CN110445391A - 一种新型电动汽车电机控制器igbt驱动电源电路 - Google Patents

一种新型电动汽车电机控制器igbt驱动电源电路 Download PDF

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CN110445391A
CN110445391A CN201910687589.XA CN201910687589A CN110445391A CN 110445391 A CN110445391 A CN 110445391A CN 201910687589 A CN201910687589 A CN 201910687589A CN 110445391 A CN110445391 A CN 110445391A
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赵兵
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Shenzhen Kai Waugh Motor Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H02M3/3382—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull circuit arrangement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路，对比传统IGBT驱动电源电路，该方案主要采用PWM信号控制，采用高低边推挽驱动输出，经正激隔离放大处理，后级采用倍压整流输出对应的IGBT驱动电源，该方案具备电路高可靠性，外围元器件为传统电源电路的二分之一，回路控制简单，对磁性器件要求较低，无需较大的回路滤波电容及电压稳压模块，能大幅降低驱动板的面积，减小开关电源造成的EMC问题，成本优势明显，目前电机控制器功率密度越来越高、可靠性要求越来越严、体积及重量越来越小，成本要求越来越高，基于上述背景，本方案具备明显的技术和成本优势。

Description

一种新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路，其属于新能源电动汽车。
背景技术：
随着我国新能源汽车的迅猛发展，并预测到2020年我国新能源汽车的销量将达到212万辆，对应电驱动系统市场总规模约为389亿元，其中电机控制器作为新能源汽车最关键的零部件之一，目前市场竞争非常激烈，随着国外零部件及元器件厂家的深度参与，我国电机控制器市场对应的成本和技术挑战非常巨大，其中功率器件作为电机控制器技术发展的推动力量，未来电机控制器的体积将更小、耐压更高、高可靠性及高系统效率。
IGBT作为电机控制器最核心的零部件，其成本占整个控制器的50％左右，IGBT驱动性能的好坏直接决定整个电机控制器性能的好坏，现有主流IGBT驱动电源方案大部分采用反激式开关电源进行供电，一般由电源滤波处理电路、尖峰吸收电路、PWM发生电路、隔离变换单元、回馈调节电路、采样与保护、整流及滤波单元组成，其中反激式电源方案对隔离磁性元件要求较高，对其参数特性和制造工艺也较高，要求其具备的绕组也较多，对应的体积和成本都较大，工作过程中因为漏感及环路问题也容易产生EMI问题，外围电路及控制电路较为复杂，故障率较高，对磁性器件及电路环路要求较高。
发明内容：
本发明是为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题而提供一种新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路，对比传统IGBT驱动电源电路，该方案主要采用PWM信号控制，采用高低边推挽驱动输出，经正激隔离放大处理，后级采用倍压整流输出对应的IGBT驱动电源，该方案具备电路高可靠性，外围元器件为传统电源电路的二分之一，回路控制简单，对磁性器件要求较低，无需较大的回路滤波电容及电压稳压模块，能大幅降低驱动板的面积，减小开关电源造成的EMC问题，成本优势明显，目前电机控制器功率密度越来越高、可靠性要求越来越严、体积及重量越来越小，成本要求越来越高，基于上述背景，本方案具备明显的技术和成本优势。
本发明所采用的技术方案有：一种新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路，其特征在于：包括PWM调制产生电路、推挽输出电路以及隔离变换及整流输出电路；
所述PWM调制产生电路中电阻R1与电容C2同电源芯片U1的2脚组成频率振荡电路，电阻R2同电源芯片U1的1脚相连，组成电流采样电路，二极管D1、电容C3同电源VCC、电源芯片U1的6脚VS组成自举电路，所述电源VCC为经控制器主控板输入电源，幅值为12～16V之间；
所述推挽输出电路中MOS管Q1同MOS管Q2与电源VCC、GND连接，组成推挽输出桥，电阻R3、电阻R4分别同驱动信号连接，连接到MOS管的栅极，组成驱动电路；
所述隔离变换及整流输出电路中的电容C5为原边平衡电容，同驱动变压器的原边连接，变压器T1原边同名侧同推挽输出的PWM信号连接，将PWM调制信号传输至副边，变压器T1副边同名端与电容C6、二极管D2、二极管D3、电容C7组成二倍压整流电路，输出正电压V_T，变压器T1副边同名端与二极管D4、电容C8组成负压整流电路，输出负压V_B。
进一步地，由PWM调制产生电路产生的PWM信号直接驱动由MOS管Q1、MOS管Q2组成的推挽电路，以产生一个D＝50％、VPP＝VCC、f＝1/(2*R1*C2)的方波信号PWM_A，传递给隔离放大变压器。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明利用自振荡及半桥电源拓扑，以简单的外围电路和较少的器件实现两路驱动电压输出；
(2)对磁性器件要求低，无较复杂的制造工艺及参数要求，有效降低电路复杂程度和成本，大幅降低开关电源造成的电磁干扰；
(3)副边一个变压器绕组即可实现驱动正压及负压输出，无需反激电源方案的双绕组以及较大的滤波电容和假负载匹配；
(4)输入电压共用主控供电，无需额外的输入处理回路及采样反馈电路，输出电压稳定及输出纹波电流小；
(5)减少隔离变压器复杂程度，对磁性材料要求低，无需辅助绕组及较大感量要求，工艺简单，变压器体积及成本降低一半；
(6)原副变单绕组即可实现IGBT驱动的正压及负压供电，较反激式四个绕组才能实现正负压供电来说，电路及实现方式简单，对负载要求较低，不存在电源工作时起激问题，可靠性大幅提高。
附图说明：
图1为本发明新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路的示意图。
图2为PWM调制产生电路的示意图。
图3为推挽输出电路的示意图。
图4为隔离变换及整流输出电路的示意图。
图5为该新型驱动电源系统拓扑框图。
图6为传统驱动电源系统拓扑框架图。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
本发明新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路包括PWM调制产生电路、推挽输出电路以及隔离变换及整流输出电路。
其中PWM调制产生电路中电阻R1与电容C2同电源芯片U1的2脚(OSC)组成频率振荡电路，决定开关频率大小，电阻R2同电源芯片U1的1脚(CS)相连，组成电流采样电路，进行过流保护，二极管D1、电容C3同电源VCC、电源芯片U1的6脚VS(浮动地)组成自举电路，提供推上桥推挽驱动电源。
PWM调制产生电路基于自振荡半桥式控制芯片实现，其中VCC为经控制器主控板输入电源，为固定输入值，一般幅值为12～16V之间，一般可共用控制部分电源，无需额外增加产生电路，电路主要原理如下：
1)、输出开关频率大小由电阻R1、电容C2决定，对应关系为f＝1/(2*R1*C2)；
2)、上下桥输出死区时间一般为200ns左右，可以由电容C2调节其死区大小；
3)、G_HO、G_LO分别为高低边驱动输出，输出占空比为50％，上下桥信号为交替导通，死区时间为200ns，其中驱动输出电流能力为1A，输出幅值为VCC；
4)、PWM_A为推挽输出信号，VS为浮动地，分别驱动推挽管上下桥；
5)、该电路具备输出过流保护，内部集成ULVO欠压保护。
其中推挽输出电路由第一部分电路产生的PWM信号直接驱动由MOS管Q1、Q2组成的推挽电路，从而产生一个D＝50％、Vpp＝VCC、f＝1/(2*R1*C2)的方波信号PWM_A，从而传递给隔离放大变压器。其中MOS管Q1同MOS管Q2与电源Vcc、GND连接，组成推挽输出桥，电阻R3、电阻R4分别同驱动信号连接，连接到MOS管的栅极，组成驱动电路。
其中隔离变换及整流输出电路中的电容C5为原边平衡电容，同驱动变压器的原边连接，防止变压器磁饱和，变压器T1原边同名侧同推挽输出的PWM信号连接，将PWM调制信号传输至副边，变压器T1副边同名端与电容C6、二极管D2、二极管D3、电容C7组成二倍压整流电路，输出正电压V_T，变压器T1副边同名端与二极管D4、电容C8组成负压整流电路，输出负压V_B。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下还可以作出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路，其特征在于：包括PWM调制产生电路、推挽输出电路以及隔离变换及整流输出电路；
所述PWM调制产生电路中电阻R1与电容C2同电源芯片U1的2脚组成频率振荡电路，电阻R2同电源芯片U1的1脚相连，组成电流采样电路，二极管D1、电容C3同电源VCC、电源芯片U1的6脚VS组成自举电路，所述电源VCC为经控制器主控板输入电源，幅值为12～16V之间；
所述推挽输出电路中MOS管Q1同MOS管Q2与电源VCC、GND连接，组成推挽输出桥，电阻R3、电阻R4分别同驱动信号连接，连接到MOS管的栅极，组成驱动电路；
所述隔离变换及整流输出电路中的电容C5为原边平衡电容，同驱动变压器的原边连接，变压器T1原边同名侧同推挽输出的PWM信号连接，将PWM调制信号传输至副边，变压器T1副边同名端与电容C6、二极管D2、二极管D3、电容C7组成二倍压整流电路，输出正电压V_T，变压器T1副边同名端与二极管D4、电容C8组成负压整流电路，输出负压V_B。
2.如权利要求1所述的新型电动汽车电机控制器IGBT驱动电源电路，其特征在于：由PWM调制产生电路产生的PWM信号直接驱动由MOS管Q1、MOS管Q2组成的推挽电路，以产生一个D＝50％、VPP＝VCC、f＝1/(2*R1*C2)的方波信号PWM_A，传递给隔离放大变压器。
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CN111740570A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-10-02 广东恒发电器科技有限公司 一种高效隔离驱动电路及驱动方法
CN113381610A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2021-09-10 北京烁科中科信电子装备有限公司 一种高压产生电路

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CN113381610A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2021-09-10 北京烁科中科信电子装备有限公司 一种高压产生电路
CN111740570A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-10-02 广东恒发电器科技有限公司 一种高效隔离驱动电路及驱动方法

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Application publication date: 20191112