CN110437363A - 一种pvdc乳液及其太阳能电池背板 - Google Patents
一种pvdc乳液及其太阳能电池背板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110437363A CN110437363A CN201910616864.9A CN201910616864A CN110437363A CN 110437363 A CN110437363 A CN 110437363A CN 201910616864 A CN201910616864 A CN 201910616864A CN 110437363 A CN110437363 A CN 110437363A
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- parts
- pvdc
- solar cell
- backboard
- lotion
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F214/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F214/08—Vinylidene chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09D127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2427/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2427/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2427/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2427/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
一种PVDC乳液,由下述重量份的组分制成:偏二氯乙烯单体23‑50份,改性单体7‑23份,引发剂0.2‑0.5份,乳化剂1‑2份,分散剂33.8‑67.5,PH调节剂0.001‑0.02份。本发明通过选用特定官能团的共聚单体改进PVDC的耐热性、粘接性,使PVDC作为涂布型背板的阻隔层,既能提高背板的水汽阻隔性,同时在阻隔层上增设氟碳涂层保证太阳能电池背板的耐候性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种薄膜,特别是用于PVDC涂层的乳液及其制备的太阳能电池背板。
背景技术
PVDC,学名为“聚偏二氯乙烯”,是一种软化温度在160-200℃的热塑性聚合物,具有头尾相连的线性聚合链结构,它分子链结构规整、结晶度高,从而赋予其优异的高阻隔性、强韧性和阻燃性,使其成为一种具有多种用途的高分子材料,在各行各业都有广泛的应用。作为包装材料,得益于其具有无可比拟的阻隔性、同时能兼顾耐油浸、耐酸碱、耐化学药品腐蚀及优良的印刷、热封装性能,几十年来在包装行业一直处于领先和主导地位。
PVDC自身结晶度一般可达到80%以上,由于其结晶度高,而且熔融与分解温度十分靠近,加工时难以控制,因而限制了PVDC的应用范围。为了改善PVDC的加工性能,一般采用引入一种或二种单体进行共聚的方法,通常选择的单体有丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸酯类单体等。引入单体与VDC进行共聚之后,分子链的规整性和对称性下降,因而结晶度降低,熔点也降低,致使加工温度范围变宽,扩大了其应用范围和实用价值。
太阳能电池组件是由多层材料层叠而成,从接触阳光面向下依次为玻璃前板、第一EVA封装层、电池片、第二EVA封装层和背板。由于组件厂商对组件的使用寿命要求越来越高,双面含氟背板成了顺应市场的主流产品。然而,市场上常用的PVF、PVDF或涂覆含氟涂层都存在涂层致密性差,对背板的阻隔性能没有贡献。背板作为组件中与外界环境接触的聚合物封装材料,必须具有良好的抗环境侵蚀能力。背板的高水汽透过率会引起EVA的水解,进一步破坏组件的其它材料,导致组件发电功率衰减甚至是报废。因此提高背板水汽阻隔性,对减少组件的功率衰减、延长组件寿命有重要意义。
现有提升涂覆型背板的阻隔性的方法主要有:中国专利CN105619980A公开了一种涂布型高绝缘阻湿背板,采用PET作为支撑层,涂布聚乙烯共混物作为绝缘层、涂布丙烯酰胺、乙烯醇共聚物做为阻湿层得到高绝缘阻湿背板,此种背板需要较厚的涂层才能够保证阻隔性,会导致涂层中溶剂难以挥发影响成膜质量,最终影响产品性能。中国专利CN108164731A公开了一种无需底胶的阻隔涂布液的制备方法,使用PVDC乳胶中添加PVOH,解决了和基材的粘接性,但PVOH的加入会在高湿条件下阻隔性大幅下降;中国专利CN108410280A公开了一种涂布用PVDC乳液的制备,其共聚单体为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯等丙烯酸类单体中的一种或几种,为兼顾阻隔性,共聚单体的添加量为4%-16%,难以保证与支撑层的附着牢度。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题在于克服上述技术之不足,提供一种PVDC乳液及其应用,将其用于太阳能电池背板,使其具有优异的水汽阻隔性、界面粘接性、耐侯性及阻燃性,PVDC阻隔层与第二耐候层及支撑层间不需增设粘结层。
本发明所述问题是以下述技术方案解决的:
一种PVDC乳液,由下述重量份的组分制成:偏二氯乙烯单体23-50份,改性单体7-23份,引发剂0.2-0.5份,乳化剂1-2份,分散剂33.8-67.5,PH调节剂0.001-0.02份。
上述PVDC乳液,所述改性单体为含环氧基团的单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或烯丙基缩水甘油醚中的一种或两种。
上述PVDC乳液,所述引发剂为过硫酸钾,过硫酸铵或叔丁基过氧化氢中的一种或几种。
上述PVDC乳液,所述乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十五烷基硫酸钠,十八烷基硫酸钠,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,十五烷基苯磺酸钠,十八烷基苯磺酸钠,十二烷基羧酸钾中的一种或几种。
上述PVDC乳液,所述分散剂为去离子水。
上述PVDC乳液,所述PH调节剂为乙二胺四乙酸盐。
一种PVDC乳液的应用,将上述PVDC乳液用于涂布太阳能电池封装背板,所述太阳能电池封装背板包括依次排列的第一耐候层、基材层、高阻隔层和第二耐候层,所述高阻隔层由PVDC乳液涂覆而制成,其中PVDC乳液的固含量为30%-65%。所述固含量是指聚合后,聚合物分散在去离子水中,水为液相,聚合物为固体相,固体相的含量;优选50%-60%,目的是控制涂层干膜厚度,固含量太低,涂布后容易出现流挂现象;固含太高,不能充分铺展在支撑层上,流平性差。
上述太阳能电池封装背板,所述高阻隔涂层的厚度为1μm-20μm;所述阻隔层在线涂布或在聚酯薄膜成品上二次过机涂布。
上述太阳能电池封装背板,所述第一耐候层为用胶黏剂复合聚氟乙烯膜或聚偏氟乙烯膜或涂布厚度为10μm-30μm的含氟碳树脂和异氰酸酯固化涂层;其中,氟碳树脂(固含60%)31-40重量份,钛白粉16-20重量份,润湿剂0.1-0.6重量份,稀释剂36-46重量份,消光粉1-4重量份,异氰酸酯2-5重量份。
上述太阳能电池封装背板,所述第二耐候层厚度为3μm-20μm的氟碳树脂、含羟基的丙烯酸聚氨酯树脂与异氰酸酯固化涂层;其中,氟碳树脂(固含60%)22-28重量份,含羟基丙烯酸聚氨酯树脂(固含50%)9-12重量份,钛白粉16-20重量份,润湿剂0.1-0.6重量份,稀释剂36-46重量份,消光粉1-2重量份,异氰酸酯2-5重量份。
上述太阳能电池封装背板,所述异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯三聚体、甲苯二异氰酸酯二聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯二聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯二聚体或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯二聚体的一种或两种以上的混合物。
上述太阳能电池封装背板,所述氟碳树脂选自含羟基或氨基改性的四氟乙烯-乙烯基醚共聚物、四氟乙烯-乙烯基酯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基醚共聚物、三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基酯共聚物、聚氟乙烯(PVF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)或四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA)中的一种或两种以上混合物。
上述太阳能电池封装背板,所述基材层厚度为150μm-300μm的聚酯薄膜;所述聚酯薄膜选择聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)树脂、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)树脂或聚对萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)树脂中的一种。
双面含氟太阳能电池背板为在基材两侧涂覆含氟涂层或一侧用胶复合氟膜,另一侧涂覆含氟涂层。由于含氟层材料的致密性差,双面含氟背板的阻隔性完全由所用基材决定,而聚酯薄膜基材的阻水性与材料厚度有关,只能通过增加基材层厚度提高阻隔性能,然而,随着分布式光伏电站的迅猛发展,组件厂亲睐背板材料轻量化,在不增加基材厚度,甚至减薄基材厚度的情况下提高涂布型背板的阻隔性是行业中的技术难题。
PVDC是一种阻隔性优异聚合物材料,常用的领域为食品包装。然而PVDC的耐热性和粘接性较差,已有文献通过与单体丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酰胺等共聚能改善其热稳定性;通过将偏二氯乙烯(VDC)与乙烯醇(VA)共聚,来改善界面粘接性能,然而,VA的引入增加了表面亲水性,在高湿条件下,使材料的阻隔性下降。
本发明通过选用含环氧基团的单体(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或烯丙基缩水甘油醚中的一种或两种)与VDC在引发剂的作用下通过乳液聚合得到共聚乳液,涂布于聚酯薄膜上形成阻隔层,并在阻隔层上涂覆高耐候的含氟涂层,保证背板的整体耐候性。其中,改性PVDC乳液中的环氧基团能与氟碳涂层中过量的固化剂-NCO基团反应,使得层间的界面粘接牢度得到显著提升。
本发明中的改性PVDC乳液由偏二氯乙烯、含环氧基团的单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或烯丙基缩水甘油醚等中的一种或两种通过乳液聚合而得。其中:偏二氯乙烯单体质量占参与反应总单体的65%-78%,若偏氯乙烯单体的质量百分含量低于65%,所得共聚物的结晶程度下降,不能满足所需要阻隔性能;偏氯乙烯单体含量高于78%,所得阻隔层对聚脂薄膜层的附着牢度不能满足太阳能背板的要求。
本发明中高阻隔涂层的厚度为1μm-20μm,优选3μm-10μm;若阻隔层厚度低于1μm,所得涂布型背板的阻隔性提升不明显,若涂层厚度高于20μm,所得涂布型背板失去成本优势。
本发明中所述太阳能电池封装背板第一耐候层为用胶黏剂复合聚氟乙烯或聚偏氟乙烯膜或涂布厚度10μm-30μm的含氟碳树脂和异氰酸酯固化涂层(氟碳树脂(固含60%)31-40份,钛白粉16-20份,润湿剂0.1-0.6份,稀释剂36-46份,消光粉1-4份,异氰酸酯2-5份)。
本发明中所述太阳能电池封装用背板第二耐候层为厚度3μm-20μm的氟碳树脂、含羟基的聚氨酯丙烯酸树脂与异氰酸酯固化涂层(氟碳树脂(固含60%)22-28份,含羟基丙烯酸聚氨酯树脂9-12份,钛白粉16-20份,润湿剂0.1-0.6份,稀释剂36-46份,消光粉1-2份,异氰酸酯2-5份)。
本发明中所述太阳能电池封装背板基材层为厚度150μm-300μm的聚酯薄膜。所述聚酯薄膜选择聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)树脂、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)树脂或聚对萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)树脂中的一种。
有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明通过选用含特定官能团的共聚单体改善PVDC的耐热性、粘接性,改性PVDC应用于太阳能电池背板,保证背板的高水汽阻隔性、良好的层间附着牢度,同时在阻隔层上增设氟碳涂层保证太阳能电池背板的耐候性。
本发明设计的PVDC阻隔层,涂布3μm即可有效降低背板的水汽透过率。
本发明通过选用含环氧基团的不饱和单体与偏氯乙烯共聚,使PVDC的热稳定性增加的同时显著改善了PVDC的界面粘结性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的太阳能电池背板截面结构示意图。
图中各标号分别表示为:1、第二耐候层,2、阻隔层,3、支撑层,4、第一耐候层。
具体实施方式
下面结合几个实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的实施方式并不限于这几个实施例。
实施例1
改性PVDC乳液1的制备:称取偏氯乙烯单体100g,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯单体28.6g,十二烷基磺酸钠4g,引发剂过硫酸铵0.4g,去离子水适量70g,调节乳液PH为6,在通N2条件下升温至50℃搅拌10h,冷却出料,得到改性PVDC乳液1。
基材层使用厚度为250μm的半透PET。
背板的制作:在PET的一侧涂覆65%改性PVDC乳液1,经90℃干燥2min;得到阻隔层厚度为6μm;在阻隔层上涂覆干厚为3μm的第二耐候层,在PET的另一面涂覆干厚为20μm的第一耐候层,样片经50℃熟化3天后测试性能。
实施例2
改性PVDC乳液2的制备:称取偏氯乙烯单体46g,丙烯酸缩水甘油酯单体13g,十二烷基硫酸钠2g,引发剂过硫酸钾0.4g,去离子水适量140g,调节乳液PH为6,在通N2条件下升温至50℃搅拌10h,冷却出料,得到改性PVDC乳液2。
基材层使用厚度为220μm的半透PET。
背板的制作:在PET的一侧涂覆30%改性PVDC乳液2,经90℃干燥2min;得到阻隔层厚度为1μm;在阻隔层上涂覆干厚为10μm的第二耐候层,在PET的另一面涂覆干厚为16μm的第一耐候层,样片经50℃熟化3天后测试性能。
实施例3
改性PVDC乳液3的制备:称取偏氯乙烯单体79g,烯丙基缩水甘油醚单体31g,十二烷基硫酸钠2g,引发剂过硫酸钾0.6g,去离子水适量90g,调节乳液PH为6,在通N2条件下升温至50℃搅拌10h,冷却出料,得到改性PVDC乳液3。
基材层使用厚度为180μm的半透PET。
背板的制作方法:在PET的一侧涂覆55%改性PVDC乳液3,经90℃干燥2min;得到阻隔层厚度为20μm;在阻隔层上涂覆干厚为20μm的第二耐候层,在PET的另一面涂覆干厚为30μm的第一耐候层,样片经50℃熟化3天后测试性能。
实施例4
改性PVDC乳液4的制备:称取偏氯乙烯单体58.5g,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯单体45.5g,十二烷基硫酸钠4g,引发剂过硫酸钾0.8g,去离子水适量110g,调节乳液PH为6,在通N2条件下升温至50℃搅拌10h,冷却出料,得到改性PVDC乳液4。
基材层使用厚度为300μm的半透PET。
背板的制作方法:在PET的一侧涂覆45%改性PVDC乳液4,经90℃干燥2min;得到阻隔层厚度为6μm;在阻隔层上涂覆干厚为10μm的第二耐候层,在PET的另一面涂覆干厚为10μm的第一耐候层,样片经50℃熟化3天后测试性能。
实施例5
改性PVDC乳液5的制备:称取偏氯乙烯单体70g,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯单体30g,十二烷基硫酸钠3g,引发剂过硫酸钾1.0g,去离子水适量100g,调节乳液PH为6,在通N2条件下升温至50℃搅拌10h,冷却出料,得到改性PVDC乳液5。
基材层使用厚度为150μm的半透PET。
背板的制作方法:在PET的一侧涂覆50%改性PVDC乳液5,经90℃干燥2min;得到阻隔层厚度为6μm;在阻隔层上涂覆干厚为10μm的第二耐候层,在PET的另一面复合聚氟乙烯膜为第一耐候层,样片经50℃熟化3天后测试性能。
对比例1
PVDC乳液6的制备:称取偏氯乙烯单体100g,十二烷基硫酸钠3g,引发剂过硫酸钾1.0g,去离子水适量100g,调节乳液PH为6,在通N2条件下升温至50℃搅拌10h,冷却出料,得到PVDC乳液6。
基材层使用厚度为250μm的半透PET。
背板的制作方法:在PET的一侧涂覆50%PVDC乳液6,经90℃干燥2min;得到阻隔层厚度为6μm;在阻隔层上涂覆干厚为10μm的第二耐候层,在PET的另一面涂覆干厚为20μm的第一耐候层,样片经50℃熟化3天后测试性能。
对比例2
基材层使用厚度为250μm的半透PET。
背板的制作方法:在PET上涂覆干厚为10μm的第二耐候层,在PET的另一面复合聚氟乙烯膜为第一耐候层,样片经50℃熟化3天后测试性能。
测试结果对比表:
测试标准:
1、阻隔性测试
依据标准ASTM F1249-06,38℃,90%RH条件下进行测试;
2、附着力测试
依据标准GB/T 9286-1998进行测试。
Claims (10)
1.一种PVDC乳液,其特征在于,所述PVDC乳液由下述重量份数的组分制成:偏二氯乙烯单体23-50份,改性单体7-23份,引发剂0.2-0.5份,乳化剂1-2份,分散剂33.8-67.5,PH调节剂0.001-0.02份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVDC乳液,其特征在于,所述改性单体为含环氧基团的单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或烯丙基缩水甘油醚中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PVDC乳液,其特征在于,所述引发剂为过硫酸钾,过硫酸铵或叔丁基过氧化氢中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的PVDC乳液,其特征在于,所述乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十五烷基硫酸钠,十八烷基硫酸钠,十二烷基苯磺酸钠,十五烷基苯磺酸钠,十八烷基苯磺酸钠,十二烷基羧酸钾中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的PVDC乳液,其特征在于,所述分散剂为去离子水;所述PH调节剂为乙二胺四乙酸盐。
6.一种太阳能电池封装背板,包括依次排列的第一耐候层、基材层、高阻隔层和第二耐候层,其特征在于,所述高阻隔层由权利要求1-5中任一项所述的PVDC乳液涂覆而制成,所述PVDC乳液的固含量为30%-65%,优选50%-60%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的太阳能电池封装背板,其特征在于,所述高阻隔涂层的厚度为1μm-20μm;所述阻隔层在线涂布或在聚酯薄膜成品上二次过机涂布。
8.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能电池封装背板,其特征在于,所述第一耐候层为用胶黏剂复合聚氟乙烯膜或聚偏氟乙烯膜或涂布10μm-30μm的含氟碳树脂和异氰酸酯固化涂层;所述第二耐候层厚度为3μm-20μm的氟碳树脂、含羟基的丙烯酸聚氨酯树脂与异氰酸酯固化涂层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池封装背板,其特征在于,所述基材层厚度为150μm-300μm的聚酯薄膜;所述聚酯薄膜选择聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)树脂、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)树脂或聚对萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)树脂中的一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池封装背板,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯三聚体、甲苯二异氰酸酯二聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯二聚体、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯二聚体或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯二聚体的一种或两种以上的混合物;
所述氟碳树脂选自含羟基或氨基改性的四氟乙烯-乙烯基醚共聚物、四氟乙烯-乙烯基酯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基醚共聚物、三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基酯共聚物、聚氟乙烯(PVF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)或四氟乙烯-全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物(PFA)中的一种或两种以上混合物。
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