CN110437857B - High-temperature catalytic pyrolysis household garbage hydrogen filtering device and method with renewable catalyst - Google Patents
High-temperature catalytic pyrolysis household garbage hydrogen filtering device and method with renewable catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis household garbage hydrogen filtering device and method with a renewable catalyst. The device comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a microwave generator, a catalyst bed with a renewable catalyst, a combustion furnace and a cyclone separator; the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is provided with a gas inlet, the microwave generator is arranged on the side wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the bottom or the side wall of the catalyst bed with the renewable catalyst, the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the lower part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, the gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the catalyst bed, and the gas outlet of the catalyst bed with the renewable catalyst is connected to the combustion furnace. The invention can carry out microwave-assisted pyrolysis of household garbage, realize catalyst regeneration and hydrogen filtering, improve the catalytic pyrolysis efficiency, reduce external energy supply, save energy while realizing the recycling utilization of the household garbage, and effectively improve the service life of the device, thereby being economical and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system for preparing gas fuel by continuously pyrolyzing household garbage in a preparation process, in particular to a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis household garbage hydrogen filtering device and method with a renewable catalyst.
Background
At present, the economic society is rapidly developed, the urban process is continuously accelerated, and the garbage and waste generated in urban production and life are rapidly increased. The research shows that the urban garbage has the characteristics of both resource and hazard. On one hand, the urban household garbage is greatly increased, so that the ecological environment is seriously influenced, and the problem of garbage disposal is very serious; on the other hand, the household garbage contains a large amount of biomass energy, and the biomass becomes the optimal raw material for preparing renewable clean energy because of the advantages of cleanness, regeneration and the like, and if the household garbage can be subjected to industrial, recycling, reduction and harmless technical treatment, the problems of energy crisis and environmental deterioration can be solved, and the ecological benefit and the economic benefit of the household garbage are considerable.
For harmless treatment of household garbage, the main domestic modes are landfill, incineration, composting and pyrolysis. Compared with other treatment modes, the pyrolysis can lead the organic solid waste in the household garbage to be decomposed at high temperature under the anaerobic or anoxic condition, the decomposition products are harmless and remarkable, the secondary pollution is small, the recycling can be fully utilized, the call of energy conservation and emission reduction is responded, and the method is quite in line with the current environment in advance of ecological environment protection.
In the pyrolysis technology at the present stage, microwave-assisted pyrolysis has outstanding advantages when being applied to the field of renewable energy sources prepared by biomass conversion as an emerging technology, but has the defects of uneven heating, low catalyst utilization efficiency, potential safety hazards in the operation process under a high-temperature environment due to hydrogen generation after pyrolysis, and the like, wherein the problems of low catalyst utilization rate and safety of the device are particularly outstanding. In the catalytic pyrolysis process, if the temperature rising rate is lower, the temperature of a catalytic reaction window is not high, pyrolysis products are easy to carbonize, and the pore channels of a catalyst bed are blocked and deactivated, so that the utilization efficiency of the catalyst is low, the operation and maintenance cost of the catalyst bed is increased, the economical efficiency is reduced, and the efficiency of treating household garbage of a reaction device and the yield and the productivity of gas fuel are seriously influenced. Therefore, how to realize the optimized upgrading of the catalyst bed and improve the safety of the device in the catalytic pyrolysis process becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low catalytic efficiency and low safety in the existing microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis technology, so as to provide a high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis household garbage hydrogen filtering device and method with a renewable catalyst, which can improve the regeneration and hydrogen filtering treatment of the catalyst with deactivated catalyst beds caused by carbonization of pyrolysis products.
The object of the invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.
A hydrogen filtering device for high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis household garbage with renewable catalyst comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a microwave generator, a catalyst bed with renewable catalyst, a combustion furnace and a cyclone separator; the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is provided with a gas inlet, a bed material is arranged in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a microwave generator is arranged on the side wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and the bottom or the side wall of a catalyst bed with a renewable catalyst, an inlet of a cyclone separator is connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the lower part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the catalyst bed with the renewable catalyst, and a gas outlet of the catalyst bed with the renewable catalyst is connected to a combustion furnace.
Further, the catalyst bed with the renewable catalyst is divided into a catalytic zone and a wall type heat exchange zone, the catalyst bed is disc-shaped, the wall type heat exchange zone is positioned at the periphery of the disc, the catalytic zone is surrounded by the wall type heat exchange zone, the catalytic zone is provided with a blind hole pipe, the blind hole pipe is a microporous ceramic filter pipe with selective permeation of hydrogen, explosion caused by combination of hydrogen and oxygen in the air at high temperature is prevented, and the safety of the device is improved.
Furthermore, the wall type heat exchange area is provided with a U-shaped pipeline, so that uniform heating is conveniently realized, and the wall type heat exchange area is used for heating the catalytic area to realize catalyst regeneration and catalytic reaction.
Further, a jacket is arranged on the outer wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and heat exchange fluid is filled in the jacket. In the invention, flue gas after the waste heat of the catalyst bed is utilized as heat exchange fluid.
Further, the device further comprises a screw feeder and a hopper, wherein the screw feeder and the hopper are convenient to feed, the hopper is connected to a feed inlet of the screw feeder, a discharge outlet of the screw feeder is connected to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and materials are conveyed to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace.
Further, the flue gas outlet of the combustion furnace is connected to the inlet of a U-shaped pipeline of the catalyst bed with the renewable catalyst, and the outlet of the U-shaped pipeline is connected to the jacket of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace.
Further, a flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, and solid residues generated during pyrolysis reach the pyrolysis furnace slag discharge port and are discharged; the bottom of the combustion furnace is provided with an auxiliary fuel inlet.
The method for filtering hydrogen from the household garbage by adopting the device for high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis comprises the following steps:
(1) The household garbage after the drying treatment enters a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace through a screw feeder for pyrolysis, and inert gas and bed materials which are introduced from a bottom gas inlet form a fluidized state, so that the pyrolysis reaction is placed in an anaerobic environment; in order to improve the heating uniformity, the fluidization number of the fluidization state is adjustable, and the microwave generator can improve the heating rate, so that the rapid and uniform heating in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is realized, and the catalytic bed layer is ensured to be in a catalytic reaction temperature window;
(2) The pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis is sent to a cyclone separator for gas-solid separation, the obtained solid product is returned to a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace through returning charge, and the gaseous product enters a catalyst bed with a renewable catalyst for catalysis;
(3) The gas obtained after the catalysis and the hydrogen filtration is pumped by a vacuum pump and is sent into a combustion furnace for combustion;
(4) The high-temperature flue gas led out of the combustion furnace provides heat for a catalyst bed with a renewable catalyst, and coke attached to the catalyst bed with the renewable catalyst can generate carbon dioxide with oxygen under the high-temperature condition and escape, so that passivation and inactivation of the catalyst bed caused by carbonization are improved, and the catalyst is promoted to be regenerated; and then the residual heat carried by the flue gas enters the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) to exchange heat for the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, so that the supply of external energy is reduced.
Further, before the regenerated catalyst is used, the gas in the blind hole pipe is pumped out by a vacuum pump, so that oxygen is prevented from entering the catalyst bed.
Furthermore, the bed material is quartz sand, and SiC is added into the pyrolysis furnace and the catalyst bed and is used as a microwave absorbent, so that microwaves are conveniently absorbed, and a better pyrolysis effect is achieved.
Further, the catalytic temperature in the catalyst bed where the catalyst is regenerable is 700 to 850 ℃.
Further, the flue gas after waste heat utilization is led to a flue gas treatment device through a flue gas pipe connected with the pyrolysis furnace, and is discharged to the outside after cleaning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention discloses a more efficient and clean way for treating household garbage, which reduces the emission of pollutants, and can be used for recycling the household garbage to relieve the energy crisis and the environmental deterioration.
(2) The microwave-assisted high-temperature pyrolysis is utilized, the tolerance of the microwave pyrolysis process to water is strong, pre-drying is not needed, the reaction temperature can be effectively regulated and controlled, the rapid temperature rise is caused, and the pyrolysis rate is conveniently improved by controlling the operation conditions such as microwave power, heating temperature and the like. Meanwhile, biomass in the household garbage is catalytically pyrolyzed under the assistance of microwaves, so that carbonization process of biomass in a low-temperature stage can be reduced, catalyst deactivation caused by mixing of materials and the catalyst is avoided, and the yield and quality of gas are improved.
(3) The catalyst bed is connected with a microwave generator so as to ensure that the catalyst bed layer is in a catalytic reaction temperature window, thereby being beneficial to improving the deactivation problem.
(4) The catalyst bed is divided into a catalytic zone, an air pumping zone and a wall type heat exchange zone, so that one-bed multi-purpose can be realized. The catalytic and air extraction area is provided with a blind hole pipe made of ceramic material, the pipe is provided with hydrogen filtering micropores, the shape of the micropores depends on the molecular structure of hydrogen, and pyrolysis gas can filter out hydrogen in the pyrolysis gas through the blind hole pipe, so that the explosion caused by the combination of hydrogen and oxygen in the air at high temperature is prevented, and the safety of the device is improved; the partition wall type heat exchange area is a circle of U-shaped high-temperature flue gas pipeline, carbon and oxygen can generate carbon monoxide and escape under the high-temperature condition, so that the problems of passivation and inactivation of a catalyst bed, low catalytic efficiency and the like caused by carbonization of pyrolysis steam can be effectively solved, the long-term, stable and efficient reaction process is facilitated, the service life of equipment is prolonged, the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment is reduced, and the economy is high. Meanwhile, the regeneration of the catalyst can be promoted by heating the high-temperature flue gas, and the cost for realizing the regeneration of the catalyst bed is reduced.
(5) The high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the collected catalytic pyrolysis gas in the combustion furnace is used for providing the needed heat for the catalyst bed and the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace in an auxiliary way, so that the supply of external energy is reduced, and the full utilization of resources can be realized.
The method has the advantages of simple and easy technology, high catalytic pyrolysis efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection, can be widely applied to the treatment of household garbage, and has wider application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process flow for producing hydrogen by high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis of household garbage with a renewable catalyst according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detailed structure of a catalyst bed;
in the figure: 1. a screw feeder; 2, a hopper; 3, a microwave generator; 4 jacket; 5a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace; 6, material; 7, bed material; 8a cyclone separator; 9 catalyst bed; 10 auxiliary fuel inlets; 11 combustion furnace, 12 catalysis and air extraction area; 13 high temperature flue gas pipeline; 14 dividing wall type heat exchange area; 15 blind hole pipes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a catalyst-renewable high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis device for producing hydrogen from household garbage comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5, a microwave generator 3, a catalyst-renewable catalyst bed 9, a combustion furnace 11 and a cyclone separator 8; the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5 is provided with a gas inlet, a bed material 7 is arranged in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a microwave generator 3 is arranged on the side wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5 and the bottom or the side wall of a catalyst bed 9 with a renewable catalyst, the inlet of a cyclone 8 is connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5, the bottom of the cyclone 5 is connected to the lower part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5, the gas outlet of the cyclone 5 is connected to the catalyst bed 9 with a renewable catalyst, and the gas outlet of the catalyst bed 9 with a renewable catalyst is connected to a combustion furnace 10. Still include screw feeder 1 and the hopper 2 of being convenient for the feeding, hopper 2 is connected to the feed inlet of screw feeder 1, and the discharge gate of screw feeder 1 is connected to fluidized bed pyrolysis oven 5, carries the material for fluidized bed pyrolysis oven 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the catalyst bed 9 with regenerable catalyst is divided into a catalytic zone 12 and a wall-type heat exchange zone 14, the catalyst bed is disc-shaped, the wall-type heat exchange zone 14 is positioned at the periphery of the disc, the catalytic zone 12 is surrounded by the wall-type heat exchange zone 14, the catalytic zone 12 is provided with a blind hole pipe 15, the blind hole pipe 15 is a microporous ceramic filter pipe with selective permeation of hydrogen, explosion caused by combination of hydrogen and oxygen in the air at high temperature is prevented, and the safety of the device is improved. The wall heat exchange area 14 is provided with a U-shaped pipeline 13, so that uniform heating is conveniently realized, and the wall heat exchange area is used for heating the catalytic area 12 to realize catalyst regeneration and catalytic reaction. The flue gas outlet of the burner 11 is connected to the inlet of a U-shaped pipe 13 of the catalyst bed 9 where the catalyst is regenerated, and the outlet of the U-shaped pipe 13 is connected to the jacket 4 of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5. The top of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5 is provided with a flue gas outlet, the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is provided with a slag discharge port, and solid residues generated during pyrolysis reach the pyrolysis slag discharge port and are discharged; an auxiliary fuel inlet 10 is arranged at the bottom of the combustion furnace 11.
The outer wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5 is provided with a jacket, and the jacket is filled with heat exchange fluid. In the invention, flue gas after the waste heat of the catalyst bed is utilized as heat exchange fluid.
When the supply of heat in the pyrolysis furnace 5 is insufficient, the auxiliary fuel 10 may be used for combustion supporting.
The method for preparing gas by pyrolyzing the household garbage by adopting the device comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
(1) The household garbage after drying treatment enters a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5 through a screw feeder 1 for pyrolysis, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled at 800 ℃, bed materials 7 (including but not limited to catalysts and quartz sand) and a microwave absorbent (a proper amount of SiC) are arranged in the pyrolysis furnace 5, and inert gas and the bed materials which are introduced from a bottom gas inlet form a fluidization state, so that the pyrolysis reaction is placed under an anaerobic condition;
(2) The pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis is sent to a cyclone separator 8 for separation of gas and solid, the obtained solid product is returned to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5 through returning charge, and the gaseous product enters a catalyst bed 9 with renewable catalyst for catalysis;
(3) The gas obtained after the catalysis and the hydrogen filtration is pumped by a vacuum pump and is sent into a combustion furnace 11 for combustion;
(4) The gas in the catalyst bed 9 is pumped out by a vacuum pump and used for combustion in the combustion furnace 11, and is combusted together with auxiliary fuel 10 such as natural gas; meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas is conveyed to the catalyst bed 9 by a pipeline, so that carbon deposit in the flue gas can be oxidized under the high-temperature condition, and the catalyst regeneration is promoted; the gaseous product separated by the cyclone separator enters a catalyst bed 9 for catalytic reforming, the catalytic temperature is controlled to be 700-850 ℃, and a microwave generator 3 connected with the catalyst bed 9 is used for providing needed heat for the assistance of the catalyst bed, so that the catalytic bed is ensured to be in a catalytic reaction temperature window; and then to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 5, if the residual heat carried by the furnace can meet the requirement of supplying the operation of the pyrolysis furnace 5, the furnace is again assisted in supplying heat, and the supply of external energy is reduced. And the flue gas after waste heat utilization is led to a flue gas treatment device through a flue gas pipe connected with the pyrolysis furnace, and is discharged to the outside after cleaning.
Before the regenerated catalyst is used, the gas in the blind hole pipe is pumped out by a vacuum pump, so that oxygen is prevented from entering the catalyst bed.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention should be made and equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The high-temperature catalytic pyrolysis household garbage hydrogen filtering device with the renewable catalyst is characterized by comprising a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5), a microwave generator (3), a catalyst bed (9) with the renewable catalyst, a combustion furnace (11) and a cyclone separator (8); the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) is provided with a gas inlet, a bed material (7) is arranged in the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a microwave generator (3) is arranged on the side wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) and the bottom or the side wall of a catalyst bed (9) with a renewable catalyst, the inlet of a cyclone separator (8) is connected to a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5), the bottom of the cyclone separator (8) is connected to the lower part of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5), the gas outlet of the cyclone separator (8) is connected to the catalyst bed (9) with a renewable catalyst, and the gas outlet of the catalyst bed (9) with a renewable catalyst is connected to a combustion furnace (11); the top of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the bottom of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is provided with a slag discharge port; an auxiliary fuel inlet (10) is arranged at the bottom of the combustion furnace (11);
the catalyst bed (9) with the regenerable catalyst is divided into a catalytic zone (12) and a wall type heat exchange zone (14), the catalyst bed is disc-shaped, the wall type heat exchange zone (14) is positioned at the periphery of the disc, the catalytic zone (12) is surrounded by the wall type heat exchange zone (14), the catalytic zone (12) is provided with blind hole pipes (15), and the blind hole pipes (15) are microporous ceramic filter pipes with selective permeation of hydrogen;
The dividing wall type heat exchange zone (14) is provided with a U-shaped pipeline (13) for heating the catalytic zone (12) to realize catalyst regeneration and catalytic reaction.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) is provided with a jacket, and the jacket is filled with a heat exchange fluid.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a screw feeder (1) and a hopper (2), the hopper (2) being connected to a feed inlet of the screw feeder (1), a discharge outlet of the screw feeder (1) being connected to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) for conveying material to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5).
4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the flue gas outlet of the burner (11) is connected to the inlet of a U-shaped pipe (13) of the catalyst bed (9) where the catalyst is regenerated, the outlet of the U-shaped pipe (13) being connected to the jacket (4) of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5).
5. A method for high temperature catalytic pyrolysis of household garbage hydrogen filtration by the apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of: (1) The household garbage after the drying treatment enters a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) through a screw feeder (1) for pyrolysis, and inert gas and bed materials are introduced from a bottom gas inlet to form a fluidized state;
(2) The pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis is sent to a cyclone separator (8) for separation of gas and solid, the obtained solid product is returned to the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) through returning charge, and the gaseous product enters a catalyst bed (9) with renewable catalyst for catalysis;
(3) The gas obtained after the catalysis and the hydrogen filtration is pumped by a vacuum pump and is sent into a combustion furnace (11) for combustion;
(4) The flue gas led out of the combustion furnace (11) provides heat for a catalyst bed (9) with a renewable catalyst, so that the catalyst is promoted to be regenerated; and then the flue gas enters a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace (5) to exchange heat for the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the bed material is quartz sand.
7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the catalytic temperature in the catalyst bed (9) where the catalyst is regenerated is 700-850 ℃.
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