CN110440760B - Preparation method of high-precision photogrammetry target - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-precision photogrammetry target Download PDFInfo
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- CN110440760B CN110440760B CN201910749901.3A CN201910749901A CN110440760B CN 110440760 B CN110440760 B CN 110440760B CN 201910749901 A CN201910749901 A CN 201910749901A CN 110440760 B CN110440760 B CN 110440760B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of photogrammetry, in particular to a preparation method of a high-precision photogrammetry target, which comprises the following steps: processing at least two supporting planes on a sphere to obtain a body of a measuring target; processing at least two reflecting units, wherein the reflecting units comprise reflecting mirrors and identification marks arranged on the reflecting mirrors, and mounting the reflecting units on a supporting plane. The measuring target manufactured by the method has a strong light return reflection effect, the identification mark is used as a background, and the contrast is obvious, so that the manufactured measuring target can obtain a mark image with high contrast under the condition of low-intensity exposure, and the method is suitable for the field of high-precision photogrammetry. During photogrammetry, when a camera images at different stations, photogrammetry targets can be accurately measured in a larger range, the circle centers of any two reflecting units are obtained, and the position of the circle center of the body in space can be obtained according to the position relation between the circle centers and the body center of the body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photogrammetry, in particular to a preparation method of a high-precision photogrammetry target.
Background
Photogrammetry is a common technology in the technical field, and has many aspects influencing the photogrammetry precision of the digital industry, such as the acquisition and identification of a central image of a high-precision mark, a high-precision camera calibration algorithm and a calibration device, the design and implementation of the high-precision mark, the uniform adjustment of a light beam method and the like, wherein the high-precision photogrammetry mark is a key technology influencing the precision of the high-precision mark.
At present, photogrammetric targets used at home and abroad can be divided into a plane type and a three-dimensional type, a method for preparing a plane type photogrammetric mark mainly comprises a method for sticking a light reflection film, for example, a method for sticking a SCOTCHLITE film by using 3M glue, and the target prepared by the method has low precision and cannot be applied to the high-precision field. The preparation method of the three-dimensional target is to coat glass beads on the outside of the ceramic ball, but the spherical target is sensitive to external illumination, the contrast between the edge of the mark and the background is not obvious, and the like, so that the high precision is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the precision of a photogrammetric target in the prior art is not high, the application provides a method for preparing a high-precision photogrammetric target, and aims to prepare a measurement target suitable for high-precision photogrammetric measurement.
A preparation method of a high-precision photogrammetry target comprises the following steps:
processing at least two supporting planes on a sphere to obtain a body of a measuring target; the supporting plane and the sphere center of the sphere have a determined spatial position relationship;
processing at least two reflecting units; the reflecting unit comprises a reflecting mirror and an identification mark arranged on the reflecting mirror;
and correspondingly mounting the reflection units on the support planes, and mounting one reflection unit on one support plane.
Wherein the reflection unit further comprises a plurality of glass beads;
processing the reflection unit includes:
performing silver plating treatment on one side of the glass sheet to form a reflection enhancement film;
fixing a plurality of glass beads on the reflection enhancement film to form a reflection layer to manufacture the reflector; the refractive index Nd of the glass beads is more than or equal to 1.93;
and processing a layer of metal film with colors around the reflecting layer to serve as the identification mark.
The supporting planes are circular, two adjacent supporting planes are perpendicular to each other, and the distances from the circle centers of all the supporting planes to the sphere center are the same.
The glass sheet is in a trapezoidal cylinder shape and comprises a bottom surface and a top surface, and the radius of the top surface is smaller than that of the bottom surface;
the reflection enhancement film is circular and is positioned on the top surface of the glass sheet;
the identification mark is a black circular metal film, and the diameter of the excircle of the identification mark is equal to that of the top surface of the glass sheet.
Wherein, still include after processing at least two support planes on a spheroid: and uniformly processing a plurality of glue injection holes around the support plane.
The correspondingly mounting the reflection unit on the support plane comprises: and after the circle center of the glass sheet is aligned with the circle center of the supporting plane, injecting glue into the glue injection hole, and bonding the glass sheet on the supporting plane through the glue.
Wherein said fixing a plurality of glass beads on said reflection enhancing film to form a reflective layer comprises:
uniformly coating a layer of transparent resin adhesive on the surface of the reflection enhancement film, and coating a plurality of glass beads on the resin adhesive to form a reflection layer;
wherein the thickness of the resin adhesive is smaller than that of the glass beads.
The diameter of the sphere is 38.1 +/-0.003 mm, the symmetry of the sphere center of the sphere is 0.004mm, and the position precision of the sphere center of the sphere is +/-0.003 mm;
the diameter of the supporting plane is 27.85mm, the flatness of the supporting plane is 0.003mm, and the roughness is 0.025 mu m;
after processing at least two supporting planes on a sphere, the method further comprises the following steps: and grinding and polishing the support plane to ensure that the form and position precision of the support plane is 0.004mm and the smoothness is 0.025 mu m.
Wherein the thickness of the glass sheet is 3 +/-0.002 mm, the diameter of the top surface of the glass sheet is 24mm, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the glass sheet is 25 mm;
the thickness of the identification mark is 0.005mm, the diameter of the inner circle of the identification mark is 20mm, and the roundness precision of the inner circle is +/-0.02 mm.
Wherein the sphere is made of 2Cr13 or 3Cr13, and the glass sheet is made of K9;
the glass beads have a particle size (i.e., diameter) of 50 ± 5 microns.
The distance between the circle centers of the five supporting planes and the connecting line between the sphere centers of the spheres is equal, and the circle centers of every two adjacent supporting planes are perpendicular to the connecting line between the sphere centers; each supporting plane is provided with one reflecting unit.
According to the preparation method of the high-precision photogrammetry target of the embodiment, at least two supporting planes are processed on a sphere, at least two reflecting units are processed, and the reflecting units are correspondingly installed on the supporting planes, wherein the reflecting units comprise a reflecting mirror and an identification mark arranged on the reflecting mirror, the reflecting mirror has a strong back light reflecting effect, the identification mark is used as a background and has obvious contrast, so that the prepared measurement target can obtain a high-contrast mark image under the condition of low-intensity exposure, and the preparation method is suitable for the field of high-precision photogrammetry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for preparing a measurement target according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a reflective element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a measurement target structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a reflection unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an operating state of the reflection unit according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Wherein like elements in different embodiments have been given like element numbers associated therewith. In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted or replaced with other elements, materials, methods in different instances. In some instances, certain operations related to the present application have not been shown or described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the core of the present application from excessive description, and it is not necessary for those skilled in the art to describe these operations in detail, so that they may be fully understood from the description in the specification and the general knowledge in the art.
Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the method descriptions may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a high-precision photogrammetric target, and compared with the existing direction, the method mainly has the following two improvements:
(1) the method comprises the steps of selecting a sphere, processing five circular supporting plane supporting bodies on the sphere, enabling the circle centers of the five supporting planes and the body center of the sphere to have a certain position relation, arranging a reflection unit on each supporting plane, reflecting light beams emitted by a measuring device, enabling a photogrammetric camera to accurately measure photogrammetric targets in a large range or even a 360-degree range when the photogrammetric camera images at different station positions, obtaining the circle centers of any two reflection units, and obtaining the position of the circle center of the body in space according to the position relation between the circle centers of the two reflection units and the body center of the body. Meanwhile, in the embodiment, in order to facilitate calculation of the body center position of the body in the photogrammetry process, every two adjacent support planes of the five support planes provided in the embodiment are perpendicular to each other, that is, a connecting line between the circle centers of every two adjacent support planes and the body center of the body is perpendicular to each other and has the same distance.
(2) The structure of the reflection unit is improved, the reflection unit of the embodiment specifically comprises a reflector and an identification mark arranged on the reflector, wherein the reflector has a strong light return reflection effect, and the identification mark is used as a background and has obvious contrast, so that a manufactured measurement target can obtain a mark image with high contrast under the condition of low-intensity exposure, and the reflection unit is suitable for the field of high-precision photogrammetry.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-precision photogrammetric target, the prepared measurement target includes a main body and five reflection units disposed on the main body, the method includes:
step 101: at least two supporting planes are processed on a sphere to obtain the body. Specifically, in this embodiment, five support planes are processed on the sphere by a fine machining method, and there is a confirmed spatial position relationship between the support planes and the center of the sphere.
Step 102: at least two reflecting units are processed. The reflecting unit comprises a reflecting mirror and an identification mark arranged on the reflecting mirror, the reflecting mirror has a strong light return reflecting effect, the identification mark is used as a background and has obvious contrast, so that a manufactured measuring target can obtain a high-contrast mark image under the condition of low-intensity exposure, and high-precision photogrammetry can be realized based on the mark image.
Step 103: the reflection units are correspondingly arranged on the supporting planes of the body, and only one reflection unit is arranged on one supporting plane. The reflecting unit is fixed to the support plane, for example by gluing or other fixing means.
Specifically, the reflection unit of the present embodiment further includes a plurality of glass beads, and as shown in fig. 2, the method for manufacturing the reflection unit includes:
step 1021: a silver plating process is performed on the surface of a glass sheet to form a reflection enhancing film. In this embodiment, a layer of reflection enhancement film is plated on one side of the glass sheet by a vacuum silver plating method, and since the reflection effect of silver is good, the glass sheet is plated with silver by a vacuum plating method to form a reflection enhancement film, so as to obtain a silver-plated optical glass sheet.
Step 1022: fixing a plurality of glass beads on the reflection enhancement film to form a reflection layer to manufacture a reflector; the glass beads are made of a back light reflection material and have high refractive index, and the refractive index Nd of the glass beads is larger than or equal to 1.93.
Step 1023: and processing a layer of metal film with colors around the reflecting layer to serve as an identification mark. In this embodiment, a black metal ring is processed around the refraction layer by a linear cutting method, and the black metal ring is used as a background, so that the black metal ring and the reflector have an obvious contrast ratio in an image acquisition process, so that a high-contrast mark image can be obtained by a manufactured measurement target under the condition of low-intensity exposure, and high-precision photogrammetry can be realized based on the high-contrast mark image.
Wherein, still include after processing good supporting plane on the spheroid: the method comprises the steps of uniformly processing 8 glue injection holes around a supporting plane, aligning the circle center of a glass sheet with the circle center of the supporting plane when a reflection unit is installed, enabling the installation accuracy of the circle center of the glass sheet (namely the circle center of a reflection enhancement film) and the body center of a sphere to reach +/-0.003 mm, then injecting epoxy glue into the glue injection holes, and bonding the glass sheet on the supporting plane through the epoxy glue.
Wherein fixing a plurality of glass beads on the reflection enhancement film to form a refractive layer comprises: firstly, uniformly coating a layer of transparent resin adhesive on the surface of a reflection enhancement film, and coating a plurality of glass beads on the resin adhesive to form a refraction layer; wherein, the particle size (diameter) of the screened glass beads is 50 +/-5 microns, and the thickness of the coated resin adhesive is smaller than that of the glass beads.
Wherein, the glass piece of this embodiment is trapezoidal cylindric, and it includes bottom surface and top surface, and the radius of top surface is less than the radius of bottom surface, and the bottom surface passes through epoxy glue to be fixed on the body. The reflection enhancement film on the glass sheet is also circular, the identification mark is a black circular metal film, and the diameter of the excircle of the identification mark is equal to that of the top surface of the glass sheet. Specifically, the sphere of the embodiment is made of 2Cr13 or 3Cr13, the glass sheet is made of K9, in order to ensure measurement interchangeability, the sphere diameter of the body 1 is consistent with that of a laser tracker 1.5 inch reflector, the diameter of the body is 38.1 +/-0.003 mm, the symmetry of the sphere center is 0.004mm, and the position precision of the sphere center is +/-0.003 mm; five support planes are machined on the sphere by a milling machining method, the diameter of each support plane is 27.85mm, the flatness of each support plane is 0.003mm, and the roughness is 0.025 mu m. Every two adjacent supporting planes are mutually vertical, the verticality is 0.004mm, and the distance from the circle center of each supporting plane to the body center of the sphere is equal.
Wherein, after a supporting plane is processed on a sphere, the supporting plane is ground and polished, so that the form and position precision of the supporting plane is 0.004mm, and the smoothness is 0.025 mu m.
In the embodiment, the glass sheet is in a trapezoidal cylinder shape, is made of K9 material, and has a thickness of 3 +/-0.002 mm, a top surface diameter of 24mm and a bottom surface diameter of 25 mm; the identification mark in the embodiment is a black metal ring, the thickness of the identification mark is 0.005mm, the diameter of an inner circle of the identification mark is 20mm, the diameter of an outer circle of the identification mark is 24mm, and the roundness precision of the inner circle is +/-0.02 mm, the identification mark is bonded on glass beads with high refractive index to form a light return reflection circle with the diameter of 24mm, and a light return reflection silvered glass sheet with a mask is prepared to serve as a reflection unit.
The measurement target prepared by the embodiment has obvious contrast, so that the prepared measurement target can obtain a high-contrast mark image under the condition of low-intensity exposure, and the method is suitable for the field of high-precision photogrammetry; meanwhile, when shooting is carried out at the same station, shooting can be carried out in a larger range, even the accurate measurement can be carried out on the photogrammetric target within the range of 360 degrees, the measurement target does not need to be rotated, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
Example two:
referring to fig. 3 and 4, the present embodiment provides a measurement target suitable for high-precision photogrammetry, which is manufactured by the method of embodiment 1, and includes a main body 1 and five reflection units disposed on the main body 1, and for convenience of description, the five reflection units are respectively referred to as a first reflection unit 10, a second reflection unit 20, a third reflection unit 30, a fourth reflection unit and a fifth reflection unit, wherein the fourth reflection unit and the fifth reflection unit are not shown in the drawings due to the relationship of viewing angles, and the five reflection units have the same structure, four of which are disposed along one latitudinal line of the main body 1, and the other is disposed at the top end. The body 1 of the embodiment is a sphere, the material is stainless steel 3Cr13 or 2Cr13, the hardness requirement is HRC40, the form and position accuracy of the body 1 is required to be 0.004mm, and the finish is required to be 0.025 mu m. To ensure the interchangeability of the measurements, the sphere diameter of the body 1 is kept consistent with that of the laser tracker 1.5 inch reflector, the sphere diameter (i.e. diameter) is 38.1 +/-0.003 mm, and the symmetry to the sphere center is 0.004 mm. The body 1 is provided with five supporting planes, as shown in fig. 3, the supporting plane 11 corresponding to the first reflection unit 10 is taken as an example for illustration, the supporting plane 11 is circular, the diameter of the supporting plane 11 is 27.85mm, two adjacent supporting planes are perpendicular to each other, the verticality is 0.004mm, the flatness of the supporting plane 11 is 0.003mm, and the roughness is 0.025 μm, so that the distance between the center of a circle of each supporting plane 11 and the center of a sphere is guaranteed to be precisely 13mm ± 0.003mm, and the connecting line between the center of a circle of each two adjacent supporting planes 11 and the center of a sphere is perpendicular to each other, so that the coordinates of the center of a sphere can be obtained through the coordinates of the centers of circles of at least three supporting planes.
In order to improve the reflection effect of the returned light, the embodiment mainly provides a reflection unit with good reflection effect of the returned light, as shown in fig. 4, the embodiment takes a first reflection unit 10 as an example for description, the first reflection unit 10 includes a reflection mirror and an identification mark 101 disposed on the surface of the reflection mirror, wherein the reflection mirror includes a glass sheet 104, a reflection enhancement film 103 plated on the outer surface of the glass sheet 104, and a reflection layer fixed on the reflection enhancement film 103, the reflection layer is composed of a plurality of glass beads 102 with high refractive index closely arranged on a plane, the particle size of the reflection layer is 50 ± 5 μm, and the refractive index Nd is greater than or equal to 1.93. A plurality of glass beads 102 are arranged on the outer surface of the reflection enhancing layer 103, and the reflection enhancing layer 103 is a silver-plated layer, which can enhance the reflection effect of the back light. The identification mark 101 is a black metal ring, is obtained by a vacuum black film plating method, and has the thickness of 0.005mm and the requirement of the roundness of an inner circle of +/-0.02 mu m.
Wherein, in order to fix the glass sheet 104 on the corresponding support plane 11, 8 conical glue injection holes 105 are provided on the support plane 11 for injecting glue and then adhering the glass sheet tightly. The glass beads 102 of this embodiment are made of a material with strong back light reflection.
The glass sheet 104 is a trapezoidal truncated cone-shaped sheet, the thickness of the sheet is 3 +/-0.002 mm, the upper portion and the lower portion of the sheet are provided with two circular cross sections with different sizes, the diameter of a large circle is 25mm, the diameter of a small circle is 24mm, and the surface of the small circle is plated with silver to form the reflection enhancement layer 103. In order to facilitate glue injection, the diameter of the great circle of the optical glass sheet 104 is smaller than that of the supporting plane 11 on the body 1, and the material of the optical glass sheet 104 is K9. The inner circle of the identification mark 101 has the same diameter as the small circle of the glass sheet 104. The circle centers of the glass sheet 104, the identification mark 101 and the support plane 11 and the sphere center of the body 1 are on the same straight line, and the position precision requirement reaches +/-0.003 mm.
As shown in fig. 5, the incident light emitted from the photographing device is refracted by the glass beads 102 and then reflected by the reflection enhancing layer 103, and then emitted along the light path parallel to the incident light and received by the photographing device, the reflection effect of the reflection unit of this embodiment is better than that of the existing plane mirror type reflection surface, and the identification mark 101 is used as a background, so that the contrast is high, and the manufactured measurement target can obtain a mark image with high contrast under the condition of low-intensity exposure, and the method is suitable for the field of high-precision photogrammetry.
In this embodiment, the structures of each of the reflection units are the same, and the structures of the remaining reflection units are the same as those of the first reflection unit 10, which is not described herein again.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the precision of the photogrammetric target is far superior to that of the traditional single-sided back light reflection patch type target, the photogrammetric target has a strong back light emission effect, a high-contrast mark image can be obtained through low-intensity exposure, and the photogrammetric target is particularly suitable for the field of high-precision photogrammetric measurement. In addition, the target with the multiple-reflex reflection surface enables the photogrammetric camera to accurately measure the photogrammetric target in a larger range or even in a 360-degree range when the photogrammetric camera images at different stations, the photogrammetric target does not need to be rotated manually, and the efficiency is greatly improved.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a high-precision photogrammetric target, characterized by comprising:
processing at least two supporting planes on a sphere to obtain a body of a measuring target; the supporting plane and the sphere center of the sphere have a determined spatial position relationship;
processing at least two reflecting units; the reflecting unit comprises a reflecting mirror and an identification mark arranged on the reflecting mirror;
mounting said reflection units on said support planes, one reflection unit being mounted on one of said support planes;
wherein processing the reflection unit includes:
performing silver plating treatment on one side of the glass sheet to form a reflection enhancement film;
fixing a plurality of glass beads on the reflection enhancement film to form a reflection layer to manufacture the reflector; the refractive index Nd of the glass beads is more than or equal to 1.93;
processing a layer of metal film with colors around the reflecting layer to serve as the identification mark;
the glass sheet is in a trapezoidal cylinder shape and comprises a bottom surface and a top surface, and the radius of the top surface is smaller than that of the bottom surface;
the reflection enhancement film is circular and is positioned on the top surface of the glass sheet;
the identification mark is a black circular metal film, and the diameter of the excircle of the identification mark is equal to that of the top surface of the glass sheet.
2. The method for preparing a measurement target according to claim 1, wherein the support planes are circular, two adjacent support planes are perpendicular to each other, and distances from centers of all the support planes to a center of the sphere are the same.
3. The method for preparing a measurement target according to claim 2, wherein the step of processing at least two support planes on a sphere further comprises: uniformly processing a plurality of glue injection holes on the periphery of the support plane;
the mounting the reflection unit on the support plane includes: and after the circle center of the glass sheet is aligned with the circle center of the supporting plane, injecting glue into the glue injection hole, and bonding the glass sheet on the supporting plane through the glue.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the fixing a plurality of glass beads on the reflection enhancing film to form a reflection layer comprises:
uniformly coating a layer of transparent resin adhesive on the surface of the reflection enhancement film, and coating a plurality of glass beads on the resin adhesive to form a reflection layer;
wherein, the thickness of the resin adhesive is smaller than that of the glass beads.
5. The method for preparing a measurement target according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the sphere is 38.1 ± 0.003mm, the symmetry of the sphere center is 0.004mm, and the sphere center position accuracy is ± 0.003 mm;
the diameter of the supporting plane is 27.85mm, the flatness of the supporting plane is 0.003mm, and the roughness is 0.025 mu m;
after processing at least two supporting planes on a sphere, the method further comprises the following steps: and grinding and polishing the support plane to ensure that the form and position precision of the support plane is 0.004mm and the smoothness is 0.025 mu m.
6. The method for producing a measurement target according to claim 4, wherein the glass sheet has a thickness of 3 ± 0.002mm, a diameter of the top surface of 24mm, and a diameter of the bottom surface of 25 mm;
the thickness of the identification mark is 0.005mm, the diameter of the inner circle of the identification mark is 20mm, and the roundness precision of the inner circle is +/-0.02 mm.
7. The method for preparing a measurement target according to claim 4, wherein the sphere is made of 2Cr13 or 3Cr13, and the glass plate is made of K9;
the particle size of the glass beads is 50 +/-5 microns.
8. The method for preparing a measurement target according to claim 5, wherein five support planes are processed on the sphere, distances between centers of the five support planes and a connecting line between the centers of the sphere are equal, and a connecting line between centers of every two adjacent support planes and the center of the sphere are perpendicular to each other; each supporting plane is provided with one reflecting unit.
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| US12025440B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2024-07-02 | Rohr, Inc. | Multi-directional photogrammetry target |
| CN114953700B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2024-08-20 | 黄河水利职业技术学院 | Manufacturing method of ultra-high precision cooperative target for industrial photogrammetry |
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