CN105629430B - 360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning method - Google Patents
360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105629430B CN105629430B CN201610131323.3A CN201610131323A CN105629430B CN 105629430 B CN105629430 B CN 105629430B CN 201610131323 A CN201610131323 A CN 201610131323A CN 105629430 B CN105629430 B CN 105629430B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/1805—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for prisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning methods, it include annular array be arranged it is upper in same datum sphere, lower cylinder-prism array, the upper cylinder-prism array is symmetrical arranged with lower cylinder-prism array with the equatorial line of the datum sphere, and it is described on, the rotary middle spindle of lower cylinder-prism array and the central shaft of datum sphere coincide, wherein, on described, there are three orthogonal reflecting surface and the planes of incidence being obliquely installed with reflecting surface for cylinder-prism tool in lower cylinder-prism array, the plane of incidence of each cylinder-prism is tangent with the spherical surface of datum sphere, and the prism axis of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence homogeneously meets at the centre of sphere of datum sphere.360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning method of the present invention, that is, avoiding single 360 degree of prisms, there are the defects of measurement dead angle, and the center height for solving different row's prisms in multiple rows of 360 degree of prisms is different, there are problems that measurement error.
Description
Technical field
Of the invention and a kind of optical gauge, and in particular to 360 degree of total reflection prisms of one kind and its aligning method.
Background technology
With engineering survey precision and the degree of automation be continuously improved, have sight automatically, locking tracking function it is complete
It stands instrument or rangefinder has broad application prospects in dynamic tracking measurement, automatic measurement and deformation monitoring etc..Reflect rib
Mirror is the important component of total powerstation or ranger measurement system, and effect is that target and signal are accurately sighted in angle measurement, ranging
Reflectance target, to realize the angle, distance and the measurement of position of system.The main Types of reflecting prism have single prism and rib at present
The foresight of total powerstation telescope is precisely aligned prism centers by microscope group when in use, by the laser of total powerstation transmitting through prism
Reflection, is received by instrument.The acceptable angle of incident light of existing conventional reflector prism is small, only ± 45 °, when measurement,
Need to be adjusted to face light source direction, can not achieve it is arbitrary it is comprehensive sight, make troubles for tracking measurement work.
Although the chromium plating steel ball researched and developed on this basis can 360 degree of reflection lights, due to its reflection light it is strong
Degree can substantially reduce, so can be used only in the very measurement of short distance, single 360 degree of prisms still remain measurement dead angle, no
It is real 360 degree of prisms, and in multiple rows of 360 degree of prisms, the center height of difference row's prism is different, and there are measurement errors, only
The distance of 10m or more can be measured.Therefore, a kind of reflections that can realize 360 degree without dead angle reflection and ensure light intensity are researched and developed
Device is those skilled in the art's problem anxious to be resolved.
Invention content
In view of this, can realize 360 degree of reflection dresses that light intensity is reflected and ensured without dead angle it is necessary to provide a kind of
It sets.
A kind of 360 degree of total reflection prisms comprising the upper and lower cylinder-prism in same datum sphere is arranged in annular array
Array, the upper cylinder-prism array are symmetrical arranged with lower cylinder-prism array with the equatorial line of the datum sphere, and described
The rotary middle spindle of upper and lower cylinder-prism array and the central shaft of datum sphere coincide, wherein the upper and lower cylinder-prism
There are three orthogonal reflecting surface and the plane of incidence being obliquely installed with reflecting surface, each cylinder ribs for cylinder-prism tool in array
The plane of incidence of mirror is tangent with the spherical surface of datum sphere, and the prism axis of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence homogeneously meets at reference sphere
The centre of sphere of body.
Preferably, with the uniform annular array of the cylinder-prism of an array on the same weft of datum sphere.
Preferably, 6 cylinder-prisms are included at least in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array respectively, described same an array
Cylinder-prism is circumferentially uniformly distributed with 60 ° of spacing.
Preferably, cylinder-prism symmetrically interlocks with cylinder-prism in lower cylinder-prism array in the upper cylinder-prism array
Setting.
Preferably, the stagger angle between the upper cylinder-prism array and lower cylinder-prism array is 30 °.
Preferably, the prism axis of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence and plane where the equatorial line of datum sphere at
23.16 ° angle.
Preferably, the air line distance of the plane of incidence centre of form of the arbitrary three adjacent cylinder-prisms is equal.
Preferably, it is coated with metal film on the reflecting surface of the cylinder-prism.
A kind of aligning method of 360 degree of total reflection prisms comprising following steps：
In a datum sphere, line is symmetrical arranged the cylinder-prism battle array of upper and lower annular array setting centered on equatorial line
It arranges, the cylinder-prism tool in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array is set there are three orthogonal reflecting surface and with reflecting surface inclination
The plane of incidence set；
The centre of gyration axial adjustment of the upper and lower cylinder-prism array is coincided to the central shaft with datum sphere；
The plane of incidence of each cylinder-prism is adjusted to tangent with the spherical surface of datum sphere, and keeps each cylinder-prism incident
The prism axis in face homogeneously meets at the centre of sphere of datum sphere.
360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning method of the present invention, by same datum sphere, with described
The equatorial line of datum sphere is symmetrical arranged the cylinder-prism array of upper and lower annular array setting, that is, avoids single 360 degree of prisms
There are the defects of measurement dead angle, and make the plane of incidence of each cylinder-prism in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array and benchmark
The spherical surface of sphere is tangent, and the prism axis of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence homogeneously meets at the centre of sphere, to solve multiple rows of 360 again
The center height for spending different row's prisms in prism is different, there are problems that measurement error, meanwhile, the present invention uses cylinder-prism,
Enable incident ray and emergent ray keeping parallelism, and almost without light energy losses, provide higher reflection efficiency and compared with
Big reflection angle so that 360 degree of total reflection prisms of the present invention can be in any measurement distance, the even distance of very little
It is upper to complete high-precision angle and range measurement.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dimensional structure diagram of single cylinder-prism in 360 degree of total reflection prisms of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that 360 degree of total reflection prisms of the present invention at the middle and upper levels illustrate by the position of cylinder-prism and lower layer's cylinder-prism
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the principle framework schematic diagram of 360 degree of total reflection prisms of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is arbitrary three adjacent cylinder-prism position views in 360 degree of total reflection prisms of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the entity structure schematic diagram of 360 degree of total reflection prisms of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated, it should be understood that and the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of 360 degree of total reflection prisms comprising annular array is arranged in same benchmark
Upper and lower cylinder-prism array on sphere 12, the upper cylinder-prism array is with lower cylinder-prism array with the datum sphere
12 equatorial line 15 is symmetrical arranged, and the center of the rotary middle spindle 13 and datum sphere 12 of the upper and lower cylinder-prism array
Axis coincides, wherein there are three orthogonal reflectings surface 3,4,5 for the tool of cylinder-prism 1 in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array
And the plane of incidence 6 being obliquely installed with reflecting surface 3,4,5, the plane of incidence 6 of each cylinder-prism 1 with the spherical surface phase of datum sphere 12
It cuts, and the prism axis 2 of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence 6 intersects at the centre of sphere 17 of datum sphere 12.
Specifically, as shown in figure 5, the datum sphere 12 be a hollow ball-type prism table 50, the ball-type prism table 50
Perpendicular bisector be equipped with a through-hole upwards, the through-hole is equipped with sight bead 51, the central point of the sight bead 51 and the ball-type
The perpendicular bisector of prism table 50 longitudinally overlaps, and upper and lower cylinder is respectively equipped on the episphere and lower semisphere of the ball-type prism table 50
Prism array, the upper and lower cylinder-prism array are symmetrical arranged with the equatorial line of the ball-type prism table 50, above-mentioned by being arranged
Upper and lower cylinder-prism array, makes the incident ray of upper and lower all angles that can be reflected, that is, avoids single 360 degree of prisms
There are the defects of measurement dead angle.
The cylinder-prism 1 is equably arranged in by prism sleeve 52 on the reference for installation hole position of ball-type prism table 50,
The plane of incidence 6 of each cylinder-prism 1 is tangent with the benchmark spherical surface of ball-type prism table, and its prism axis 2 intersects at ball
The centre of sphere 17 of type prism table, the center height for solving different row's prisms in multiple rows of 360 degree of prisms is different, causes measurement error
Problem.
The present invention builds 360 degree of full reflected systems, three reflectings surface 3,4,5 of the cylinder-prism 1 using cylinder-prism
On be coated with layer of metal film, constitute the catoptric arrangement of cylinder-prism 1, when incident ray from the plane of incidence 6 enter cylinder rib
After mirror 1, the reflecting surface 3,4,5 being arranged in a mutually vertical manner reflects once respectively, finally again from the plane of incidence 6 project, incident ray with
Emergent ray can keeping parallelism, and almost without light energy losses, therefore, cylinder-prism can provide higher reflection effect
Rate, while being capable of providing larger reflection angle, compared with the triangular prism that is used in prism of being all-trans in the prior art, cylinder rib
Mirror eliminates the part that can not provide reflection function, and light structure, is easily installed fixed layout.
The plane of incidence 6 of the cylinder-prism 1 be circular flat, prism axis 2 with the plane of incidence centre of form 7 be normally incident in into
Penetrate face 6.The prism axis 2 and the centre of form 7 are the important location features for arranged circle prism array.Work as incident ray
When vertical with the plane of incidence, the reflector space of cylinder-prism 1 is overlapped with the plane of incidence 6, and the area of reflector space is maximum at this time, when
When the incidence angle of incident ray slowly becomes larger, the area of reflector space can be tapered into along light angle variation therewith.
As shown in Fig. 2, there are two latitude lines 14,16 in the datum sphere 12, it is to sit with the centre of sphere 17 of datum sphere 12
Origin is marked, a three-dimensional system of coordinate XYZ is established.Wherein z-axis is overlapped with the rotary middle spindle 13 of cylinder-prism array, reference sphere
The equatorial line 15 of body 12 is in X/Y plane.In fig. 2, the cylinder-prism 1 is arranged as lower layer's cylinder-prism in datum sphere
On.
Wherein, the upper layer cylinder-prism 10 in the upper cylinder-prism array, the plane of incidence 8 are tangential on datum sphere 12
The centre of form 9 of the plane of incidence 8, the centre of form 9 are located on the latitude line 16 of datum sphere 12, and the prism axis 11 of upper layer cylinder-prism 10 is located at
In YZ planes, and it is directed toward the datum sphere centre of sphere 17, with Y-axis at 23.16 ° of angle.
Lower layer's cylinder-prism 40 in the lower cylinder-prism array, the plane of incidence 41 are tangential on incidence with datum sphere 12
The centre of form 42 in face 41, the centre of form 42 are located on the latitude line 14 of datum sphere 12, and the prism axis 43 of lower layer's cylinder-prism 40 is located at
In XZ planes, and it is directed toward the datum sphere centre of sphere 17, with X-axis at 23.16 ° of angle.
Specifically, respectively including 6 cylinder-prisms in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array, totally 12 cylinder-prisms, same
The uniform annular array of cylinder-prism of array is on the same weft of datum sphere 12, and the cylinder-prism of described same an array
Circumferentially be uniformly distributed with 60 ° of angle spacing, by be arranged 12 prisms ensured 360 degree without dead angle reflection light.
As shown in figure 3, upper layer cylinder-prism 10 with 60 degree for spacing, around revolution center line 13 do circumference array, obtain it
The orientation of his 5 upper layer cylinder-prisms 23,24,25,26,27.It can be seen that upper layer cylinder-prism and design basis spherical surface 12
Points of tangency is all located on latitude line 16.
Lower layer's cylinder-prism 40, for spacing, circumference array is done around revolution center line 13 with 60 degree, obtains other 5 lower layer's circles
The orientation of column prism 18,19,20,21,22.It can be seen that the points of tangency of lower layer's cylinder-prism and design basis spherical surface 12, all position
In on latitude line 14.
Further, the upper layer cylinder-prism 10,23,24,25,26,27 and lower layer's cylinder-prism 1,18,19,20,
21, it 22 is symmetrically staggered, it is preferred that the stagger angle between the upper cylinder-prism array and lower cylinder-prism array is
30 °, in conjunction with upper layer cylinder-prism 10 prism axis 11 and Y-axis at 23.16 ° of angle and the rib of lower layer's cylinder-prism 40
Mirror axis 43 and X-axis are at 23.16 ° of angle, it is found that the plane of incidence centre of form of arbitrary three adjacent cylinder-prisms it is straight
Linear distance is equal.
By in Fig. 4 lower layer's cylinder-prism 40,18 and upper layer cylinder-prism 27 for, their centre of form is 41 respectively,
28,29, and the distance between centre of form 31,32,33 be equal.So set, ensure that when circular light spot 30 is irradiated to circle
When the plane of incidence of column prism, at least one cylinder-prism can carry out light reflection.And when the angle of incident ray has occurred
Change, causes the reflector space 34,35 of lower layer's cylinder-prism 40,18 to become hour, at this time the reflector space of upper layer cylinder-prism 27
36 will become larger.In short, reflector space is shifting between each prism, between not the providing comprehensively and not of 360 degree of prisms
Disconnected reflection light ability.
A kind of aligning method of 360 degree of total reflection prisms, the aligning method of 360 degree of total reflection prisms includes following step
Suddenly：
In a datum sphere 12, line is symmetrical arranged the cylinder rib of upper and lower annular array setting centered on equatorial line 15
Lens array, the tool of cylinder-prism 1 in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array there are three orthogonal reflecting surface 3,4,5 and with it is anti-
Penetrate the plane of incidence 6 that face 3,4,5 is obliquely installed；
The rotary middle spindle 13 of the upper and lower cylinder-prism array is adjusted to mutually be overlapped with the central shaft of datum sphere 12
It closes；
The plane of incidence 6 of each cylinder-prism 1 is adjusted to tangent with the spherical surface of datum sphere 12, and makes each cylinder-prism
The prism axis 2 of the plane of incidence 6 intersects at the centre of sphere 17 of datum sphere 12.
Specifically, respectively including 6 cylinder-prisms 1, the cylinder of described same an array in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array
Prism 1 is circumferentially uniformly distributed with 60 ° of spacing, and 1 annular array of cylinder-prism of described same an array is in datum sphere
On 12 same weft, to make the incident ray of upper and lower all angles that can be reflected, that is, single 360 degree of prisms are avoided
There are the defects of measurement dead angle.
Meanwhile cylinder-prism 1 symmetrically interlocks with cylinder-prism 1 in lower cylinder-prism array in the upper cylinder-prism array
Setting, specifically, the stagger angle between the upper cylinder-prism array and lower cylinder-prism array is 30 °, and the cylinder
The prism axis 2 in prism incidence face 6 at 23.16 ° of angles, then makes arbitrary three adjacent institutes with the equatorial line 15 of datum sphere 12
The air line distance for stating the plane of incidence centre of form 7 of cylinder-prism 1 is equal, ensure that when circular light spot 30 is irradiated to entering for cylinder-prism 1
When the face 6 of penetrating, at least one cylinder-prism 1 can carry out light reflection.
360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning method of the present invention, by same datum sphere, with described
The equatorial line of datum sphere is symmetrical arranged the cylinder-prism array of upper and lower annular array setting, that is, avoids single 360 degree of prisms
There are the defects of measurement dead angle, and make the plane of incidence of each cylinder-prism in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array and benchmark
The spherical surface of sphere is tangent, and the prism axis of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence homogeneously meets at the centre of sphere, to solve multiple rows of 360 again
The center height for spending different row's prisms in prism is different, there are problems that measurement error, meanwhile, the present invention uses cylinder-prism,
Enable incident ray and emergent ray keeping parallelism, and almost without light energy losses, provide higher reflection efficiency and compared with
Big reflection angle so that 360 degree of total reflection prisms of the present invention can be in any measurement distance, the even distance of very little
It is upper to complete high-precision angle and range measurement.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of 360 degree of total reflection prisms, which is characterized in that it includes that annular array is arranged in same datum sphere (12)
Upper and lower cylinder-prism array, the upper cylinder-prism array is with lower cylinder-prism array with the equator of the datum sphere (12)
Line (15) is symmetrical arranged, and the central shaft of the rotary middle spindle (13) and datum sphere (12) of the upper and lower cylinder-prism array
Coincide, wherein cylinder-prism (1) in upper and lower cylinder-prism array tool there are three orthogonal reflecting surface (3,4,
5) plane of incidence (6) and with reflecting surface (3,4,5) being obliquely installed, the plane of incidence (6) of each cylinder-prism (1) is and datum sphere
(12) spherical surface is tangent, and the prism axis (2) of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence (6) intersects at the centre of sphere of datum sphere (12)
(7), the air line distance of the plane of incidence centre of sphere (7) of the arbitrary three adjacent cylinder-prisms (1) is equal.
2. 360 degree of total reflection prisms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cylinder-prism (1) with an array is uniform
Annular array is on the same weft of datum sphere (12).
3. 360 degree of total reflection prisms according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the upper and lower cylinder-prism array respectively
Including 6 cylinder-prisms (1), the cylinder-prism (1) of described same an array is circumferentially uniformly distributed with 60 ° of spacing.
4. 360 degree of total reflection prisms according to claim 3, which is characterized in that cylinder rib in the upper cylinder-prism array
Mirror (1) is symmetrically staggered with cylinder-prism (1) in lower cylinder-prism array.
5. 360 degree of total reflection prisms according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the upper cylinder-prism array and lower cylinder
Stagger angle between prism array is 30 °.
6. 360 degree of total reflection prisms according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the prism of the cylinder-prism plane of incidence (6)
Axis (2) is with the plane where the equatorial line (15) of datum sphere (12) at 23.16 ° of angles.
7. 360 degree of total reflection prisms according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reflecting surface of the cylinder-prism (1) (3,
4,5) on be coated with metal film.
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| CN201610131323.3A CN105629430B (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | 360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning method |
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| CN201610131323.3A CN105629430B (en) | 2016-03-09 | 2016-03-09 | 360 degree of total reflection prisms and its aligning method |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106500666A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-03-15 | 东莞中子科学中心 | A kind of photogrammetric mark |
| CN111190261A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-22 | 哈尔滨新光光电科技股份有限公司 | Infrared/visible light common-caliber composite imaging device and adjusting method thereof |
| CN114895445B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2024-05-28 | 湖北久之洋红外系统股份有限公司 | 180-Degree reflecting prism group with image translation characteristic |
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| JPS60237402A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1985-11-26 | Kubota Ltd | Corner-cube prism |
| US5301435A (en) * | 1989-04-04 | 1994-04-12 | Pyramid Optical, Inc. | Prism assembly having multi-directional reflectivity and targeting |
| US6123427A (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 2000-09-26 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Arrangement for retroreflection of a ray using triple prisms |
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| CN201740912U (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2011-02-09 | 江阴香江光电仪器有限公司 | 360 DEG prism |
| CN102279392A (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-12-14 | 西安工业大学 | Full horizon laser airborne three-layer multi-channel reflective array |
| CN205485006U (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-08-17 | 武汉中思威科技有限公司 | 360 degree total reflection prism |
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| US3039093A (en) * | 1956-05-31 | 1962-06-12 | Cook Electric Co | Reflective radar target |
| JPS60237402A (en) * | 1984-05-10 | 1985-11-26 | Kubota Ltd | Corner-cube prism |
| US5301435A (en) * | 1989-04-04 | 1994-04-12 | Pyramid Optical, Inc. | Prism assembly having multi-directional reflectivity and targeting |
| US6123427A (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 2000-09-26 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Arrangement for retroreflection of a ray using triple prisms |
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| CN201740912U (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2011-02-09 | 江阴香江光电仪器有限公司 | 360 DEG prism |
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Effective date of registration: 20180531 Address after: 430070 8 Wenxiu street, North Port Industrial Park, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Applicant after: Wuhan Tianyu Photo-electric Instrument Co., Ltd. Address before: 430070 8 Wenxiu street, North Port Industrial Park, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Applicant before: WUHAN ZHONGSIWEI TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |
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