CN110437625B - Edible coating film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an edible coating and a preparation method thereof, and the edible coating comprises the following steps: self-assembling the grass carp swim bladder collagen to obtain self-assembled collagen; preparing the self-assembled collagen into 4-8% (w/v) collagen solution, dissolving in water bath at 40-60 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding other coating materials, mixing, stirring, crosslinking at 50-65 ℃ for 20-35 min, cooling to room temperature, degassing in vacuum, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering to obtain the edible coating. The invention utilizes the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product to promote the self-assembly of the collagen of the grass carp swim bladder, so that the space structure is more compact, the film forming property of the collagen of the grass carp swim bladder is improved, and an edible coating prepared by utilizing the self-assembled collagen of the grass carp swim bladder has stronger thermal stability, mechanical property, water resistance and emulsibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological food, and particularly relates to an edible coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Grass carp is the first of four Chinese family fishes, and is widely welcomed due to the advantages of high protein, low fat, large capture amount and the like. However, in the use and processing of grass carp, due to the relative lag of processing technology and dietary habits, swim bladder, fish skin, fish scales and the like are not fully utilized and are often abandoned as leftovers. The collagen is extracted from the swim bladder of the grass carp, so that the resource waste is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased.
Collagen (collagen) is a fibrous structure protein widely existing in organisms, and can be divided into a plurality of types I, II, III and the like according to the difference of molecular structures, wherein the type I collagen is the most important existing form in the organisms and is structurally characterized by a triple-helix structure formed by two alpha 1 peptide chains and one alpha 2 peptide chain. Because the collagen has good biocompatibility, processing adaptability and low immunological rejection, the collagen is widely applied to the fields of artificial skin, artificial blood vessels, wound repair and the like as a main biological material of medical tissue engineering in recent years.
The collagen is self-assembled in vitro to form a highly ordered reticular structure, which is beneficial to the adhesion, proliferation, diffusion and migration of cells, and has good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical property, biodegradability and weak antigenicity. In recent years, designing and synthesizing a collagen self-assembled biofunctional material having excellent properties has become a research hotspot. However, no study on the self-assembly behavior of the collagen of the grass carp swim bladder is reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of an edible coating film, which improves the performance of the edible film.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an edible coating film comprises the following steps:
(1) self-assembling the grass carp swim bladder collagen to obtain self-assembled collagen;
(2) preparing self-assembled collagen into 4-8% (w/v) collagen solution, dissolving in water bath at 40-60 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding other coating materials, mixing, stirring for 15-25 min, crosslinking at 50-65 ℃ for 20-35 min, cooling to room temperature, vacuum degassing for 3-7 min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering the film to obtain the edible coating.
Preferably, the other coating material is 0.5% (w/w) of glycerin or a composite coating material comprising 2-4% (w/w) of chitosan, 0.4-0.8% (w/w) of crude rose essential oil, and 0.5-1.5% (w/w) of glycerin. Adding at least one of 2-4% (w/w) chitosan, 0.4-0.8% (w/w) crude rose essential oil extract and 0.5-1.5% (w/w) glycerol.
Preferably, the preparation method of the rose essential oil crude extract comprises the following steps:
taking 2kg of fresh rose petals, shearing, mixing with 500mL of distilled water, distilling for 8h, continuously distilling the water layer in the condensate, and centrifugally dehydrating the obtained oil layer to obtain the crude extract of the rose essential oil.
Preferably, the step (1) of self-assembling the collagen of the fish maw comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting grass carp swim bladder collagen from grass carp;
(2) extracting grass carp myofibrillar protein from grass carp;
(3) carrying out enzymolysis on the extracted grass carp myofibrillar protein to obtain a grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product;
(4) preparing a grass carp swim bladder collagen acetic acid solution, adding a sodium chloride solution under the conditions of 25-40 ℃ and pH 6.0-7.0, and carrying out grass carp swim bladder collagen self-assembly reaction with a grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product.
Preferably, the concentration of the grass carp swim bladder collagen acetic acid solution is 1.0-4.0 mg/mL.
Preferably, the concentration of the myofibrillar enzymolysis product is 0.5-2.0 mg/mL.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 50 to 100 mmol/mL.
Preferably, the step of extracting the collagen of the grass carp swim bladder in the step (1-1) comprises the following steps:
defatting air bladder Pseudosciaenae Seu Acipenser, washing with water to neutral, adding extractant, reacting for 24-48 hr, centrifuging, adding precooled sodium chloride into supernatant, salting out, standing, centrifuging, collecting precipitate, repeating salting out operation on supernatant, mixing precipitates, dissolving with acetic acid, dialyzing, vacuum freeze drying, and preserving. The specific process is as follows: defatting air bladder Pseudosciaenae Seu Acipenser, washing with water to neutral, adding 0.5M acetic acid (1:10, w/v), 0.1% (w/v)3000U/mg pepsin, reacting for 24-48h, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 20min, adding precooled sodium chloride into the supernatant, salting out, standing for 4h, centrifuging again to obtain precipitate, repeatedly salting out the supernatant, mixing the precipitates, dissolving with 10 times volume of 0.5M acetic acid, dialyzing, vacuum freeze drying, and preserving at-20 deg.C.
The extractant employed in the present invention includes acetic acid and pepsin.
Preferably, the step of extracting myofibrillar proteins of grass carp in the step (1-2) comprises the following steps:
chopping grass carp flesh, adding a precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, placing in an ice bath for stirring, filtering, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, adding a precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, centrifuging, and circularly cleaning, wherein the obtained precipitate is the grass carp myofibrillar protein.
The specific process is as follows: chopping grass carp fish meat, adding 10 times volume of precooled sodium chloride solution (60mmol/L) for homogenizing, placing in an ice bath for stirring for 30min, filtering by gauze, centrifuging for 15min at 8000r/min, taking precipitate, adding precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, centrifuging, and circularly cleaning for 3 times to obtain precipitate, namely the grass carp myofibrillar protein.
Preferably, the step of proteolysis of myofibrils of fish in step (3) comprises:
adding a certain amount of myofibrillar protein into 3 times of water by weight, pulping, adjusting the temperature to 50 ℃ and pH to 8.0, adding 3000-plus 5000U/g compound protease for hydrolysis, wherein the proportion of the compound protease is alpha-chymotrypsin, alkaline protease and papain is 1:1:0.5, inactivating the enzyme in a boiling water bath for 10min after the reaction is finished, stopping the reaction, cooling running water to room temperature, and storing in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ for later use, thus obtaining the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product.
An edible coating film obtained by the preparation method of the edible coating film.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product to promote the self-assembly of the collagen of the grass carp swim bladder, so that the space structure is more compact, the film forming property of the collagen of the grass carp swim bladder is improved, and an edible coating prepared by utilizing the self-assembled collagen of the grass carp swim bladder has stronger thermal stability, mechanical property, water resistance and emulsibility.
(2) The invention develops a composite coating prepared by taking grass carp swim bladder collagen, chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract as raw materials, and the coating has stronger thermal stability, mechanical property, water resistance and emulsibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the self-assembly behavior of collagen of fish maw in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the self-assembly behavior of collagen of fish maw in example 2.
FIG. 3 shows the self-assembly behavior of collagen of fish maw in example 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A preparation method of an edible coating film comprises the following steps:
(1) degreasing grass carp swim bladders, fully washing the grass carp swim bladders to be neutral, adding 0.5M acetic acid (1:10, w/v) and 0.1% (w/v)3000U/mg pepsin to react for 24 hours, centrifuging the reaction product for 20 minutes at 5000r/min, adding precooled sodium chloride into supernate to salt out, standing the obtained product for 4 hours, centrifuging the obtained product again to obtain precipitate, repeating salting out operation on the supernate, dissolving the precipitate by using 10 times of volume of 0.5% M acetic acid, dialyzing the obtained product, freezing and drying the obtained product in vacuum, and preserving the obtained product at-20 ℃ for later use to obtain the grass carp swim bladder collagen.
(2) Chopping grass carp flesh, adding 10 times volume of precooled sodium chloride solution (50mmol/L) for homogenizing, placing in an ice bath, stirring for 30min, filtering by gauze, centrifuging for 15min at 8000r/min, taking precipitate, adding precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, centrifuging, and circularly cleaning for 3 times to obtain the grass carp myofibrillar protein.
(3) Preparing 40mg/mL grass carp myofibrillar protein acetic acid solution, adding 3000U/g of compound protease for hydrolysis at 50 ℃ and pH8.0, inactivating enzyme for 10min in a boiling water bath after the reaction is finished, stopping the reaction, cooling the solution to room temperature by running water, and storing the solution in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ for later use to obtain the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product, wherein the compound protease is alpha-chymotrypsin, alkaline protease and papain in a ratio of 1:1: 0.5.
(4) Preparing 1.0mg/mL collagen acetic acid solution, adding 50mmol/mL sodium chloride solution at 25 ℃ and pH 6.0, and carrying out grass carp swim bladder collagen self-assembly reaction with 0.5mg/mL grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis products.
(5) Preparing a 4% (w/v) self-assembled collagen solution, dissolving in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min, adding 0.5% (w/w) glycerol, mixing, stirring for 20min, crosslinking at 60 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, vacuum degassing for 5min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering the film to obtain the edible coating film.
(6) Preparing a 4% (w/v) self-assembled collagen solution, dissolving in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min, adding 2% of chitosan, 0.4% of crude rose essential oil extract and 0.5% of glycerol, mixing, stirring for 30min, crosslinking at 60 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, vacuum degassing for 5min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering to obtain the edible coating.
And monitoring the absorbance value of the collagen self-assembly system at 313nm in real time by using a spectrophotometer, and drawing a self-assembly curve. Wherein, the collagen self-assembly reaction without adding the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is a control group, the collagen self-assembly reaction with adding 0.5mg/mL grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is an experimental group, and the result is shown in figure 1. As shown in the figure, compared with the control group, the lag phase of the grass carp swim bladder collagen is prolonged after the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is added, and the absorbance value in the stationary phase is increased, which indicates that the formed three-dimensional network structure of the collagen fiber is most compact, and the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is added to promote the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen, and indicates that the grass carp swim bladder collagen obtained by the method of the embodiment has a better self-assembly effect.
In this example, the emulsification properties of the coating solution after collagen self-assembly and the composite coating solution were analyzed, and the emulsification property of the collagen coating solution without self-assembly was 36.78m2The emulsion stability is 19.21 percent, and the emulsion property of the assembled collagen coating liquid is increased to 41.55m2The emulsifying stability is increased to 24.55 percent per gram, and the emulsifying property of the coating liquid prepared by compounding the coating liquid with chitosan and the crude extract of rose essential oil is increased to 66.47m2The emulsion stability increased to 27.31% per gram. The method of the embodiment is shown to promote the self-assembly of the collagen and improve the emulsifying property of the film formation.
TABLE 1 variation of heat denaturation temperature, mechanical properties and water-blocking property of grass carp swim bladder collagen membrane
The collagen film prepared from the collagen solution without self-assembly was used as a control group, and the changes in thermal denaturation temperature, mechanical properties, and water resistance of the collagen film and the collagen composite film prepared from the collagen solution after self-assembly were analyzed, and the results are shown in table 1. It can be seen from the table that, compared with the control group, the thermal denaturation temperature of the edible coating prepared by the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen is increased from 26.51 ℃ to 37.08 ℃, the thermal denaturation temperature of the composite membrane prepared by the self-assembly of the collagen and the chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract is increased to 40.32 ℃, which indicates that the thermal stability of the collagen coating is improved by the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen, and the composite membrane prepared by the self-assembly of the collagen and other materials such as the chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract has better thermal stability.
Compared with a control group, the coating prepared by self-assembly of the collagen has increased tensile strength and reduced elongation at break, and the coating prepared by compounding the coating with chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract has stronger tensile strength and lower elongation at break, which shows that the film-forming property of the coating can be improved by promoting the self-assembly of the collagen.
Compared with a control group, the water vapor transmission rate of the coating prepared by self-assembly of the collagen is reduced, and the coating prepared by compounding the collagen with the chitosan and the rose essential oil crude extract has lower water vapor transmission rate, which indicates that the water-blocking performance of the film formed by the collagen can be improved by promoting the self-assembly of the collagen.
Example 2
A preparation method of an edible coating film comprises the following steps:
(1) defatting air bladder Pseudosciaenae Seu Acipenser, washing with water to neutral, adding 0.5M acetic acid (1:10, w/v), 0.1% (w/v)3000U/mg pepsin, reacting for 36h, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 20min, adding precooled sodium chloride into the supernatant, salting out, standing for 4h, centrifuging again to obtain precipitate, repeating salting out operation on the supernatant, mixing the precipitates, dissolving with 10 times volume of 0.5% M acetic acid, dialyzing, vacuum freeze drying, and preserving at-20 deg.C.
(2) Extracting myofibrillar protein of grass carp: chopping grass carp fish meat, adding 10 times volume of precooled sodium chloride solution (60mmol/L) for homogenizing, placing in an ice bath for stirring for 30min, filtering by gauze, centrifuging for 15min at 8000r/min, taking precipitate, adding precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, centrifuging, and circularly cleaning for 3 times to obtain precipitate, namely the grass carp myofibrillar protein.
(3) Enzymolysis of grass carp myofibrillar protein: taking a certain amount of myofibrillar protein, adding 3 times of water by weight, pulping, adding 4000U/g of compound protease for hydrolysis under the conditions of 50 ℃ and pH8.0, wherein the proportion of the compound protease is alpha-chymotrypsin, alkaline protease and papain is 1:1:0.5, inactivating the enzyme for 10min in a boiling water bath after the reaction is finished, stopping the reaction, cooling running water to room temperature, and storing in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ for later use to obtain the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product.
(4) Self-assembly of grass carp swim bladder collagen: preparing 2.0mg/mL collagen acetic acid solution, adding 75mmol/mL sodium chloride solution at 25 ℃ and pH 6.0, and carrying out grass carp swim bladder collagen self-assembly reaction with 1.0mg/mL grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis products.
(5) Preparing a 6% (w/v) self-assembled collagen solution, dissolving in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min, adding 1.0% (w/w) glycerol, mixing, stirring for 20min, crosslinking at 60 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, vacuum degassing for 5min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering the film to obtain the edible coating film.
(6) Preparing a 6% (w/v) self-assembled collagen solution, dissolving in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min, adding 3% (w/w) chitosan, 0.6% (w/w) rose essential oil crude extract and 1% (w/w) glycerol, mixing, stirring for 30min, crosslinking at 60 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, degassing in vacuum for 5min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering the film to obtain the edible coating film.
And monitoring the absorbance value of the collagen self-assembly system at 313nm in real time by using a spectrophotometer, and drawing a self-assembly curve. Wherein, the collagen self-assembly reaction without adding the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is a control group, the collagen self-assembly reaction with adding 1.0mg/mL grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is an experimental group, and the result is shown in figure 2. As shown in the figure, compared with the control group, the lag phase of the grass carp swim bladder collagen is prolonged after the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is added, and the absorbance value in the stationary phase is increased, which indicates that the formed three-dimensional network structure of the collagen fiber is most compact, and the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is added to promote the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen, and indicates that the grass carp swim bladder collagen obtained by the method of the embodiment has a better self-assembly effect.
In this example, the emulsification properties of the coating solution after collagen self-assembly and the composite coating solution were analyzed, and the emulsification property of the collagen coating solution without self-assembly was 37.12m2The emulsion stability is 20.09%, and the emulsion property of the assembled collagen coating liquid is increased to 60.58m2The emulsifying stability is increased to 26.29 percent per gram, and the emulsifying property of the coating liquid prepared by compounding the coating liquid with chitosan and the crude extract of rose essential oil is increased to 79.20m2The emulsion stability increased to 28.42% per gram. The method of the embodiment is shown to promote the self-assembly of the collagen and improve the emulsifying property of the film formation.
TABLE 2 collagen film thermal denaturation temperature, mechanical properties and Water blocking Property changes
The collagen film prepared from the collagen solution without self-assembly was used as a control group, and the thermal denaturation temperature, mechanical properties and water blocking properties of the collagen film and the collagen composite film prepared from the collagen solution after self-assembly were analyzed, and the results are shown in table 2. It can be seen from the table that, compared with the control group, the thermal denaturation temperature of the edible coating prepared by the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen is increased from 26.51 ℃ to 37.41 ℃, the thermal denaturation temperature of the composite membrane prepared by the self-assembly of the collagen and the chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract is increased to 41.55 ℃, which indicates that the thermal stability of the collagen coating is improved by the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen, and the composite membrane prepared by the self-assembly of the collagen and other materials such as the chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract has better thermal stability.
Compared with a control group, the coating prepared by self-assembly of the collagen has increased tensile strength and reduced elongation at break, and the coating prepared by compounding the coating with chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract has stronger tensile strength and lower elongation at break, which shows that the film-forming property of the coating can be improved by promoting the self-assembly of the collagen.
Compared with a control group, the water vapor transmission rate of the coating prepared by self-assembly of the collagen is reduced, and the coating prepared by compounding the collagen with the chitosan and the rose essential oil crude extract has lower water vapor transmission rate, which indicates that the water-blocking performance of the film formed by the collagen can be improved by promoting the self-assembly of the collagen.
Example 3
A preparation method of an edible coating film comprises the following steps:
(1) defatting air bladder Pseudosciaenae Seu Acipenser, washing with water to neutral, adding 0.5M acetic acid (1:10, w/v), 0.1% (w/v)3000U/mg pepsin, reacting for 48h, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 20min, adding precooled sodium chloride into the supernatant, salting out, standing for 4h, centrifuging again to obtain precipitate, repeating salting out operation on the supernatant, mixing the precipitates, dissolving with 10 times volume of 0.5M acetic acid, dialyzing, vacuum freeze drying, and preserving at-20 deg.C.
(2) Extracting myofibrillar protein of grass carp: chopping grass carp fish meat, adding 10 times volume of precooled sodium chloride solution (70mmol/L) for homogenizing, placing in an ice bath for stirring for 30min, filtering by gauze, centrifuging for 15min at 8000r/min, taking precipitate, adding precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, centrifuging, and circularly cleaning for 3 times to obtain precipitate, namely the grass carp myofibrillar protein.
(3) Enzymolysis of grass carp myofibrillar protein: taking a certain amount of myofibrillar protein, adding 3 times of water by weight, pulping, adding 5000U/g of compound protease for hydrolysis under the conditions of 50 ℃ and pH8.0, inactivating enzyme for 10min in a boiling water bath after the reaction is finished, stopping the reaction, cooling running water to room temperature, and storing in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ for later use to obtain the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product.
(4) Self-assembly of grass carp swim bladder collagen: preparing 4.0mg/mL collagen acetic acid solution, adding 100mmol/mL sodium chloride solution at 40 ℃ and pH 7.0, and carrying out grass carp swim bladder collagen self-assembly reaction with 2.0mg/mL grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis products.
(5) Preparing 8% (w/v) of self-assembled collagen solution, dissolving in water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min, adding 1.5% (w/w) of glycerol, mixing, stirring for 20min, crosslinking at 60 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, vacuum degassing for 5min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering the film to obtain the edible coating film.
(6) Preparing 8% (w/v) of self-assembled collagen solution, dissolving in water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min, adding 4% (w/w) of chitosan, 0.8% (w/w) of crude rose essential oil extract and 1.5% (w/w) of glycerol, mixing, stirring for 30min, crosslinking at 60 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, vacuum degassing for 5min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering the film to obtain the edible coating film.
And monitoring the absorbance value of the collagen self-assembly system at 313nm in real time by using a spectrophotometer, and drawing a self-assembly curve. Wherein, the collagen self-assembly reaction without adding the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is a control group, the collagen self-assembly reaction with adding 2.0mg/mL grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is an experimental group, and the result is shown in figure 3. As shown in the figure, compared with the control group, the lag phase of the grass carp swim bladder collagen is prolonged after the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is added, and the absorbance value in the stationary phase is increased, which indicates that the formed three-dimensional network structure of the collagen fiber is most compact, and the grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product is added to promote the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen, and indicates that the grass carp swim bladder collagen obtained by the method of the embodiment has a better self-assembly effect.
In this example, the emulsification properties of the coating solution after collagen self-assembly and the composite coating solution were analyzed, and the emulsification property of the collagen coating solution without self-assembly was 38.61m2The emulsion stability is 20.56 percent, and the emulsion property of the assembled collagen coating liquid is increased to 71.54m2The emulsifying stability is increased to 26.77 percent, and the emulsifying property of the coating liquid prepared by compounding the coating liquid with chitosan and crude extract of rose essential oil is increased to 87.66m2The emulsion stability increased to 34.55% per gram. The method of the embodiment can improve the film-forming emulsifying performance.
TABLE 3 collagen film Heat denaturation temperature, mechanical Properties and Water blocking Property Change
The collagen film prepared from the collagen solution without self-assembly was used as a control group, and the thermal denaturation temperature, mechanical properties and water blocking properties of the collagen film and the collagen composite film prepared from the collagen solution after self-assembly were analyzed, and the results are shown in table 3. It can be seen from the table that, compared with the control group, the thermal denaturation temperature of the edible coating prepared by the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen is increased from 26.51 ℃ to 38.26 ℃, the thermal denaturation temperature of the composite membrane prepared by the self-assembly of the collagen and the chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract is increased to 45.34 ℃, which indicates that the thermal stability of the collagen coating is improved by the self-assembly of the grass carp swim bladder collagen, and the composite membrane prepared by the self-assembly of the collagen and other materials such as the chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract has better thermal stability.
Compared with a control group, the coating prepared by self-assembly of the collagen has increased tensile strength and reduced elongation at break, and the coating prepared by compounding the coating with chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract has stronger tensile strength and lower elongation at break, which shows that the film-forming property of the coating can be improved by promoting the self-assembly of the collagen.
Compared with a control group, the water vapor transmission rate of the coating prepared by self-assembly of the collagen is reduced, and the coating prepared by compounding the collagen with the chitosan and the rose essential oil crude extract has lower water vapor transmission rate, which indicates that the water-blocking performance of the film formed by the collagen can be improved by promoting the self-assembly of the collagen.
Compared with a control group, the emulsifying property of the coating prepared by self-assembly of the collagen is increased, and the coating prepared by compounding the coating with chitosan and rose essential oil crude extract has stronger emulsifying property, which shows that the emulsifying property of the formed film can be improved by promoting the self-assembly of the collagen.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of an edible coating film is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) self-assembling the grass carp swim bladder collagen to obtain self-assembled collagen;
(2) preparing self-assembled collagen into 4-8% (w/v) collagen solution, dissolving in water bath at 40-60 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding other coating materials, mixing, stirring for 15-25 min, crosslinking at 50-65 ℃ for 20-35 min, cooling to room temperature, vacuum degassing for 3-7 min, naturally drying at room temperature, and uncovering the film to obtain the edible coating;
wherein, the step of self-assembling collagen of fish maw of Chinese grass in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(1-1) extracting the collagen of the grass carp swim bladder from the grass carp;
(1-2) extracting myofibrillar protein of the grass carp from the grass carp;
(1-3) carrying out enzymolysis on extracted grass carp myofibrillar protein: adding 3 times of water into a certain amount of grass carp myofibrillar protein for pulping, adjusting the temperature to 50 ℃ and pH to 8.0, adding 3000-5000U/g composite protease for hydrolysis, wherein the composite protease is alpha-chymotrypsin, alkaline protease and papain in a ratio of 1:1:0.5, inactivating the enzyme for 10min in a boiling water bath after the reaction is finished, stopping the reaction, cooling running water to room temperature, and storing in a refrigerator at 0 ℃ for later use to obtain a grass carp myofibrillar protein enzymolysis product;
(1-4) preparing acetic acid solution of the collagen of the swimming bladder of the grass carp, adding sodium chloride solution into the acetic acid solution at the temperature of 25-40 ℃ and the pH value of 6.0-7.0, and carrying out self-assembly reaction of the collagen of the swimming bladder of the grass carp with the enzymolysis product of the myofibrillar protein of the grass carp.
2. The method of preparing an edible coating according to claim 1, wherein the other coating material is 0.5% (w/w) glycerin or a composite coating material comprising 2-4% (w/w) chitosan, 0.4-0.8% (w/w) rose essential oil crude extract, and 0.5-1.5% (w/w) glycerin.
3. The method of preparing an edible coating according to claim 2, wherein the method of preparing the crude rose essential oil comprises:
taking 2kg of fresh rose petals, shearing, mixing with 500mL of distilled water, distilling for 8h, continuously distilling the water layer in the condensate, and centrifugally dehydrating the obtained oil layer to obtain the crude extract of the rose essential oil.
4. The method for preparing the edible coating film according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the grass carp swim bladder collagen acetic acid solution is 1.0-4.0mg/mL, and the concentration of the myofibrillar enzymolysis product is 0.5-2.0 mg/mL.
5. The method of preparing an edible coating film according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 50 to 100 mmol/mL.
6. The method for preparing the edible coating film according to claim 1, wherein the step of extracting collagen from grass carp swim bladder in the step (1-1) comprises the following steps:
degreasing grass carp swim bladder, fully washing to be neutral, adding an extracting agent to react for 24-48h, centrifuging, adding precooled sodium chloride into supernate for salting out, standing, centrifuging again to obtain precipitate, repeating salting out operation on the supernate, combining the precipitate, dissolving with acetic acid, dialyzing, carrying out vacuum freeze drying, and preserving for later use, wherein the extracting agent is at least one of acetic acid and oxalic acid.
7. The method for preparing the edible coating film according to claim 1, wherein the step of extracting myofibrillar proteins of the grass carp in the step (1-2) comprises the following steps:
chopping grass carp flesh, adding a precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, placing in an ice bath for stirring, filtering, centrifuging, taking a precipitate, adding a precooled sodium chloride solution for homogenizing, centrifuging, and circularly cleaning, wherein the obtained precipitate is the grass carp myofibrillar protein.
8. An edible coating film obtained by the method for producing an edible coating film according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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