CN110439722A - A kind of wear-resistant Francis turbine adapting to high water head, high revolving speed and high sediment concentration - Google Patents
A kind of wear-resistant Francis turbine adapting to high water head, high revolving speed and high sediment concentration Download PDFInfo
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- CN110439722A CN110439722A CN201910601497.5A CN201910601497A CN110439722A CN 110439722 A CN110439722 A CN 110439722A CN 201910601497 A CN201910601497 A CN 201910601497A CN 110439722 A CN110439722 A CN 110439722A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/12—Blades; Blade-carrying rotors
- F03B3/121—Blades, their form or construction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
- F03B3/183—Adjustable vanes, e.g. wicket gates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种适应高水头、高转速和高含沙量的抗磨损混流式水轮机，包括蜗壳、固定导叶、活动导叶、转轮和尾水管，活动导叶型线是对称的两条三次曲线组，使导叶域的流速及流道中的阻力损失更小，流动更加顺畅，有效减轻泥沙对导叶出口区域的磨损；全新设计的长短叶片转轮、对转轮直径、叶片包角、叶片进口安放角、进口到出口的叶片厚度变化规律，可更好的匹配流场和转轮结构强度，显著降低泥沙对转轮出口边的磨损。本发明的水轮机可大大降低导叶域和转轮域的流速，显著提高高含沙水流条件下转轮及导叶抗磨损的性能，并减轻机组的振动和压力脉动，可明显延长转轮及导叶的检修更换周期，提高水轮机的运行稳定性和安全运行寿命。
The invention relates to an anti-abrasion Francis turbine adaptable to high water head, high rotational speed and high sand content, comprising a volute, a fixed guide vane, a movable guide vane, a runner and a draft tube, and the profile of the movable guide vane is symmetrical in two A cubic curve group, so that the flow velocity in the guide vane area and the resistance loss in the flow channel are smaller, the flow is smoother, and the wear of the sediment on the guide vane outlet area is effectively reduced; the newly designed long and short blade runners, the diameter of the counter runner, the blade The wrap angle, blade inlet placement angle, and blade thickness variation from inlet to outlet can better match the flow field and the structural strength of the runner, and significantly reduce the wear and tear on the outlet edge of the runner by sediment. The water turbine of the present invention can greatly reduce the flow velocity in the guide vane area and the runner area, significantly improve the anti-wear performance of the runner and guide vane under the condition of high-sand concentration water flow, and reduce the vibration and pressure pulsation of the unit, and can obviously extend the runner and runner. The maintenance and replacement cycle of the guide vane improves the operation stability and safe operation life of the turbine.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于流体机械及工程设备技术领域，特别涉及一种混流式水轮机，尤其涉及一种适应高水头、高转速和高含沙量的低比转速抗泥沙磨损的混流式水轮机。The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid machinery and engineering equipment, and in particular relates to a Francis water turbine, in particular to a Francis water turbine with low specific speed and anti-sediment wear which is suitable for high water head, high speed and high sand content.
背景技术Background technique
我国多条河道中水流含沙量较高，且沙粒直径偏大，因此泥沙磨损对水轮机长期稳定运行的影响是设计过程中需要重点考虑的因素。在多泥沙河道上建成的电站中多采用混流式水轮机组，流道形式丰富多样。Many rivers in my country have high sediment content and large sand diameters. Therefore, the impact of sediment wear on the long-term stable operation of turbines is a factor that needs to be considered in the design process. Most of the power stations built on muddy rivers use Francis turbine units, and the forms of flow channels are rich and varied.
其主要的流道特点是转轮采用较低的转速，然而实际电站调研发现导叶磨损速率已远超过转轮,成为影响机组正常运行和控制大修周期的制约因素。这是由于在高水头低比速混流式水轮机，导叶在小开度下水轮机即达额定功率，这就造成导叶绕流绝对流速大于转轮旋转相对速度,泥沙磨损部位逐渐从转轮扩展到导叶。同时转轮为匹配导叶出口流速方向，叶片进口弯曲严重，转轮进口、出口位置流速较高。导致转轮和导叶的磨损速度均大大增加。The main feature of the flow path is that the runner adopts a relatively low speed. However, the actual power station investigation found that the wear rate of the guide vane has far exceeded that of the runner, which has become a restrictive factor affecting the normal operation of the unit and controlling the overhaul period. This is because in the high head and low specific speed Francis turbine, the guide vane reaches the rated power when the guide vane is at a small opening, which causes the absolute flow velocity of the flow around the guide vane to be greater than the relative rotational speed of the runner, and the worn part of the sediment gradually moves away from the runner. Extended to guide vanes. At the same time, in order to match the direction of the flow velocity at the outlet of the guide vane, the inlet of the blade is seriously bent, and the flow velocity at the inlet and outlet of the runner is relatively high. As a result, the wear rate of the runner and the guide vane is greatly increased.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术存在的一系列缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种抗磨损混流式水轮机，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an anti-wear Francis turbine to solve the problems raised in the background art above.
本发明的一种适应高水头、高转速和高含沙量的抗磨损混流式水轮机，包括蜗壳(1)、固定导叶(2)、活动导叶(3)、转轮(4)和尾水管(5)，其中，A wear-resistant Francis turbine adaptable to high water head, high rotational speed and high sand content of the present invention comprises a volute (1), a fixed guide vane (2), a movable guide vane (3), a runner (4) and draft tube (5), wherein,
所述活动导叶型线是对称的两条三次曲线组成的闭合曲线，三次曲线的方程为：The movable guide vane profile is a closed curve composed of two symmetrical cubic curves, and the equation of the cubic curve is:
y＝0.000003x3-0.0006x2-0.112x+29.514y＝0.000003x3-0.0006x2-0.112x + 29.514
所述转轮(4)的结构为上部的转轮上冠(8)的下侧安装若干个水轮机叶片(7)，在水轮机叶片(7)的下端安装与转轮上冠(8)同轴的转轮下环(6)，所述转轮上冠(8)与水轮机叶片(7)相接触的最高点到所述转轮下环(6)与水轮机叶片(7)相对应的最高点间的距离h为125-135mm；The structure of the runner (4) is that several water turbine blades (7) are installed on the lower side of the upper runner crown (8), and the lower end of the turbine blade (7) is installed coaxially with the runner crown (8). The runner lower ring (6), the highest point of the runner upper crown (8) in contact with the turbine blade (7) to the corresponding highest point of the runner lower ring (6) and the turbine blade (7) The distance h between them is 125-135mm;
所述水轮机叶片(7)的长叶片和短叶片的中间截面均为两段首尾相接的曲线组成的闭合曲线。The middle section of the long blade and the short blade of the water turbine blade (7) is a closed curve composed of two end-to-end curves.
其中，长叶片的两条曲线的方程分别为：Among them, the equations of the two curves of the long blade are:
y＝0.0000001x4+0.00001x3-0.0081x2+0.1904x+67.165y＝0.0000001x 4 +0.00001x 3 -0.0081x 2 +0.1904x+67.165
y＝0.00000001x4+0.00002x3-0.0103x2+0.4251x+62.951y＝0.00000001x 4 +0.00002x 3 -0.0103x 2 +0.4251x+62.951
短叶片的两条曲线的方程分别为：The equations of the two curves for the short blade are:
y＝0.000002x4-0.0012x3+0.2179x2-18.193x+624.89y＝0.000002x 4 -0.0012x 3 +0.2179x 2 -18.193x+624.89
y＝0.0000006x4-0.0002x3+0.0233x2-1.3429x+88.844y＝0.0000006x 4 -0.0002x 3 +0.0233x 2 -1.3429x+88.844
调整所述尾水管(5)的直锥段长度和进口截面的直径，使所述转轮(4)上的导叶中心至尾水管底板的高度差H为3200-3250mm，进口截面直径Dd为650-680mm。Adjust the length of the straight cone section of the draft tube (5) and the diameter of the inlet section so that the height difference H from the guide vane center on the runner (4) to the bottom plate of the draft tube is 3200-3250mm, and the inlet section diameter Dd is 650-680mm.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、采用长短叶片转轮、对转轮直径、叶片包角、叶片进口安放角、进口到出口的叶片厚度变化规律进行全新的设计，不但更好的匹配流场和转轮结构强度，可显著降低泥沙对转轮出口边的磨损。1. Using long and short blade runners, a new design is made for the runner diameter, blade wrap angle, blade inlet placement angle, and blade thickness change law from inlet to outlet, which not only better matches the flow field and the structural strength of the runner, but also significantly Reduce the abrasion of sediment on the outlet edge of the runner.
2、活动导叶域的流速及流道中的阻力损失更小，流动更加顺畅，可有效减轻泥沙对导叶出口区域的磨损。2. The flow velocity in the movable guide vane area and the resistance loss in the flow channel are smaller, and the flow is smoother, which can effectively reduce the wear of the sediment on the guide vane outlet area.
3、由于相对于其他现有机组大大提高了转轮及导叶的抗泥沙磨损性能，减小了振动、压力脉动和转轮叶片动应力，使转轮叶片出现裂纹的概率大大降低，水轮机的运行稳定性和安全运行寿命得以提高。3. Compared with other existing units, the anti-sediment wear performance of the runner and guide vane is greatly improved, vibration, pressure pulsation and dynamic stress of the runner blade are reduced, and the probability of cracks in the runner blade is greatly reduced. The running stability and safe running life of the machine are improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明混流式水轮机的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Francis turbine of the present invention;
图2为本发明混流式水轮机的转轮剖面图；Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of the runner of the Francis turbine of the present invention;
图3为本发明混流式水轮机的固定导叶和活动导叶的布置图；Fig. 3 is the arrangement diagram of the fixed guide vane and the movable guide vane of the Francis turbine of the present invention;
图4为本发明混流式水轮机的活动导叶的形状示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the shape of the movable guide vane of the Francis turbine of the present invention;
图5为本发明混流式水轮机的转轮叶片中间截面示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of the middle section of the runner blade of the Francis turbine of the present invention;
图中附图标记为：The reference signs in the figure are:
1-蜗壳；2-固定导叶；3-活动导叶；4-水轮机转轮；5-尾水管；1-volute; 2-fixed guide vane; 3-movable guide vane; 4-turbine runner; 5-draft tube;
6-转轮下环；7-水轮机叶片；8-转轮上冠；9-固定导叶；10-活动导叶；6-runner lower ring; 7-turbine blade; 8-runner crown; 9-fixed guide vane; 10-movable guide vane;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行更加详细的描述。在附图中，自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例以及方位性的词语均是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The embodiments and directional words described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明的一项宽泛实施例中，本发明提供了一种适应高水头、高转速和高含沙量的抗磨损混流式水轮机，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。In a broad embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a wear-resistant Francis turbine suitable for high water head, high rotational speed and high sand content. The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，该水轮机包括蜗壳1、固定导叶2、活动导叶3、水轮机转轮4和尾水管5。As shown in FIG. 1 , the water turbine includes a volute 1 , a fixed guide vane 2 , a movable guide vane 3 , a turbine runner 4 and a draft tube 5 .
如图2所示，水轮机转轮4的结构为：上部的转轮上冠8的下侧安装若干个水轮机叶片7，在水轮机叶片7的下端安装与转轮上冠8同轴的转轮下环6，所述转轮上冠8与水轮机叶片7相接触的最高点到所述转轮下环6与水轮机叶片7相对应的最高点间的距离h，即转轮上冠8和转轮下环面的高度差，为125-135mm。As shown in Figure 2, the structure of the water turbine runner 4 is: a plurality of water turbine blades 7 are installed on the underside of the top runner crown 8, and a runner coaxial with the runner crown 8 is installed at the lower end of the turbine blade 7. Ring 6, the distance h between the highest point of the runner upper crown 8 in contact with the turbine blade 7 and the corresponding highest point of the runner lower ring 6 and the turbine blade 7, that is, the runner upper crown 8 and the runner The height difference of the lower ring surface is 125-135mm.
如图3和图4所示，固定导叶2位于活动导叶3的外圈；为降低导叶出口速度实现减轻磨损的目的，将所述活动导叶3的形状设计成对称导叶，并对导叶尾部做出专门设计，使其厚度减小、局部速度降低，提高其抗磨损能力。导叶型线是对称的两条三次曲线组成的闭合曲线，三次曲线的方程为：As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the fixed guide vane 2 is located on the outer ring of the movable guide vane 3; in order to reduce the outlet speed of the guide vane and realize the purpose of reducing wear, the shape of the movable guide vane 3 is designed as a symmetrical guide vane, and The tail of the guide vane is specially designed to reduce its thickness, reduce its local speed, and improve its wear resistance. The guide vane profile is a closed curve composed of two symmetrical cubic curves, and the equation of the cubic curve is:
y＝0.000003x3-0.0006x2-0.112x+29.514y＝0.000003x3-0.0006x2-0.112x + 29.514
如图2和图5所示，为降低转轮流道内相对速度，提高转轮的抗磨损性能，并综合考虑与导叶出流的合理匹配、水轮机的水力性能、结构强度等因素，本研究采用长、短叶片转轮型式。水轮机叶片的长、短叶片中间截面为两段首尾相接的曲线组成的闭合曲线，长叶片的两条曲线的方程分别为：As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, in order to reduce the relative velocity in the runner flow channel, improve the anti-wear performance of the runner, and comprehensively consider the reasonable matching with the guide vane outflow, the hydraulic performance of the turbine, the structural strength and other factors, this study adopts Long and short blade runner type. The middle sections of the long and short blades of the turbine blades are closed curves composed of two end-to-end curves, and the equations of the two curves of the long blades are:
y＝0.0000001x4+0.00001x3-0.0081x2+0.1904x+67.165y＝0.0000001x 4 +0.00001x 3 -0.0081x 2 +0.1904x+67.165
y＝0.00000001x4+0.00002x3-0.0103x2+0.4251x+62.951y＝0.00000001x 4 +0.00002x 3 -0.0103x 2 +0.4251x+62.951
短叶片的两条曲线的方程分别为：The equations of the two curves for the short blade are:
y＝0.000002x4-0.0012x3+0.2179x2-18.193x+624.89y＝0.000002x 4 -0.0012x 3 +0.2179x 2 -18.193x+624.89
y＝0.0000006x4-0.0002x3+0.0233x2-1.3429x+88.844y＝0.0000006x 4 -0.0002x 3 +0.0233x 2 -1.3429x+88.844
如图1所示，增加所述尾水管5的直锥段长度和进口截面的直径，使所述转轮上的导叶中心至尾水管底板的高度差H为3200-3250mm，进口截面直径Dd为650-680mm，达到有效回收尾水管内能量，降低水力损失，提高机组效率的目的。As shown in Figure 1, increase the length of the straight cone section of the draft tube 5 and the diameter of the inlet section, so that the height difference H from the center of the guide vane on the runner to the bottom plate of the draft tube is 3200-3250 mm, and the diameter of the inlet section Dd The diameter is 650-680mm, which achieves the purpose of effectively recovering energy in the draft tube, reducing hydraulic loss and improving unit efficiency.
本发明在原型混流式水轮机上进行了数值模拟和现场测试，分析了转轮及导叶域流场相对速度，分析了流道形状变化对能量性能、空化性能和稳定性的影响，分析了各部分流道的流动损失及不同运行工况的水力性能。通过测试数据和实际效果，可以发现，使用本发明的机组相对于其他现有机组可大大降低导叶域和转轮域的流速，显著提高高含沙水流条件中转轮及导叶抗磨损的性能。此外减轻了机组的振动和压力脉动，减小了转轮叶片动应力，可明显延长含沙水流中转轮及导叶的检修更换周期，提高水轮机的运行稳定性和安全运行寿命。The present invention carried out numerical simulation and on-site testing on the prototype Francis turbine, analyzed the relative velocity of the flow field in the runner and guide vane region, analyzed the influence of flow channel shape changes on energy performance, cavitation performance and stability, and analyzed the The flow loss of each part of the flow channel and the hydraulic performance of different operating conditions. Through test data and actual effects, it can be found that compared with other existing units, the unit of the present invention can greatly reduce the flow velocity in the guide vane area and the runner area, and significantly improve the wear resistance of the runner and guide vane in the condition of high sandy water flow. performance. In addition, the vibration and pressure pulsation of the unit are reduced, and the dynamic stress of the runner blades is reduced, which can significantly prolong the maintenance and replacement cycle of the runner and guide vane in the sandy water flow, and improve the operation stability and safe operation life of the turbine.
最后需要指出的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these The modification or replacement does not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
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| CN102011672A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-04-13 | 清华大学 | Radial-axial flow turbine employing novel guide blade and runner blade profile |
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| CN103696895A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Francis pump turbine |
| CN203962464U (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-11-26 | 清华大学 | The mixed flow pump turbine runner of decline slant height flanging |
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| JPS59190480A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1984-10-29 | Toshiba Eng Co Ltd | Horizontal francis water wheel |
| CN1702317A (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2005-11-30 | 清华大学 | Mixed flow water turbine with an eddy suppressor |
| CN102011672A (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2011-04-13 | 清华大学 | Radial-axial flow turbine employing novel guide blade and runner blade profile |
| CN202756162U (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-02-27 | 清华大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine adopting novel guide vane and runner blade molded lines |
| CN103696895A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Francis pump turbine |
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