CN110432227B - Cock selecting and remaining method with high feather maturity in marketing - Google Patents
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- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 372
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 107
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 206010019049 Hair texture abnormal Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 241000288049 Perdix perdix Species 0.000 description 17
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 241000286209 Phasianidae Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000035617 depilation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for selecting and remaining a cock with high feather maturity on sale, which can improve the feather maturity of a fast-feather pure-line cock on sale by positively selecting the main wing feather length, the main wing covered feather length, the feather length average value or the feather speed difference, and can improve the feather maturity of a slow-feather pure-line cock on sale by reversely selecting the main wing feather length, the main wing covered feather length, the feather length average value or the feather speed difference, thereby reducing the feeding amount of the fast-feather pure-line cock or the slow-feather pure-line cock and reducing the breeding cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry selecting and remaining, in particular to a cock selecting and remaining method with high feather maturity in the marketing process.
Background
With the improvement of living standard of people, high-quality broiler chickens are more and more favored by consumers. When broilers come into the market, the growth and development conditions of feathers directly influence the appearance of carcasses after slaughter, particularly for dark feather varieties such as Qingyuan partridge chickens, if the feathers are immature during slaughter, namely, the feathers are not dried, hair follicles can leave black spots on skin after depilation, and the quality of the broilers is influenced. Therefore, feather maturity is one of the important factors affecting the quality and sale quantity of the broilers.
The fast and slow feather of the chicken is a pair of sex-linked genetic traits and is used for self-sexing of the newborn chicks in the commercial generation, namely, the slow feather in the commercial generation is a cock and the fast feather is a hen by mating the slow-feather pure line hen with the fast-feather pure line cock. The length of the main wing feather and the length of the main wing covering feather when the chicks are hatched are important parameters for judging the fast and slow feather of the chicks. Wherein, the fast-feather chicks show that the main wing feather is longer than the main wing covering feather, and the difference value exceeds 2 mm; and the slow-feather chicks show that the main wing feather is longer than the main wing-covered feather, but the difference value is less than 2mm, or the main wing feather is shorter than the main wing-covered feather, or the main wing feather and the main wing-covered feather are equal in length, or the main wing feather and the main wing-covered feather are absent.
In the breeding practice, the selection and retention method can measure the feather dry hair condition of the broiler chickens at the time of the day of the market for selection and retention of the feather maturity of the broiler chickens at the time of the day of the market, so that individuals with high feather maturity at the time of the day of the market are directly selected and retained. However, the selection and retention method needs to raise more slow-feather pure lines or fast-feather pure lines, and the breeding cost is higher. The invention provides a substitution scheme for early selection and retention by effectively utilizing feather parameters of broiler breeders, so that the feeding amount of slow-feather pure line cocks or fast-feather pure line cocks is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for selecting and reserving cocks with high feather maturity on sale, which is used for early selecting and reserving main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length and other related feather parameters of broiler breeds, so that the feeding amount of fast-feather pure-line cocks or slow-feather pure-line cocks is reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a cock selecting and remaining method with high feather maturity in the market comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting reserve breeder cocks:
weak seedlings are eliminated when hatching eggs of the pure-line broiler chickens, male and female identification is carried out by turning the anus, healthy broiler chickens are selected as post-breed male chickens, and the broiler chickens are classified and numbered according to fast-feather male seedling groups and slow-feather male seedling groups;
step 2, feather parameter determination:
measuring and calculating the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length of each broiler cock by using a vernier caliper, wherein the main wing feather length is the average value of the lengths of the third and fourth main wing feathers counted from the wing tip, and the main wing covering feather length is the average value of the lengths of the third and fourth main wing covering feathers counted from the wing tip;
step 3, calculating a feather length mean value and a feather speed difference:
calculating a feather length mean value and a feather speed difference according to the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length of each broiler cock, which are obtained by calculation in the step 2, wherein the feather length mean value is the mean value of the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length corresponding to each broiler cock, and the feather speed difference is the absolute value of the difference between the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length corresponding to each broiler cock;
step 4, determining a selecting and reserving standard:
sorting the collected data of main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, feather length mean value and feather speed difference of each broiler cock, and determining the selection and retention standards of each feather parameter in the fast-feather cock group and the slow-feather cock group by combining the number of the reserved breeding cocks to be selected and retained;
step 5, selecting and reserving reserved breeder cocks:
selecting broiler breeders with main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, mean feather length or feather speed difference respectively larger than corresponding feather parameters of the fast feather breeder group and high feather maturity when the broiler breeders grow to the market, and selecting broiler breeders with main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, mean feather length or feather speed difference respectively smaller than corresponding feather parameters of the slow feather breeder group and high feather maturity when the broiler breeders grow to the market.
In step 4, the selection and retention standards of each feather parameter in the fast-feather male seedling group and the slow-feather male seedling group are respectively the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the mean feather length or the mean feather speed difference.
Step 5, aiming at the fast feather male seedling group, selecting and reserving standard broiler male seedlings with main wing feather length larger than that of the fast feather male seedling group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler male seedlings when the broiler male seedlings grow to the market is high; or selecting a standard broiler cock seedling with main wing covering feather length larger than that of the fast feather cock seedling group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler cock seedling is high when the broiler cock seedling grows to the market; or selecting a broiler breeder stock with the feather length mean value larger than that of the fast feather breeder stock group and remaining the standard, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler breeder stock is high when the broiler breeder stock grows to the market.
Step 5, aiming at the slow feather male seedling group, selecting and reserving a standard broiler male seedling with main wing covering feather length smaller than that of the slow feather male seedling group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler male seedling is high when the broiler male seedling grows to the market; or selecting a standard broiler breeder stock with the feather length average value smaller than that of the slow feather breeder stock group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler breeder stock is high when the broiler breeder stock grows to be on the market.
In the step 1, the broiler breeds are high-quality broiler breeds with dark feather.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the method for selecting and retaining the cock with high feather maturity on sale selects the broiler breeds with the main wing feather length, the main wing covered feather length, the mean feather length or the difference of the feather speed which are respectively greater than the selection standard of the corresponding feather parameters of the fast feather cock group, namely, the feather maturity of the fast feather pure line cock on sale can be improved by forward selection of the main wing feather length, the main wing covered feather length, the mean feather length or the difference of the feather speed of the broiler breeds, and the maturity of the slow feather pure line cock on sale can be improved by reverse selection of the main wing feather length, the main wing covered feather length, the mean feather length or the difference of the feather speed which are respectively less than the selection standard of the corresponding feather parameters of the slow feather cock group, namely, the feather length, the main wing covered feather length, the mean feather length or the difference of the feather speed of the broiler breeds can be improved, so that the amount of the fast feather pure line cock or the slow feather pure line cock on sale is reduced, the breeding cost is reduced.
Preferably, the selection and retention criteria of each feather parameter can be generally set as the average value thereof, and the selection and retention criteria of each feather parameter can be set as a certain value higher than the average value thereof or lower than the average value thereof according to the number of reserve breeding cocks which are selected and retained according to actual needs.
Preferably, according to the method for selecting and leaving the cocks with high feather maturity on sale, the feather maturity of the fast feather pure line cocks on sale can be improved by positively selecting the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length or the mean feather length of the broiler breeds, and the feather maturity of the slow feather pure line cocks on sale can be improved by reversely selecting the main wing feather length covering feather length or the mean feather length of the broiler breeds.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
Examples
A cock selecting and remaining method with high feather maturity in the market comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting reserve breeder cocks:
eliminating weak seedlings when hatching eggs of the Qingyuan partridges, turning the anus to identify male and female, selecting 160 healthy Qingyuan partridges of 1 day old as later-prepared male chickens, and classifying and numbering the Qingyuan partridges according to fast-feather male vaccine groups and slow-feather male vaccine groups, wherein the number of the fast-feather Qingyuan partridges is 80, and the number of the slow-feather Qingyuan partridges is 80;
step 2, feather parameter determination:
measuring and calculating the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length of each Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken male seedling by using a vernier caliper, wherein the main wing feather length is the average value of the lengths of the third and fourth main wing feathers counted from the wing tip of the Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken male seedling, and the main wing covering feather length is the average value of the lengths of the third and fourth main wing covering feathers counted from the wing tip of the Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken male seedling;
step 3, calculating a feather length mean value and a feather speed difference:
calculating a feather length mean value and a feather speed difference according to the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length of each Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken cock fry obtained by calculation in the step 2, wherein the feather length mean value of each Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken fry is the average value of the corresponding main wing feather length and main wing covering feather length, and the feather speed difference of each Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken fry is the absolute value of the difference between the corresponding main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length, namely:
mean feather length (main wing feather length + main wing-covered feather length)/2
The feather speed difference is | main wing feather length-main wing covering feather length |;
step 4, determining a selecting and reserving standard:
sorting the collected data of main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, feather length mean value and feather speed difference of each Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken cock fry according to the size respectively, and determining the selection and retention standard of each feather parameter in a fast feather cock fry group and a slow feather cock fry group by combining the number of later-bred cocks of the Qingyuan spotted-brown chickens to be selected and retained;
step 5, selecting and reserving reserved breeder cocks:
aiming at a fast-feather male-seedling group, selecting a fast-feather Qingyuan pockmark male-seedling with main-wing feather length, main-wing-covered feather length, feather length mean value or feather speed difference respectively larger than the mean value of the feather parameters corresponding to the fast-feather male-seedling group, wherein the feather maturity of the fast-feather qingyuan pockmark male-seedling when the fast-feather male-seedling group grows to the market is high, and aiming at a slow-feather male-seedling group, selecting a slow-feather Qingyuan pockmark male-seedling with main-wing feather length, main-wing-covered feather length, feather length mean value or feather speed difference respectively smaller than the mean value of the feather parameters corresponding to the slow-feather male-seedling group, and wherein the feather maturity of the fast-feather pockmark.
The effectiveness of the selective retention method of the present invention is further illustrated by experimental design below.
1. Feeding mode
160 healthy 1-day-old Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken breeders selected in the embodiment are bred according to the chicken breeding standard (NY/T33-2004) of the agricultural industry standard of the people's republic of China, and the breeder chicken breeders eat and drink water freely and are naturally illuminated.
2. Collecting feather parameters of chicks
And collecting data of main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, feather length mean value and feather speed difference of each Qingyuan spotted-brown chicken male fry.
3. Determining feather maturity of each Qingyuan partridge in the market age
The dry hair rate of the wings and the dry hair rate of the back of each grown Qingyuan partridge chicken are measured at the age of 110 days, namely the market-selling age, and used as an index of the feather maturity. Wherein, the dry hair of the wing is the number of the dry hair of the main wing feather of the left wing. The method for measuring the dry hair rate of the back comprises the following steps: taking the diameter of the back of the Qingyuan partridge chicken in a 5cm circular ring, wherein the dry hair accounts for the percentage of the total hair in the range, namely the dry hair rate of the back is the dry hair number/the total hair number of 100%.
4. Statistical analysis of data
And (3) calculating and analyzing the feather parameters and the correlation coefficients of the feather maturity indexes of the fast-feather male seedling group and the slow-feather male seedling group respectively by utilizing a CORR program of an SAS 9.2 system.
Aiming at the fast-feather male-seedling group, marking the fast-feather Qingyuan pockmark seedlings with main-wing feather length, main-wing-covering feather length, feather length mean value or feather speed difference respectively larger than the mean value of the feather parameters corresponding to the fast-feather male-seedling group as group A, and marking the fast-feather Qingyuan pockmark seedlings with main-wing feather length, main-wing-covering feather length, feather length mean value or feather speed difference respectively smaller than the mean value of the feather parameters corresponding to the fast-feather male-seedling group as group B; and similarly aiming at the slow-feather male seedling group, the slow-feather Qingyuan pockmark male seedlings of which the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the feather length mean value or the feather speed difference are respectively greater than the mean value of the feather parameters corresponding to the slow-feather male seedling group are marked as an A group, the slow-feather Qingyuan pockmark male seedlings of which the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the feather length mean value or the feather speed difference are respectively less than the mean value of the feather parameters corresponding to the slow-feather male seedling group are marked as a B group, and the association between the feather parameters and the feather maturity index of the Qingyuan pockmark male seedlings is calculated and analyzed by utilizing a GLM program of an SAS 9.2 system.
5. Results and conclusions
Firstly, analysis results of feather parameters and feather maturity of slow-feather Qingyuan partridge cocktails
The results of correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of slow-feathered qingyuan partridge chickens are shown in table 1. As can be seen from the correlation coefficients obtained in Table 1, the feather parameters of the slow-feathered Qingyuan partridge chicken fries are in negative correlation with the dry hair rate of the back and the dry hair of the wings respectively, wherein the mean values of the main wing-covered feather length and the feather length are in significant negative correlation with the dry hair value of the wings respectively (P < 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that: the feather maturity of slow-feather pure-line cocks on the market can be improved by reversely selecting the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the feather length average value or the feather speed difference of the broiler breeders, particularly the main wing covering feather length or the feather length average value.
TABLE 1 correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of slow-feathered Qingyuan partridge chickens' breeds
② analysis results of feather parameters and feather maturity of fast-feather Qingyuan partridge cockling
The results of correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of fast-feathered qingyuan partridge chickens are shown in table 2. As can be seen from the correlation coefficients obtained in Table 2, the feather parameters of the fast-feathering Qingyuan chicken breeders are positively correlated with the dry hair rate of the back and the dry hair of the wings respectively, wherein the main wing feather length is significantly positively correlated with the dry hair of the wings (P <0.05), and the main wing-covering feather length and the mean feather length are significantly positively correlated with the dry hair of the wings respectively (P < 0.01). Thus, it can be concluded that: the feather maturity of fast-feather pure-line cocks on the market can be improved by positively selecting the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the feather length average value or the feather speed difference of the broiler breeder seedlings, particularly the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length or the feather length average value.
TABLE 2 correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of fast-feathered Qingyuan partridge cocks
Thirdly, the correlation analysis of the feather parameters and the feather maturity of the slow-feather Qingyuan partridge cocktails
TABLE 3 correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of slow-feathered Qingyuan partridge chickens' breeds
Note: data in the table are presented as mean ± sd, and data in the same column with capital letters indicates very significant differences (P < 0.01).
The results of the correlation analysis of the feather parameters and the feather maturity of the slow-feathered Qingyuan partridge chickens are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from the data obtained in table 3, for the slow-feathered male shoot population, both the dry back hair rate and wing hair rate were higher for each group B than for the corresponding group a, where the dry back hair rate was significantly higher for group B than for group a (P <0.01) corresponding to the feather parameter of main wing-length. The following results can be obtained from the data in table 3: the feather maturity is high when the young chicken is on the market, wherein the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the mean feather length value or the feather speed difference are respectively smaller than the mean value of the feather parameters corresponding to the slow feather young chicken group, and particularly the young chicken with the main wing covering feather length smaller than the mean value.
Thus, it can be concluded that: the feather maturity of slow-feather pure-line cocks on the market can be improved by reversely selecting the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the average feather length or the feather speed difference of the broiler breeders, particularly the main wing covering feather length.
Correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of fast-feather Qingyuan partridge cockling
TABLE 4 correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of fast-feathered Qingyuan partridge cocks
Note: data in the table are presented as mean ± standard deviation, with data in the same column with shoulder marks in lower case letters indicating significant difference (P <0.05), and data in the same column with shoulder marks in upper case letters indicating significant difference (P < 0.01).
The results of correlation analysis of feather parameters and feather maturity of fast-feathered qingyuan partridge chickens are shown in table 4. As can be seen from the data obtained in table 4, for the fast-feathering male-shoot population, both the dry back hair rate and the dry wing hair were higher for each group a than for the corresponding group B, where the dry wing hair for group a was significantly higher than for group B for the feather parameter of main wing feathering (P < 0.05); the wing dry hairs were significantly higher for each group a than for group B (P <0.01) for the dominant-wing-covered feather length and the mean feather length. From the data in table 4, the following results can be obtained: the feather maturity is high when the young chicken is on the market, wherein the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the feather length mean value or the feather speed difference are respectively larger than the average value of the feather parameters corresponding to the fast feather young chicken group, and particularly the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length or the feather length mean value is larger than the average value of the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length or the feather length mean value.
Thus, it can be concluded that: the feather maturity of fast-feather pure-line cocks on the market can be improved by positively selecting the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the feather length average value or the feather speed difference of the broiler breeder seedlings, particularly the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length or the feather length average value.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the form and style of the present invention, and any suitable changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for selecting and remaining cock with high feather maturity in the market is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting reserve breeder cocks:
weak seedlings are eliminated when hatching eggs of the pure-line broiler chickens, male and female identification is carried out by turning the anus, healthy broiler chickens are selected as post-breed male chickens, and the broiler chickens are classified and numbered according to fast-feather male seedling groups and slow-feather male seedling groups;
step 2, feather parameter determination:
measuring and calculating the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length of each broiler cock by using a vernier caliper, wherein the main wing feather length is the average value of the lengths of the third and fourth main wing feathers counted from the wing tip, and the main wing covering feather length is the average value of the lengths of the third and fourth main wing covering feathers counted from the wing tip;
step 3, calculating a feather length mean value and a feather speed difference:
calculating a feather length mean value and a feather speed difference according to the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length of each broiler cock, which are obtained by calculation in the step 2, wherein the feather length mean value is the mean value of the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length corresponding to each broiler cock, and the feather speed difference is the absolute value of the difference between the main wing feather length and the main wing covering feather length corresponding to each broiler cock;
step 4, determining a selecting and reserving standard:
sorting the collected data of main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, feather length mean value and feather speed difference of each broiler cock, and determining the selection and retention standards of each feather parameter in the fast-feather cock group and the slow-feather cock group by combining the number of the reserved breeding cocks to be selected and retained;
step 5, selecting and reserving reserved breeder cocks:
selecting broiler breeders with main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, mean feather length or feather speed difference larger than corresponding feather parameters of the fast feather breeder group and high feather maturity when the broiler breeders grow to the market, and selecting broiler breeders with main wing feather length, main wing covering feather length, mean feather length or feather speed difference smaller than corresponding feather parameters of the slow feather breeder group and high feather maturity when the broiler breeders grow to the market.
2. The method for selecting and keeping cock with high feather maturity as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 4, the selection and retention standards of each feather parameter in the fast-feather male seedling group and the slow-feather male seedling group are respectively the main wing feather length, the main wing covering feather length, the mean feather length or the mean feather speed difference.
3. The method for selecting and keeping cock with high feather maturity as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step 5, aiming at the fast feather male seedling group, selecting and reserving standard broiler male seedlings with main wing feather length larger than that of the fast feather male seedling group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler male seedlings when the broiler male seedlings grow to the market is high; or selecting a standard broiler cock seedling with main wing covering feather length larger than that of the fast feather cock seedling group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler cock seedling is high when the broiler cock seedling grows to the market; or selecting a broiler breeder stock with the feather length mean value larger than that of the fast feather breeder stock group and remaining the standard, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler breeder stock is high when the broiler breeder stock grows to the market.
4. The method for selecting and keeping cock with high feather maturity as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step 5, aiming at the slow feather male seedling group, selecting and reserving a standard broiler male seedling with main wing covering feather length smaller than that of the slow feather male seedling group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler male seedling is high when the broiler male seedling grows to the market; or selecting a standard broiler breeder stock with the feather length average value smaller than that of the slow feather breeder stock group, wherein the feather maturity of the broiler breeder stock is high when the broiler breeder stock grows to be on the market.
5. The method for selecting and keeping cock with high feather maturity according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the broiler breeds are high-quality broiler breeds with dark feather.
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