富现有市场益生菌来源、提高现有市场益生菌产品 的质量具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一株罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株。
本发明的第二个目的是提供以上罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株的应用。
实现上述第一个发明目的的技术方案是:所述罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株的保藏编号是CCTCC NO:M 2019017,其核苷酸包含SEQ ID NO:1至SEQ ID NO:17所示的特征序列。该罗伊氏乳 杆菌菌株可以活体形式存在,也可以非活体形式存在。作为优选,以冻干粉形式存在。
实现上述第二个发明目的的技术方案是:上述罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株可应用于制备食品、保 健品、药品、食品补充剂,也可应用于抑制大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆 菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌。
本发明的罗伊氏乳杆菌菌株LTR1318具有耐受人体胃肠环境能力,在胃肠道内具有较好 的肠道粘附和集中共生繁殖潜力,没有产生生物胺的潜在危害,具有优良的抑制有害菌能 力,对常用的四类抗生素红霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、万古霉素敏感,说明LTR1318具有相 对比较安全的使用价值。使用LTR1318制作的乳制品持水力高,比其他普通牛乳的酸奶香味 更加浓郁,保存时间更长。
附图说明
图1革兰氏染色后乳杆菌的细胞形态。
图2专用引物对LTR1318单菌落特异性PCR验证结果
图3 LTR1318全基因图
图4 LTR1318生物胺检测结果
生物材料保藏信息
LTR1318,分类命名为罗伊氏乳杆菌LTR1318(Lactobacillus reuteri LTR1318),已于2019 年1月4日在位于中国.武汉.武汉大学的中国典型培养物保藏中心保藏,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2019017。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中的试验结果皆以平均值±标准差(Means±SD)表示,或平行试验三 次测值,取平均值,R表示耐受,I表示适度耐受,S表示敏感,“+”表示结果呈阳性反 应,“-”表示结果呈阴性反应。统计分析使用单因子变异数分析[One-way analysis ofvariance(One-way ANOVA)],并以Tukey多重比较检验(Tukey′s Multiple ComparisonTest)比 较组间差异,当组间差异显著(P<0.05)时,同列或同行用不同字母的上标或*、**表示。
MRS选择培养基、TPY(胰蛋白酶解酪蛋白、蛋白胨和酵母提取物)液态培养基、LB肉汤液体培养基、LSM琼脂培养基皆为本领域常用培养基。NCBI表示美国国家生物技术信息中心。BLAST(Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)为生物信息分析软件名称。DNA测序单位是生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,测序仪器:Illumina公司的Hiseq-2500 150PE测序平台。
实施例1菌种筛选与鉴定
1.菌种筛选与初步鉴定
取广西壮族自治区巴马县2个月以内未服用任何抗生素或乳酸杆菌制剂且居住地位置分 散的百岁以上老人粪便样品,用无菌磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶解并稀释成梯度浓度,涂布在含有 CaCO3的MRS选择培养基平板上,37℃厌氧培养。挑取MRS培养基上含溶钙圈的单菌落进 行多代划线培养以纯化。观察菌落形态特征为乳白色,圆形凸起,边缘整齐,轻微不规则弯 曲杆状,单个或成对。挑取细胞形态特征为杆状、革兰氏染色呈阳性、过氧化氢酶呈阴性、 产酸并在有氧环境下生长良好的细菌接种至TPY液体培养基,37℃厌氧培养,菌液保存,编 号为LTR1318。革兰氏染色后乳杆菌的细胞形态见图1。
2.生理生化特性
对LTR1318和对照菌株罗伊氏乳杆菌CICC6132(购于中国工业微生物菌种保藏中心) 进行过氧化氢酶试验、明胶液化试验、石蕊牛乳试验、淀粉水解实验、吲哚试验、葡萄糖产 酸产气试验、运动性试验、产硫化氢试验、硝酸盐还原试验(结果见表1)以及糖类发酵试验(结果见表2)。LTR1318表现出了乳酸菌的生理生化特性,且LTR1318和CICC6132糖 利用情况一致。参考《乳酸细菌分类鉴定及实验方法》中的糖发酵实验结论,可初步认定菌 株LTR1318为罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)。
表1菌株的生理生化特性
表2菌株的糖发酵试验结果
3. 16S rDNA序列鉴定
提取LTR1318基因组DNA。将提取的LTR1318基因组DNA作为模板进行聚合酶链式反应 (Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR),通用引物为:
27F:5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′
1492R:5′-GGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′
PCR产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳,电泳结果见图2。图2显示在约1500bp处出现了荧光条带,无明显拖尾现象,说明PCR扩增成功,满足16S rDNA测序需要。将LTR1318的16S rDNA序列在核酸序列数据库(Genebank)中进行Blast比对。相似度前5位见表3。与 LTR1318的16SrDNA序列相似度高的菌株均为罗伊氏乳杆菌,分别是菌株NBRC 15892、 DSM 20016和F275,其次为谷物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus frumentistrain)TMW 1.666和发酵乳 杆菌(Lactobacillusfermentium)IFO 3956。在此基础上进行系统发育树分析,结果显示LTR1318与罗伊氏乳杆菌在同一分支上且序列同源性为100%。
表3 LTR1318 16S rDNA序列相似性比对结果
综合LTR1318的形态特征、生理生化特征、糖发酵实验结果,以及16S rDNA序列比对结 果,同时参考系统进化树分析,将LTR1318的分类学地位确定为罗伊氏乳杆菌。
实施例2 LTR1318全基因组和特征序列
LTR1318 DNA序列检测结果显示LTR1318基因组由1条染色体和1个质粒组成,其中染色 体基因组为环状,平均鸟嘌呤(G)和胸嘧啶(C)之和含量为38.97%,长度为2,047,619bp,含2,083个独立编码区(CDSs),平均长度为855bp,编码区总长度占全基因组的比例为87.02%。
在所有的2,083个独立编码基因中,有1,440个基因能够归类至直系同源群(Cluster of Orthologous Group,COG)功能分类数据库中,参与复制、重组和修复的基因有79个,参与 氨基酸转运和代谢的基因有136个,参与能量代谢的基因有72个,参与无机盐转运和代谢的 基因有67个。另外有81个基因功能未知,被定义为假定蛋白,505个基因与COG数据库中 的基因无任何匹配。
将LTR1318碱基序列与NCBI数据库比对,LTR1318基因组DNA中大部分序列与罗伊氏乳杆菌IRT和JCM 1112一致,差异序列中,有17段序列存在专有性差异,体现了罗伊氏 乳杆菌LTR1318基因组的专有特征。LTR1318的这段17段特征序列如SEQ ID NO:1~SEQ IDNO:17所示。图3是LTR1318的全基因序列。
实施例3 LTR1318实用性
为测试LTR1318的实用价值,本发明对LTR1318模拟胃肠转运的耐受性、表面疏水性 和自动凝集性、抑菌能力进行了测试,结果分别见表4至表6。表4至表6显示LTR1318具有比较好的肠道益生潜力。
1.模拟胃肠转运耐受性实验
模拟胃肠转运耐受性实验方法是:LTR1318与对照菌株CICC6132都接种于10mLTPY 液态培养基,在需氧和37℃条件下过夜培养,离心,沉淀用无菌磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤,用无菌 磷酸盐缓冲液重悬浮并进行梯度稀释,取稀释液100uL涂布在TPY固体琼脂培养基上,37℃培养48h,计数;再取1mL稀释液添加到模拟胃液,37℃培养30min,得到模拟胃液 培养物。取1mL模拟胃液培养物稀释并涂布在TPY液体培养基上,37℃培养48h,计数, 另取1mL模拟胃液培养物添加到模拟肠液,37℃继续培养2h,取1mL模拟肠液培养物稀释 涂布在TPY固体琼脂培养基上,37℃培养48h,计数,计算存活率,结果见表4。模拟胃液 组成为:含1500u的胃蛋白酶(Amresco产品)、125mM NaCl、7mM KCl、45mM NaHCO3、pH2.5的MRS液态培养基;模拟肠液的组成为:含1500u的胰蛋白酶(Amresco 产品)、45mM NaCl、0.3%的牛胆汁(Sigma产品)、pH8的MRS液态培养基。
式中:N0-0h活菌数;N1-经模拟胃液消化3h后的活菌数;N2-经模拟肠液消化24h后的活菌数。
乳酸菌发挥生理功能特性的活菌数临界值为106CFU/mL。由表4可知,菌株LTR1318在 模拟胃液条件下存活率为100.99%,在模拟肠液作用后的存活率为92.49%,说明菌株LTR1318对模拟胃液、肠液有良好的耐受性。对比阳性对照菌株CICC6132在模拟胃肠液作用后存活率(77.68%,96.37%),可初步认为此菌株具有耐受人体胃肠作用,并留居宿主肠道内发挥其益生作用的良好潜力。
表4 LTR1318在模拟胃肠液中的活菌数(Logcfu/mL)和存活率(%)
2.菌体表面疏水性和自动凝集性筛选实验
菌体表面疏水性检测方法是:通过测定微生物粘附碳氢化合物来分析菌体细胞的表面疏 水性。LTR1318菌体细胞37℃过夜培养,4℃下离心富集菌体,用磷酸尿镁缓冲液洗涤后重 悬浮,调节其吸光度在波长600nm时达到0.8。取二甲苯1mL添加到细胞悬浮液中,室温条 件下预培育10min后涡旋使其充分混合,然后在室温下继续培育20min使两相完全分离。吸 出上清液,测定其在波长600nm时的吸光度。
式中A0:与二甲苯混合前菌液OD值;A1:与二甲苯混匀后菌液OD值
自动凝集性筛选试验方法:菌体富集后用无菌磷酸盐缓冲溶液洗涤后使之重悬浮,使其 吸光度在波长600nm时达到0.8,取悬浮液37℃下静置培养2h后,取悬浮液测定其在波长 600nm时的吸光度。
式中Ai:0h悬浮液OD值;Af:2h上悬浮液OD值。
菌体表面疏水性和自动凝集性筛选实验结果见表5。表5显示LTR1318的表面疏水性和 自动凝集性均大于50%,明显高于对照菌株。说明LTR1318在胃肠内具有较好的肠道粘附和 集中共生繁殖潜力。
表5 LTR1318表面疏水性和自动凝集性
3.LTR1318的抑菌能力
抑菌能力试验方法:参照Olivares等方法略加改动。将致病菌(大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色 葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌)分别接种于LB肉汤液体培养基,37℃过夜培养,取致病菌种子液于45~50℃LB肉汤琼脂培养基内,混匀再倾倒至培养皿中,在每个培养皿的琼脂培养基上做直径6mm的圆洞。LTR1318与CICC6132分别过夜 培养,离心,测量上清液pH值,然后将上清液分成两份,将其中一份的pH值调为6.5(pH 6.5上清液),另一份的pH不变(原上清液);将同批次未接种的培养液pH值调至6.5 (pH6.5培养液),并用未调pH值的培养液作(原培养液)对照。以上原上清液、pH 6.5上 清液、原培养液、pH6.5培养液四种液体都通过无菌过滤膜除菌。将这四种液体分别加入圆 洞内,先在4℃冰箱预培养2h,再转移到37℃下培育48h后测量抑菌圈直径,通过分析 LTR1318的上清液、pH6.5上清液、pH 6.5培养液和培养液对五种致病菌的抑菌活性,初步 分析潜在抑菌活性物质,结果见表6。
由表6可知,上清液pH值为4.04,较原培养液(pH6.5培养液)有所下降,说明LTR1318代谢产生了有机酸。LTR1318上清液对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌五种致病菌的抑菌直径均大于10.00mm。上清液对五种致病菌有抑制作用,而且差异显著(P<0.05)。pH6.5上清液和培养液对致病菌均无抑制作用。pH6.5培养液对致病菌有抑制作用,但都比不上上清液对致病菌的抑制作用。说明菌株LTR1318具有正向化调节人肠道微生物的潜力。
表6筛选乳酸杆菌菌株对各种致病菌的抑菌活性
实施例4安全性
1.生物胺检测
现有技术表明有些乳酸杆菌有产生生物胺的脱羧酶活性,生物胺对消费者健康有潜在危 害。为了测试LTR1318的脱羧酶活性安全性,本研究采用氨基酸脱羧酶培养基定性评价法。
将LTR1318过夜培养,取菌液接种于含1%酪氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、赖氨酸(以上氨基酸为sigma产品)的脱酸酶培养基上,以溴甲酚紫为指示剂,在需氧和37℃条件下培育4天,观察菌体周围培养基颜色。以菌株CICC6132为阴性对照,以大肠杆菌为阳性对照。结 果如图4。图4显示LTR1318无脱羧酶活性,说明LTR1318没有产生生物胺的潜在危害。
2.抗生素药敏试验
被筛选的益生菌如果对某种抗生素不敏感,则说明它携带相应抗性基因。这种益生菌如 果在人体肠道内定植下来,它所携带的这种抗性基因就有通过某种方式植入其他微生物细胞 内的潜在危险,因此筛选的益生菌对抗生素的敏感性是越高越好,当然有些菌对某些抗生素 具有天然的抗性,并非来自其他菌株的传播。
本发明选用临床最常用的五类抗生素做药敏试验。LTR1318过夜培养,取菌液涂布于 LSM[90%标准药敏检测肉汤(isosensitest)和10%MRS]琼脂培养基,再将抗生素纸片(四环素、庆大霉素、红霉素、氯霉素、万古霉素)覆盖于琼脂培养基上,先在4℃预培育2 h,再转移到37℃培育48h,测量抑菌直径,参照临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)条款判断 敏感(S)、适度敏感(I)和耐受(R)。结果见表7。
表7菌株LTR1318的药敏性
除氯霉素以外,LTR1318对红霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、万古霉素均敏感,说明LTR1318具有相对比较安全的使用价值。
实施例5 LTR1318在食品领域的应用
LTR1318既能以活体形式应用于食品、保健品、药品,又能以非活体形式存在于食品、 保健品中。
作为应用实例之一,LTR1318可以冻干粉形式存在,制备方法如下:LTR1318发酵菌液 离心,去上清,经无菌生理盐水洗涤两次后,获得菌泥,用原发酵液1/10体积的生理盐水重 悬,将灭菌保护剂12%脱脂乳,7.0%海藻糖,1.0%L-谷氨酸钠,80 1.0%吐温与菌泥按照 10∶1比例混合,置-80℃冰箱中预冻6h后,取出放入真空冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥24h,即得LTR1318冻干菌粉。
作为应用实例之二,本发明LTR1318用于发酵乳制品——罗伊氏乳杆菌干酪乳杆菌混合 发酵乳的制作方法如下:水牛乳中加入8.0%(m/v)白砂糖,0.1%稳定剂,加热至60-65℃,20MPa加5MPa均质,95℃巴氏杀菌5min,接入3.0%(v/v)罗伊氏乳杆菌LTR1318和干 酪乳杆菌发酵剂,搅拌均匀,分装于200.0mL的玻璃奶瓶中,放置在39℃的温度下发酵,发 酵6.0h,酸度达83-87°T时停止发酵,放入4℃的冰箱中后熟24h,即可得到发酵乳制品。
该乳制品持水力达到了69.07%±0.34,硬度为38.115g,比其他普通牛乳的酸奶香味更加 浓郁,4℃下存放7天,酸度从88.42°T提升到98.62°T,硬度从38.115g下降至35.179g,从保藏 的第一天开始到第五天,活菌数从6.87×108CFU/mL增加到了7.23×108CFU/mL,第五天时最 高。第五天过后,活菌数开始逐渐下降,下降至6.38×108CFU/mL,7天后仍具有良好的可接 受性。
作为应用实例之三,本发明LTR1318以非活体形式存在于最终产品中,制作步骤是:
(1)将脱脂乳粉与水按1∶78调配,制得复原乳,所得复原乳加热到60℃灭菌,20MPa下均质,95℃下再杀菌5min,冷却到37℃,接种罗伊氏乳杆菌(108cfu/mL),37℃下恒温发酵72h,得到酸奶发酵液;
(2)将果胶40份、羧甲基纤维素钠20份、黄原胶20份和壳聚糖10份添加到常温水中,高 速剪切使羧甲基纤维素钠彻底溶解。水的添加量为果胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶和壳聚糖 总质量的2.5~3.0倍。
(3)将步骤(2)所得溶液与其同质量的酸奶发酵液混合,降温至25℃以下,调节酸度 至68°T;
(4)在步骤(3)所得混合液体中添加6~12%白砂糖,然后将混合液与水按1∶3混匀。 所得液体在37℃下均质,将所得均质液体升温至115~117℃下高温杀菌4~5s,冷却至15℃, 罐装冷藏。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本技术领域普通技术人员在不脱离本发明原理的 前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一株罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)菌株,其特征是:所述罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)菌株的保藏编号是CCTCC NO:M 2019017。
2.权利要求1所述罗伊氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus reuteri)菌株在制备抑制大肠埃希氏菌或金黄色葡萄球菌或蜡样芽胞杆菌或伤寒沙门氏菌或福氏志贺氏菌的药物或食品中的应用。
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