CN110425009B

CN110425009B - Metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system and power generation method

Info

Publication number: CN110425009B
Application number: CN201910618392.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贾鹏
Original assignee: Shanghai Covapor Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Covapor Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-07-10
Filing date: 2019-07-10
Publication date: 2020-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-10
Also published as: CN110425009A

Abstract

The invention relates to a metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system and a power generation method. The cylinder includes upper end cover, bottom end cover and cylinder body, and the cylinder body is equipped with hydrogen import and hydrogen export, and the electricity generation coil group is gone up in the outside winding of cylinder body and is issued the electricity coil group. The upper piston and the lower piston in the cylinder body divide the cylinder body into an upper hydrogen cavity, a middle hydrogen cavity and a lower hydrogen cavity which are telescopic. The upper part of the upper hydrogen chamber and the lower part of the lower hydrogen chamber are provided with grids, and the upper part or the lower part of the grids is provided with metal hydride. An upper hydrogen outlet of the upper end cover is connected to a lower hydrogen inlet of the lower end cover, and a lower hydrogen outlet of the lower end cover is connected to an upper hydrogen inlet of the upper end cover. The invention takes hydrogen as working medium, drives the upper piston and the lower piston to move up and down by utilizing the hydrogen absorption and desorption function of metal hydride, leads the power generation coil group wound outside the cylinder body to generate induction power generation, and is beneficial to energy conservation and emission reduction and creation of economic benefit.

Description

Metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system and power generation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of energy, and relates to a metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system and a power generation method.

Background

The nature is full of unlimited normal temperature energy sources, air, seawater and other unlimited normal temperature energy sources, and the energy source has development potential. Most of the energy on the earth comes from the sun, and nowadays, the energy is increasingly scarce, and new renewable green clean power generation technology is increasingly paid attention. In the existing new energy, the application of the water energy and wind energy power generation technology is common, and the technology is mature. The hydropower development potential is not large, the wind power is too dispersed, the hydropower development potential is only useful in certain specific areas, and the hydropower and wind power generation device has large investment and wide floor area. Air energy gradually enters the visual field of people, and the air energy water heater is also commonly applied at present, and the principle is that heat energy in the air is utilized to heat water through a heat pump. However, the technology of generating electricity by utilizing air energy is very few, the technology is not mature enough, and the popularization and the application are difficult.

The Chinese utility model patent with the publication number of CN202055876U and publication date of 2011, 11, and 30 discloses a new energy solar thermal supercritical low-temperature air energy power generation device. The system comprises a heat absorber, an expansion generator set, a heat regenerator, a cooler, a booster pump, a refrigerator, pipeline accessories thereof and a detection and control device, wherein nitrogen or mixed working medium is filled in a closed system. The working medium becomes high-pressure supercritical fluid through the heat absorber, becomes critical state working medium through the power generation of the expansion generator set, is condensed through the heat regenerator and the cooler, is pressed into the heat regenerator by the booster pump for heat exchange, and then enters the heat absorber for heat absorption to form a closed cycle power generation system. It can also be used for generating electricity by using waste heat, geothermal energy and other medium and low temperature heat sources, and the working medium is carbon dioxide or a mixed working medium. The utility model discloses a can change the air into and promote generating set pivoted kinetic energy, but need the power consumption because of the cooler condensation, its system energy conversion rate step-down, the generator generated energy is less, and actual spreading value is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system, which takes hydrogen as a circulating working medium, utilizes the pressure difference generated by the hydrogen absorption/hydrogen release characteristics of metal hydride to push a piston to move up and down, enables a power generation coil wound outside a cylinder body to generate induction power generation, fully utilizes natural energy, is beneficial to energy conservation and emission reduction and creates economic benefits. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for generating electricity from metal hydride hydrogen.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system comprises at least one air cylinder, a voltage stabilization integration module, an electric power external supply module and a storage battery pack, wherein the voltage stabilization integration module is in circuit connection with the electric power external supply module and the storage battery pack, and the electric power external supply module is connected to an external power grid. The cylinder includes upper end cover, lower extreme cover and cylinder body, and the cylinder body is equipped with hydrogen import and hydrogen export, and power generation coil group and lower power generation coil group are twined to the outside of cylinder body, go up power generation coil group and lower power generation coil group circuit connection to steady voltage integration module. An upper piston and a lower piston of a permanent magnet structure are arranged in the cylinder body, and the upper piston and the lower piston divide the cylinder body into a telescopic upper hydrogen cavity. A middle hydrogen chamber and a lower hydrogen chamber. The upper part of the upper hydrogen cavity is provided with a grid, the upper part of the grid is provided with metal hydride, the lower part of the lower hydrogen cavity is provided with a grid, and the lower part of the grid is provided with metal hydride. The upper end cover is provided with an upper hydrogen inlet and an upper hydrogen outlet, and the lower end cover is provided with a lower hydrogen outlet and a lower hydrogen inlet. The upper hydrogen outlet is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the lower hydrogen inlet through a hydrogen circulating pump B and a turbocharger, and the lower hydrogen outlet is connected to the upper hydrogen inlet through the turbocharger; the other path is connected to a lower hydrogen inlet through an A hydrogen circulating pump and a turbocharger, and a lower hydrogen outlet is connected to an upper hydrogen inlet through the turbocharger.

The system is provided with a hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover which is provided with a combustible gas alarm and an atmospheric pressure stabilizing tank. The hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover is additionally provided with an internal heat preservation or/and an external heat preservation, the equipment is additionally provided with an external heat preservation or an interlayer heat preservation, and the pipeline is additionally provided with an internal heat preservation or an external heat preservation or an internal and external heat preservation. The atmosphere surge tank is equipped with piston and piston under the atmosphere surge tank on the atmosphere surge tank, is the atmosphere surge tank nitrogen gas chamber in the middle of piston and the atmosphere surge tank under the atmosphere surge tank on the atmosphere surge tank, adds nitrogen gas in the atmosphere surge tank nitrogen gas chamber and also can be replaced by other inerts or stable gas, adds hydrogen in the hydrogen surge cover and also can be replaced by other inerts or stable gas. Once hydrogen leaks from the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation system, the hydrogen energy power generation system can be monitored by a combustible gas alarm, so that the shutdown maintenance is facilitated, and the safety is ensured. The atmospheric pressure stabilizing tank can be arranged at any position of the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover, and has the function of ensuring that the pressure in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover is the same as the atmospheric pressure and effectively isolated from the atmospheric environment through nitrogen. The inside working gas regulator of hydrogen steady voltage cover peripheral hardware keeps the hydrogen steady voltage cover in the constancy of temperature, can be with daytime heat storage, emit the heat when the temperature is low night, if daytime heat storage is not enough, can utilize self electricity heat production. In addition, when the season changes, the metal hydride matched with the outdoor temperature can be replaced according to different outdoor temperatures, and the replacement of the metal hydride can adopt an online non-stop propulsion replacement mode, namely, another metal hydride is injected from a new metal hydride injection port, and the original metal hydride is drawn out from an old metal hydride extraction port in a propulsion mode.

The lateral wall of cylinder body is equipped with piston position detection hole, and the outside in piston position detection hole is equipped with transparent end cap. An infrared detector is arranged outside the cylinder body, and a probe of the infrared detector is aligned with the position of the piston position detection hole. The system is provided with a central controller, and the central controller is connected with a voltage stabilization integration module, an electric power external supply module, a storage battery pack, an A hydrogen circulating pump, a B hydrogen circulating pump, an infrared detector and various valves in a control manner. The cable and the metal hydride regenerator connected with the device are strictly sealed with the connecting pipelines of the new metal hydride injection inlet and the old metal hydride extraction outlet, so that no leakage of hydrogen is ensured. An inner cylinder sleeve is arranged in the cylinder body of the cylinder, and a cushion pad is arranged between the inner cylinder sleeve and the grid. The metal hydride on the upper part of the cylinder and the metal hydride on the lower part of the cylinder are respectively provided with a new metal hydride injection port and an old metal hydride extraction port.

The metal hydride includes but is not limited to rare earth metal hydride, and can be a mixture of a plurality of substances, the metal hydride should be at least 1 time equivalent (1 time equivalent refers to the minimum amount of metal hydride required by a single hydrogen absorption saturation of the metal hydride in the whole process cycle), but can also be multiple equivalents to increase the hydrogen absorption and desorption speed. Allowing the metal hydride and/or the circulating medium including but not limited to hydrogen to add solid, liquid, gaseous substances, acting as a catalyst, thereby steadily increasing the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate, or increasing the percentage of hydrogen absorption or desorption of the metal hydride, or changing the P-C-T curve of the metal hydride. Different metal hydrides are adopted as the metal hydrides on the upper part and the lower part of the cylinder. The metal hydride can be a compact accumulated particle layer and also can be an accumulated particle layer with a certain porosity, so that a fluidized layer with a certain degree is formed by utilizing heat exchange hydrogen, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

When the metal hydride absorbs and releases hydrogen, hydrogen directly enters the metal hydride for heat exchange, the flowing heat carrier of the hydrogen is used for heat exchange, and a heat-exchanging coil pipe can also be arranged in the metal hydride for wall heat exchange. The reciprocating times per minute of the piston can be set arbitrarily according to the stroke number, the process number, the sizes of the piston and the cylinder and the equivalent of the metal hydride, thereby ensuring effective lubrication and strict sealing between the piston and the cylinder. The grid allows for efficient passage of gas while not allowing metal hydride to scatter into the cylinder. The position of the cylinder can be set arbitrarily, including but not limited to horizontal, vertical, and any angle. A plurality of cylinders can be combined together, and the position, the mode and the angle of the combination can be selected at will. The whole system allows heat to be taken from the environment and also allows heat to be dissipated to the environment, so that heat matching during heat exchange is met. The heat exchange of the metal hydride can adopt direct heat exchange or partition wall heat exchange, and the heat exchange medium can be gas including hydrogen, liquid or solid, or the combination of any two or three of gas, liquid and solid. The upper piston and the lower piston are allowed to be made of light materials including but not limited to aluminum, so that the mass of the piston is reduced, and the permanent magnet is allowed to be wrapped on the light materials or wrapped by the light materials.

The cylinder adopts upper and lower double negative pressure sources, does not exclude more than two negative pressure sources, and the working machine can be various when the number of the negative pressure sources is determined, including but not limited to piston machines and rotating machines, including all machines which work by adopting the similar principle. When the piston machine is adopted, the piston machine not only comprises a three-process working mode, but also comprises a multi-process working mode which exceeds three processes. The metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system can be installed in the atmospheric environment, and also can be installed in other media which are communicated or not communicated with the atmosphere, such as ocean and underground water, and the working hydrogen pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover can be obtained, so that the working capacity higher than that of the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system installed in the atmospheric environment can be obtained. The upper and lower metal hydrides of each cylinder are provided with a new metal hydride injection port and an old metal hydride extraction port. The metal hydride has service life for the times of hydrogen absorption and desorption, the time and efficiency of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the fresh metal hydride are reduced along with the increase of the times of hydrogen absorption and desorption, the metal hydride needs to be updated regularly, and the efficient operation of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the metal hydride is ensured. The replacement of the new and old metal hydrides adopts an online non-stop push replacement mode, namely, the fresh metal hydride is injected from a new metal hydride injection port, and the old metal hydride is extracted from an old metal hydride extraction port in a push mode. The extracted old metal hydride can be regenerated in a regenerator in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover or outside the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover, and the treated new metal hydride is injected into a new metal hydride injection port at a certain time window. The metal hydride should be at least 1 equivalent (1 equivalent refers to the minimum amount of metal hydride required for a single saturation of hydrogen absorption of the metal hydride over a complete process cycle), or the equivalent can be increased by multiple times to increase the rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption. The metal hydrides above and below the cylinder are metal hydrides with the hydrogen absorption saturation of 0-100%. When the metal hydride with multiple equivalent is adopted, the hydrogen absorption and desorption speed is high, the piston operation period is reserved with fixed hydrogen absorption and desorption time, the hydrogen absorption and desorption can be excessive, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption amount is accurately controlled by controlling the heat transfer speed of the hydrogen absorption and desorption and the temperature of the metal hydride.

The method for generating electricity by using hydrogen energy of metal hydride comprises 3 working procedures, and the process is as follows:

the hydrogen inlet valve is opened, hydrogen under atmospheric pressure enters the middle hydrogen cavity of the cylinder from the lower left hydrogen inlet of the cylinder, the upper piston is pushed to move upwards under the action of atmospheric pressure, the hydrogen in the upper hydrogen cavity is negative pressure, the hydrogen pressure in the upper hydrogen cavity is gradually increased along with the continuous upward movement of the upper piston, the atmospheric pressure is increased, the upper hydrogen inlet and the upper hydrogen outlet are opened at the moment, the upper metal hydride starts to absorb hydrogen and emit heat, and the hydrogen is completely absorbed by the upper metal hydride until the upper metal hydride. The heat released in the hydrogen absorption process is removed by the A hydrogen circulating pump.

The process 2 is characterized in that a valve on a hydrogen inlet of the cylinder is closed, a valve on a hydrogen outlet is opened, a lower hydrogen inlet and outlet valve is opened, lower metal hydride is heated at a certain temperature to release hydrogen, hydrogen with certain pressure is generated, a lower piston is pushed to move upwards, and the hydrogen in the middle hydrogen cavity is discharged from a hydrogen outlet on the upper right side of the cylinder until the hydrogen is completely discharged.

And step 3, closing a hydrogen outlet valve of the cylinder, enabling the lower metal hydride to absorb hydrogen, enabling the upper piston and the lower piston to move downwards simultaneously, enabling the upper metal hydride to release hydrogen when the pressure of the upper hydrogen cavity is changed into the designed negative pressure, enabling the lower metal hydride to absorb hydrogen and the upper metal hydride to release hydrogen at the same time until the hydrogen absorption of the lower metal hydride is finished and the hydrogen release of the upper metal hydride is finished.

The working procedures 1-3 are circularly repeated, and the upper metal hydride and the lower metal hydride of any two cylinders can be communicated by switching the on-off operation of the valve, so that the heat of the metal hydride in the cylinders for absorbing hydrogen and releasing heat and the heat of the metal hydride for releasing hydrogen and absorbing heat are matched with each other. The outlets of the hydrogen circulating pump A and the hydrogen circulating pump B are respectively provided with a turbocharger, and the heat exchange hydrogen entering the cylinder is matched with the pressure required by the metal hydride by the pressure energy of an effective recovery system of the turbochargers.

The metal hydrogen storage material is used for absorbing hydrogen to form negative pressure, an atmospheric pressure environment (gravitational field) is introduced to push the piston to do work, and meanwhile, the difference of the hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of different metal hydrogen storage materials due to the temperature influence change characteristics is utilized, so that the different metal hydrogen storage materials form reasonable matching among the hydrogen absorption/desorption temperature, pressure, heat absorption quantity and heat release quantity, the hydrogen absorption/desorption circulation operation of the metal hydrogen storage materials is completed, and the power generation and the work doing are realized by utilizing different metal hydrogen storage materials, environmental pressure and environmental heat. The hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of the upper metal hydrogen storage material is less influenced by the temperature, the hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of the lower metal hydrogen storage material is more influenced by the temperature, and pressure difference is formed on two sides of the piston by utilizing the alternate hydrogen absorption and desorption action of metal hydrides at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder to drive the upper piston and the lower piston of the permanent magnet structure to move up and down to cut magnetic lines of force, so that a power generation coil wound outside the cylinder body generates current to generate power. At least one gravitational field, two negative pressure sources and four negative pressure states form a work cycle. The gravitational field creates an environment of relatively high pressure including, but not limited to, atmospheric ambient pressure and water pressure. Negative pressure sources refer to substances, devices and processes that can create a relatively low pressure with respect to ambient pressure. The negative pressure state is also a relatively low pressure state with respect to the ambient pressure. The metal hydride includes but is not limited to nano-scale particles, the specific surface area is extremely large, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption speed of the metal hydride is greatly improved, so that the requirement of the metal hydride in the cylinder on hydrogen absorption and desorption can be met.

The piston operation comprises 3 working procedures, and the process is as follows:

(1) in the step 1, the upper piston moves upwards under the action of initial thrust, the piston is pushed to accelerate by the pressure difference on the two sides of the piston, when the piston displacement reaches a certain position of the cylinder, the upper power generation coil group is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the piston is enabled to run at a reduced speed, and the piston continues to displace until the cushion pad stops. The pressure difference is maximum when the piston starts to accelerate, the pressure difference gradually decreases along with the movement of the piston, and the speed and the time of the piston are a curve. When the piston displacement reaches a certain position of the cylinder and reaches a certain speed or the piston speed is maximum, the upper power generation coil group is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the current is continuously and stably output along with the continuous deceleration movement of the piston, the piston deceleration is approximately a fixed value, and the speed and the time of the piston are approximately a straight line.

(2) In the step 2, the lower piston moves upwards under the action of initial thrust, the piston is pushed to run in an accelerating mode by the pressure difference on the two sides of the piston, the acceleration is small, therefore, the lower power generation coil set is started to be electrified reversely, the lower piston moves upwards in an accelerating mode under the action of an electromagnetic field of the lower power generation coil set, when the piston reaches a certain position of the air cylinder, the upper power generation coil set is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the piston runs in a decelerating mode, and the piston continues to move until the position of the cushion pad stops. The acceleration of the piston is pushed to be small by the pressure difference on the two sides of the piston, the lower electric generating coil group is started to be electrified reversely, the lower piston is pushed to move upwards in an accelerating way, and the speed and the time of the piston are approximately a straight line. When the piston displacement reaches a certain position of the cylinder and reaches a certain speed or the piston speed is maximum, the upper power generation coil group is arranged. The circuit is switched on to start power generation, the piston continuously and stably outputs current along with the continuous deceleration movement of the piston, the piston deceleration is approximately a fixed value, and the speed and the time of the piston are approximately a straight line.

(3) In the working procedure 3, the upper piston and the lower piston move downwards under the action of initial thrust, the pistons are pushed to accelerate by the pressure difference on the two sides of the pistons, but the acceleration is small, so that the upper power generation coil group is started to be electrified reversely, the upper piston and the lower piston are pushed to move downwards in an accelerated manner, when the displacement of the pistons reaches a certain position of the air cylinder, the lower power generation coil group is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the pistons are enabled to operate in a decelerated manner, and the displacement is continued until the position of the cushion pad stops. The acceleration of the piston is pushed to be accelerated by the pressure difference at two sides of the piston to be smaller, the upper power generation coil group is started to be electrified reversely, the upper piston and the lower piston are pushed to move downwards in a fixed acceleration mode, and the speed and the time of the piston are approximate to a straight line. When the piston displacement reaches a certain position of the cylinder and reaches a certain speed or the piston speed is maximum, the lower power generation coil set is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the current is continuously and stably output along with the continuous deceleration movement of the piston, the piston deceleration is approximately a fixed value, and the speed and the time of the piston are approximately a straight line. The electromagnetic acceleration device of the piston is replaced by all devices which can realize the acceleration function of the piston, such as a machine, a flywheel and the like. The speed of the piston in the cylinder is basically consistent in each process through the piston accelerating device, so that the power generation device can run stably.

The matching steps of the heat quantity of the absorbed and released hydrogen of 8 groups of metal hydrides in the operation process of 4 cylinders are as follows:

the first step is as follows: the upper metal hydride of the first cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged. The upper metal hydride of the second cylinder is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder III is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV releases hydrogen to absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen to release heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder I absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II to release hydrogen and absorb heat, the lower metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV to release hydrogen and absorb heat.

The second step is that: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. The upper metal hydride of the second cylinder is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder III releases hydrogen to absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen to release heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder in hydrogen release and heat absorption, and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III in hydrogen release and heat absorption.

The third step: the upper metal hydride of the first cylinder is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The upper metal hydride of the second cylinder releases hydrogen to absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen to release heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder IV for releasing hydrogen and absorbing heat, and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder II for releasing hydrogen and absorbing heat.

The fourth step: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I releases hydrogen to absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen to release heat. The upper metal hydride of the second cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder III is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder four is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat. The upper metal hydride of the second cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the third cylinder to release hydrogen and absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride of the fourth cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the first cylinder to release hydrogen and absorb heat.

The metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system drives the upper piston and the lower piston to move up and down by taking hydrogen as a working medium through the cylinder internally provided with the upper piston and the lower piston and utilizing the hydrogen absorption and release effects of metal hydride, so that the power generation coil wound outside the cylinder body generates induction power generation, the energy of the nature is fully utilized, and the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system is beneficial to energy conservation and emission reduction and creates economic benefits. The invention controls each unit or equipment of the system through the central controller, and realizes the automatic operation of the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system. The metal hydride hydrogen power generation device is arranged in a power plant for power generation, can also be used for driving an automobile to run by an automobile engine, or used for power chips of equipment such as mobile phones and household appliances, provides power energy for the equipment, can utilize energy carried by other natural substances, and drives a hydrogen reciprocating piston generator to generate power through working medium circulation, so that atmospheric pressure is converted into electric energy, and further, vehicles are driven to run, green traffic is realized, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the piston power generation operating principle of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cylinder assembly of the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of detecting the position of a piston in a cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the temperature variation and hydrogen absorption and desorption timing sequence of the metal hydride according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic velocity-time diagram of the piston movement step 1 in the cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the velocity times of the piston movement processes 2 and 3 in the cylinder according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the heat matching of 8 groups of metal hydrides absorbing and releasing hydrogen during the operation of 4 cylinders according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a P-C-T plot of upper and lower metal hydrides according to the present invention;

fig. 10 is another schematic diagram of the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system of the present invention.

Wherein: 1-cylinder, 2-grid, 3-upper piston, 4-lower piston, 5-atmosphere surge tank upper piston, 6-A hydrogen circulating pump, 7-metal hydride, 8-hydrogen outlet, 9-valve, 10-upper hydrogen chamber, 11-middle hydrogen chamber, 12-lower hydrogen chamber, 13-atmosphere surge tank nitrogen chamber, 14-atmosphere surge tank lower piston, 15-hydrogen inlet, 16-hydrogen surge cover, 17-combustible gas alarm, 18-atmosphere surge tank, 19-surge integration module, 20-power external supply module, 21-B hydrogen circulating pump, 22-storage battery, 23-central controller, 24-upper generating coil set, 25-lower generating coil set, 26-buffer pad, 27-transparent plug, 28-piston position detection hole, 29-infrared detector, 30-cylinder inner sleeve, 31-upper hydrogen inlet, 32-upper hydrogen outlet, 33-lower hydrogen outlet, 31-lower hydrogen outlet, 32-upper hydrogen inlet, 32-lower hydrogen outlet, and piston, 34-lower hydrogen inlet, 35-new metal hydride injection inlet, 36-old metal hydride extraction outlet, 37-turbocharger, 38-internal working gas regulator.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings. The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any modification made by those skilled in the art within the scope defined by the claims also falls within the scope of protection of the invention.

Example 1

The metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system comprises 4 cylinders 1, a central controller 23, a voltage stabilization integration module 19, an electric power external supply module 20 and a storage battery pack 22, wherein the voltage stabilization integration module 19 is in circuit connection with the electric power external supply module 20 and the storage battery pack 22, and the electric power external supply module 20 is connected to an external power grid. Each cylinder 1 is composed of an upper end cover, a lower end cover and a cylinder body, and the cylinder body is provided with a hydrogen inlet 15 and a hydrogen outlet 8. An upper generating coil group 24 and a lower generating coil group 25 are wound outside the cylinder body, and the upper generating coil group 24 and the lower generating coil group 25 are electrically connected to the voltage stabilization integration module 19. The inside of cylinder body is equipped with piston 3 and lower piston 4 on the permanent magnet structure, goes up piston 3 and piston 4 down and divide into the telescopic and goes up hydrogen chamber 10, middle hydrogen chamber 11 and lower hydrogen chamber 12 with the cylinder body, and the permanent magnet material is neodymium iron boron. The upper part of the upper hydrogen cavity 10 is provided with a grid 2, the upper part of the grid 2 is provided with a metal hydride 7, and the metal hydride is mainly titanium, chromium and manganese. The lower part of the lower hydrogen chamber 12 is provided with a grid 2, the lower part of the grid 2 is provided with a metal hydride 7, and the lower metal hydride is mainly lanthanum hydride. The upper and

lower pistons

3, 4 can freely move up and down in the whole cylinder, the metal hydride 7 is limited at two ends of the cylinder 1 through the grating 2, hydrogen can enter and exit the metal hydride 7 through the grating 2, so that the metal hydride can conveniently absorb and release the hydrogen, and the metal hydride 7 (comprising titanium chromium manganese and lanthanum hydride) can not pass through the grating 2. The metal hydride 7 can be a compact accumulated particle layer, and also can be an accumulated particle layer with a certain porosity, so that a fluidized layer with a certain degree is formed by utilizing heat exchange hydrogen, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the later is adopted in the embodiment.

An inner cylinder sleeve 30 is arranged in the cylinder body, and a cushion pad 26 is arranged between the inner cylinder sleeve 30 and the grid 2. The upper end cover is provided with an upper hydrogen inlet 31 and an upper hydrogen outlet 32, and the lower end cover is provided with a lower hydrogen outlet 33 and a lower hydrogen inlet 34. The upper and lower metal hydrides 7 of each cylinder are provided with a new metal hydride injection port 35 and an old metal hydride extraction port 36. As shown in fig. 4, the upper hydrogen outlet 32 of each cylinder is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the lower hydrogen inlets 34 of the four cylinders through the B hydrogen circulation pump 21 and the turbocharger 37, and the lower hydrogen outlet 33 is connected to the upper hydrogen inlet 31 through the turbocharger 37; the other path is connected to the lower hydrogen inlet 34 of the four cylinders through the a hydrogen circulation pump 6 and the turbocharger 37, and the lower hydrogen outlet 33 is connected to the upper hydrogen inlet 31 through the turbocharger 37. Each of the upper hydrogen inlet 31, the upper hydrogen outlet 32, the lower hydrogen outlet 33 and the lower hydrogen inlet 34 is provided with a valve 9. The system is provided with a hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16, the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16 is wrapped outside the four cylinders and the connecting pipeline, and a combustible gas alarm 17 and an atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank 18 are arranged outside the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16. The atmosphere surge tank 18 is provided with an atmosphere surge tank upper piston 5 and an atmosphere surge tank lower piston 14, and an atmosphere surge tank nitrogen cavity 13 is arranged between the atmosphere surge tank upper piston 5 and the atmosphere surge tank lower piston 14. The hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16 is additionally provided with internal heat preservation or/and external heat preservation, the equipment is additionally provided with external heat preservation or interlayer heat preservation, and the pipeline is additionally provided with internal heat preservation or external heat preservation or internal and external heat preservation. Once hydrogen leaks from the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation system, the hydrogen can be monitored by the combustible gas alarm 17, so that the system can be stopped for maintenance, and the safety is ensured. The atmospheric surge tank 18 may be mounted at any location on the hydrogen surge tank 16 and functions to equalize the pressure inside the hydrogen surge tank 16 to atmospheric pressure and to effectively isolate the atmosphere from the atmosphere through nitrogen. An internal working gas regulator 38 is arranged outside the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16, the temperature in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16 is kept constant at 20 ℃, heat in the day can be stored, and heat is released at low temperature at night, and if the heat in the day is not stored enough, the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover can generate heat by utilizing self electricity. In addition, when the season changes, the metal hydride matched with the outdoor temperature can be replaced according to different outdoor temperatures, and the replacement of the metal hydride can adopt an online non-stop propelling replacement mode, namely, another metal hydride is injected from a new metal hydride injection port 35, and the original metal hydride is drawn out from an old metal hydride extraction port 36 in a propelling mode.

As shown in fig. 2, a piston position detecting hole 28 is formed in a side wall of the cylinder 1, and a transparent plug 27 is provided outside the piston position detecting hole 28. An infrared detector 29 is provided outside the cylinder, and a probe of the infrared detector 29 is aligned with the piston position detection hole 28. The central controller 23 is in control connection with the voltage-stabilizing integration module 19, the power external supply module 20, the storage battery pack 22, the A hydrogen circulating pump 6, the B hydrogen circulating pump 21, the infrared detector 29, the turbocharger 37 and the valves 9, and automatically controls the operation of the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system. The cables connected with the device and the connecting pipelines of the metal hydride regenerator and the new metal hydride injection port 35 and the old metal hydride extraction port 36 are strictly sealed, and hydrogen gas is ensured not to leak.

The upper and lower 8 groups of metal hydrides are arranged in 4 cylinders, the upper hydrogen outlet 32 of each cylinder is respectively connected with the A hydrogen circulating pump 6 or the B hydrogen circulating pump 21, the outlets of the A hydrogen circulating pump 6 and the B hydrogen circulating pump 21 are respectively connected with the lower hydrogen inlets 34 of the other three cylinders through the turbo chargers 37, hydrogen coming out of the lower hydrogen outlet 33 returns to the upper hydrogen inlet 31 through the turbo chargers 37 to form closed-loop circulation, and the upper metal hydrides and the lower metal hydrides of any two cylinders can be communicated through switching the on-off operation of the valve 9, so that the heat of the 8 groups of metal hydrides in the 4 cylinders for absorbing and releasing hydrogen and absorbing hydrogen are matched with each other. The outlets of the A hydrogen circulating pump 6 and the B hydrogen circulating pump 21 are respectively provided with a turbocharger 37, the 0.11MPa hydrogen is changed into 0.1MPa through the turbocharger 37, and the 0.1MPa hydrogen can be pressurized to 0.11MPa by utilizing the pressure; on the contrary, the pressure of 0.025MPa hydrogen is changed into 0.02MPa by the turbocharger 37, and the pressure of 0.02MPa hydrogen is increased to 0.025 MPa. The turbocharger 37 effectively recovers the system pressure energy to match the heat exchange hydrogen entering the cylinder to the pressure required by the metal hydride itself. The 4 cylinders work continuously, the discontinuous current generated by the upper generating coil set 24 and the lower generating coil set 25 of each cylinder is connected to the voltage stabilization integration module 19 through respective cables, and the voltage-stabilized integrated continuous current is supplied to an external power grid through the power external supply module 20 or is stored in the storage battery 22. The central controller 23 is a control center of the entire power generation device, and controls the opening and closing of the valves and the actions of the electrical devices in a time sequence according to the power generation operation states of the cylinders, so that the entire cylinder device can automatically and stably operate.

The working process of the metal hydride hydrogen energy cylinder of the invention has 3 working procedures, as shown in figure 2.

Step 1, closing the upper hydrogen inlets and

outlets

31 and 32 and the lower hydrogen inlets and

outlets

33 and 34, opening the hydrogen inlet valve, allowing 0.1MPa hydrogen to enter the middle hydrogen chamber 11 of the cylinder from the hydrogen inlet 15 at the lower left side of the cylinder, pushing the upper piston 3 to move upwards under the action of atmospheric pressure, allowing the hydrogen pressure in the upper hydrogen chamber 10 to be 0.025MPa and the temperature to be-20 ℃, gradually increasing the hydrogen pressure in the upper hydrogen chamber 10 to 0.1MPa and changing the temperature to 20 ℃ as the upper piston 3 continuously moves upwards, opening the upper hydrogen inlets and

outlets

31 and 32, allowing the upper metal hydride to start to absorb hydrogen and release heat until the upper metal hydride completely absorbs the hydrogen at 0.1MPa and 20 ℃. The heat released during the hydrogen absorption process is removed by the a hydrogen circulation pump 6.

And 2, closing a valve on a hydrogen inlet 15 of the cylinder, opening a valve on a hydrogen outlet 8, opening a lower hydrogen inlet and outlet valve, heating the lower metal hydride at 18 ℃ to release hydrogen to generate 0.11MPa hydrogen, pushing the lower piston 4 to move upwards, and discharging the hydrogen in the middle hydrogen cavity 11 from the hydrogen outlet 8 at the upper right side of the cylinder until all the hydrogen is discharged.

And 3, closing the valve of the hydrogen outlet 8 of the cylinder 1, wherein the lower metal hydride starts to absorb hydrogen at-18 ℃ and 0.02MPa, the upper piston and the lower piston move downwards simultaneously, when the pressure of the upper hydrogen chamber 10 becomes 0.025MPa, the upper metal hydride starts to release hydrogen at-20 ℃ and 0.025MPa, and the hydrogen absorption of the lower metal hydride and the hydrogen release of the upper metal hydride are simultaneously carried out until the hydrogen absorption of the lower metal hydride is finished and the hydrogen release of the upper metal hydride is finished.

The above steps 1 to 3 are cyclically repeated to generate electricity.

The metal hydrogen storage material is used for absorbing hydrogen to form negative pressure, an atmospheric pressure environment (gravitational field) is introduced to push the piston to do work, and meanwhile, the difference of the hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of different metal hydrogen storage materials is utilized to be influenced by temperature and change characteristics, so that the different metal hydrogen storage materials form reasonable matching among the hydrogen absorption/desorption temperature, the pressure, the heat absorption quantity and the heat release quantity, the circular operation of hydrogen absorption/desorption of the metal hydrogen storage material is completed, and the power generation and the work doing by utilizing the different metal hydrogen storage materials, the environmental pressure and the environmental heat are realized. In this patent, the hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of the upper metal hydrogen storage material is less affected by the temperature, and the hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of the lower metal hydrogen storage material is more affected by the temperature, as shown in fig. 9, the hydrogen absorption pressure of the upper metal hydride is 0.1MPa, the hydrogen absorption temperature is 20 ℃, the hydrogen desorption pressure is 0.025MPa, and the hydrogen desorption temperature is-20 ℃. The hydrogen absorption pressure of the lower metal hydride is 0.02MPa, the hydrogen absorption temperature is-18 ℃, the hydrogen discharge pressure is 0.11MPa, the hydrogen discharge temperature is 18 ℃, and pressure difference is formed on two sides of the piston by utilizing the alternate hydrogen absorption and hydrogen discharge action of the metal hydrides at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder to drive the upper piston and the lower piston of the permanent magnet structure to move up and down to cut magnetic lines of force, so that a power generation coil wound outside the cylinder body generates current to generate power. The upper metal hydride and the lower metal hydride of any two cylinders can be communicated by switching the on-off operation of the valve 9, so that the heat of the 8 groups of metal hydrides in the 4 cylinders for absorbing hydrogen and releasing hydrogen and the heat of the hydrogen for releasing the hydrogen are matched with each other. In the embodiment, at least one gravitational field, two negative pressure sources and four negative pressure states form a work cycle. The environment formed by the gravitational field is relatively high pressure, including but not limited to atmospheric ambient pressure and water pressure; negative pressure sources refer to substances, devices and processes that can create a relatively low pressure with respect to ambient pressure; the negative pressure state is also a relatively low pressure state with respect to the ambient pressure.

As shown in FIG. 3, a stacked structure of 4 cylinders is adopted, so that space is saved, and the volume is reduced. The effective volume of work done by the piston of each cylinder is 5 liters, the volume of the upper metal hydride is 0.711 liter, and the volume of the lower metal hydride is 0.711 liter. To obtain a net work of 20kW, the outer diameter of the piston is at least 300mm and the stroke of the piston is 70 mm. The circulation volume of the hydrogen absorption and release of the 4 cylinders is 0.0064kg/s, the circulation operation frequency of each cylinder per minute is 2500 times, each cylinder does work for 6.2kW, the power consumption of each pump is 1.3kW, the accelerated power consumption of the piston of each cylinder in the processes of the working procedure 2 and the working procedure 3 is 0.55kW, and the net power of the whole device is 20 kW.

The upper and lower metal hydrides 7 of each cylinder are provided with a new metal hydride injection port 35 and an old metal hydride extraction port 36. The cycle operation frequency of the cylinder per minute is 2500 times, the frequency of the metal hydride for absorbing and releasing hydrogen is also 2500 times per minute, the metal hydride has service life for the times of absorbing and releasing hydrogen, the time and the efficiency of absorbing and releasing hydrogen of the fresh metal hydride are reduced along with the increase of the times of absorbing and releasing hydrogen, the metal hydride needs to be replaced periodically, and the efficient operation of absorbing and releasing hydrogen of the metal hydride is ensured. The replacement of the new and old metal hydrides adopts an on-line non-stop continuous push replacement mode, i.e. fresh metal hydride is injected from the injection port 35 of the new metal hydride, and the old metal hydride is simultaneously extracted from the extraction port 36 of the old metal hydride. The extracted old metal hydride can be regenerated in the regenerator in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16, or can be regenerated in the regenerator outside the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover 16, and the treated new metal hydride is injected into the new metal hydride injection port 35 at a certain time window.

The metal hydride should be at least 1 equivalent (1 equivalent refers to the minimum amount of metal hydride required for a single saturation of hydrogen absorption of the metal hydride over a complete process cycle), or the equivalent can be increased by multiple times to increase the rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption. In this example, 2000 times equivalent is adopted, i.e. the amount of metal hydride on the upper part and the lower part of the cylinder is 1920g, the volume is 711ml, the amount of hydrogen absorbed and released in each cycle is 9.6mg, the time for absorbing and releasing hydrogen is 6ms, and the percentage of hydrogen absorption and release is 0.05%. The metal hydride at the upper part and the lower part of the cylinder is the metal hydride with the hydrogen absorption saturation of 50 percent, the saturation of 50.05 percent when the hydrogen absorption is finished and the saturation of 50 percent when the hydrogen discharge is finished, thus being beneficial to matching the hydrogen absorption and discharge speed time. As 2000 times of equivalent of metal hydride is adopted, the hydrogen absorption and desorption speed is high, the time for remaining hydrogen absorption and desorption in the piston operation period is 6ms, the hydrogen absorption and desorption possibly exceeds 9.6mg excessively, and the hydrogen absorption and desorption amount is accurately controlled by controlling the heat transfer speed of the hydrogen absorption and desorption and the temperature of the metal hydride. The metal hydride adopts nano-scale particles, and the specific surface area of the metal hydride reaches 2 calculated by 50nm particles.2 ten thousand meters²The hydrogen absorbing and releasing amount of the metal hydride is 0.05 percent per kg, and the metal hydride selected in the embodiment can meet the requirement of the metal hydride in the cylinder on hydrogen absorbing and releasing.

As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the principle of detecting the position of the piston in the cylinder according to the present invention, a piston position detecting hole 28 is formed in an inner wall 30 of the cylinder, a transparent plug 27 is formed in the piston position detecting hole 28 to prevent hydrogen leakage, the piston position detecting hole 28 is located in an installation gap between the upper generating coil set 24 and the lower generating coil set 25, and an infrared detector 29 is located in an outer wall of the cylinder to monitor the positions of the upper piston 3 and the lower piston 4 in the cylinder at any time.

As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of the temperature variation and hydrogen absorption and desorption timing sequence of the metal hydride according to the present invention, the piston in the cylinder completes three

processes

1, 2, and 3, each process takes 8ms, one cycle of the piston operation is 24ms, 41.7 cycles are completed within one second, and 2500 cycles are completed within one minute, that is, the cycle operation frequency of the cylinder per minute is 2500 times. Through the direct contact heat exchange of hydrogen, the time for the metal hydride to cool from 20 ℃ to-20 ℃ is 8ms as shown in B-E, whereas the time for the metal hydride to heat from-20 ℃ to 20 ℃ is 8ms as shown in E-H. The initial hydrogen absorption temperature of the metal hydride under the condition of 0.1MPa is 15 ℃, the initial hydrogen desorption temperature under the condition of 0.025MPa is-15 ℃, and the time for the metal hydride to absorb and desorb hydrogen is 6ms as can be seen from figure 5.

In the working procedure 1, the upper piston 3 pushes the piston to move upwards in an accelerating way by the pressure difference on two sides of the piston, the initial instantaneous thrust is not less than 5299N (the pressure difference is 0.075 MPa), the later thrust is gradually reduced, when the piston displacement reaches the middle position of the cylinder by 35mm, the upper generating coil group 24 is connected with a circuit to start generating electricity, the piston is enabled to run in a decelerating way, the displacement continues by 35mm until the buffering cushion 26 stops, and the running time of the total piston stroke of 70mm is 8 ms. As shown in fig. 6, which is a speed-time diagram of the piston movement in the cylinder in the process 1 of the present invention, the pressure difference when the piston starts to accelerate is 0.075MPa at maximum, the pressure difference gradually decreases with the movement of the piston is a variable acceleration process, and the speed and the time of the piston are a curve; when the piston moves upwards for 4ms to reach the middle position of the cylinder, the piston speed is 17.5m/s at mostThe generating coil assembly 24 is connected with a circuit to start generating, and the piston continuously decelerates to move to continuously and stably output current, wherein the piston deceleration is a fixed value of 4375m/s²The velocity and time of the piston is approximately a straight line.

In the step 2, the initial instantaneous thrust of the upward movement of the lower piston 4 is 706N (differential pressure is 0.01 MPa), the later thrust is kept unchanged, the piston is pushed to operate in an accelerated manner by the differential pressure on two sides of the piston, but the acceleration is small, so that the lower generating coil set 25 is started to be electrified reversely to push the lower piston 4 to move in an accelerated manner, when the piston moves for 4ms to reach the middle position of the cylinder, the upper generating coil set 24 is connected with a circuit to start generating electricity, the piston operates in a decelerated manner, the piston continues to move for 4ms until the cushion pad 26 stops, and the time consumed for controlling the 70mm operation of the total stroke of the piston is. As shown in fig. 7, which is a schematic diagram of the speed and time of the piston movement in the cylinder in the working procedure 2 of the present invention, the acceleration of the piston accelerated by the pressure difference at both sides of the piston is small, the lower power generation coil set 25 is turned on to reverse power on, the lower piston 4 is pushed to move upward for a certain acceleration, and the speed and time of the piston are approximately a straight line; when the piston moves for 4ms to reach the middle position of the cylinder and the piston speed is at most 17.5m/s, the upper power generation coil group 24 is connected with a circuit to start power generation, and the piston deceleration is a constant value of 4375m/s as the piston continues to decelerate and move to continuously and stably output current²The velocity and time of the piston is approximately a straight line.

In the step 3, the initial instantaneous thrust of the downward movement of the upper piston and the lower piston is 353N (differential pressure is 0.005 MPa), the later thrust is kept unchanged, the piston is pushed to accelerate by the differential pressure on two sides of the piston, but the acceleration is small, so that the upper power generation coil group 24 is started to be electrified reversely to push the upper piston and the lower piston to move downwards in an accelerated manner, when the piston moves for 4ms to reach the middle position of the cylinder, the lower power generation coil group 25 is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the piston operates in a decelerated manner, the piston continues to move for 4ms until the cushion pad 26 stops, and the total stroke of the piston is 70mm, and the operation. As shown in FIG. 7, which is a schematic diagram of the velocity and time of the piston movement in the cylinder in step 3 of the present invention, the acceleration of the piston accelerated by the pressure difference between the two sides of the piston is small, the upper power generation coil assembly 24 is turned on to reverse the direction of the current, the upper and lower pistons are pushed to move downward with constant acceleration, and the velocity and time of the piston are similar to those of the pistonA straight line; when the piston moves for 4ms to reach the middle position of the cylinder and the piston speed is at most 17.5m/s, the lower electricity generating coil group 25 is connected with a circuit to start electricity generation, the current is continuously and stably output along with the continuous deceleration movement of the piston, and the piston deceleration is a fixed value 4375m/s²The velocity and time of the piston is approximately a straight line.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the matching of the hydrogen absorption and desorption heat of 8 groups of metal hydrides in the 4-cylinder operation process of the invention.

The first step is as follows: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.1MPa and 20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged; the upper metal hydride of the second cylinder is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.11MPa and 18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.025MPa and-20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder I absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II to release hydrogen and absorb heat, the lower metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV to release hydrogen and absorb heat.

The second step is that: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.11MPa and 18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the second cylinder is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.025MPa and-20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.1MPa and 20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder in hydrogen release and heat absorption, and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III in hydrogen release and heat absorption.

The third step: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the second cylinder releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.025MPa and-20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.1MPa and 20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV has no change, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.11MPa and 18 ℃. The upper metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder IV for releasing hydrogen and absorbing heat, and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder II for releasing hydrogen and absorbing heat.

The fourth step: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.025MPa and-20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the second cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.1MPa and 20 ℃, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat under the conditions of 0.11MPa and 18 ℃; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV has no change, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat under the conditions of 0.02MPa and-18 ℃. The upper metal hydride of the second cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the third cylinder to release hydrogen and absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride of the fourth cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the first cylinder to release hydrogen and absorb heat.

The dimensions of the upper piston 3, the lower piston 4 and the cylinder 1 can be set arbitrarily according to the technological requirements. The metal hydride 7 may be a metal hydride including, but not limited to, a rare earth metal hydride. When the metal hydride absorbs and releases hydrogen, hydrogen directly enters the metal hydride for heat exchange, the flowing heat carrier of the hydrogen is used for heat exchange, and a heat-exchanging coil pipe can also be arranged in the metal hydride for wall heat exchange. The reciprocating times per minute of the piston can be set arbitrarily according to the stroke number, the process number, the sizes of the piston and the cylinder and the equivalent of the metal hydride, thereby ensuring effective lubrication and strict sealing between the piston and the cylinder. The grid 2 allows the gas to pass efficiently without allowing the metal hydride to scatter into the cylinder.

The position of the cylinder 1 can be set arbitrarily, including but not limited to horizontal, vertical and any angle. A plurality of cylinders can be combined together, and the position, the mode and the angle of the combination can be selected at will.

The whole system allows heat to be taken from the environment and also allows heat to be dissipated to the environment, so that heat matching during heat exchange is met. The upper metal hydride in the cylinder can be replaced by the organic solvent, but not limited to, so that the upper part and the lower part of the cylinder are both organic solvents, and the lower metal hydride in the cylinder can be replaced by the organic solvent, but not limited to, so that the upper part of the cylinder is organic solvent and the lower part of the cylinder is metal hydride, and the lower metal hydride in the cylinder can be replaced by the organic solvent, but not limited to, so that the lower part of the cylinder is organic solvent and the upper part of the cylinder is metal hydride.

The heat exchange of the metal hydride can adopt direct heat exchange or partition wall heat exchange. The upper and lower pistons are allowed to be made of aluminum and wrapped with permanent magnets, so that the mass of the pistons is reduced. The heat exchange center is allowed to be arranged, the number of cylinders can be properly reduced when the heat exchange center is arranged, and the heat of hydrogen absorption and desorption of metal hydride in the cylinders is completely matched through the heat exchange center. The heat exchange coil pipe is allowed to be arranged on the cylinder wall, and the heat exchange area is increased. The heat dissipation is reduced by allowing the inner and outer walls of the cylinder and the upper and lower surfaces of the piston to have heat insulation materials, or by allowing the heat insulation materials or hollows in the interlayer of the cylinder or the interlayer of the piston.

The anti-collision elastic material is allowed to be additionally arranged at the end of the metal hydride, so that the piston can rebound quickly, and the running speed of the piston in each process is increased. Besides the circulating hydrogen for absorbing and releasing hydrogen, the heat exchange circulating hydrogen is allowed to exist, and the amount of the heat exchange circulating hydrogen is adjusted according to specific process requirements so as to meet the requirements of heat exchange rate and heat exchange efficiency. The heat exchange circulating hydrogen can be circulated in the partition wall heat exchange coil, and can also directly enter the metal hydride for circulating heat exchange.

The present embodiment adopts upper and lower double negative pressure sources, which does not exclude more than two negative pressure sources, and the working machines can be various when the number of the negative pressure sources is determined, including but not limited to piston machines and rotating machines, including all machines that work by using the above similar principle. When the piston machine is adopted, the piston machine not only comprises a three-process working mode, but also comprises a multi-process working mode which exceeds three processes.

Example 2

The metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system, the process, the equipment and the operation principle are completely consistent with the embodiment 1, except that the set of power generation device is arranged at the bottom of a steamship, the system is in an underwater pressurization state, the pressure in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover is equal to the sum of the atmospheric pressure and the water column pressure, and the differential pressure in the working process of the piston ascending working procedure 1 is increased. When the whole power generation device is installed in the air, the pressure difference of the piston is 0.075MPa, when the whole power generation device is installed at the bottom of a steamship underwater, the pressure difference of the piston is 0.075MPa + the number of water depth meters is multiplied by 0.01MPa, when the power generation device is installed at 7.5 meters underwater, the pressure difference of the piston is increased by 0.075MPa compared with the embodiment 1, the pressure difference of the piston is increased by one time, the power generation amount is also increased by one time, and the power generation amount at the moment is 40 kW.

At this time, the hydrogen absorption pressure of the upper metal hydride working condition is 0.175MPa, the hydrogen absorption temperature is 45 ℃, the hydrogen discharge pressure is 0.025MPa, and the hydrogen discharge temperature is-45 ℃. The hydrogen absorption pressure of the lower metal hydride working condition is 0.02MPa, the hydrogen absorption temperature is-42 ℃, the hydrogen release pressure is 0.185MPa, and the hydrogen release temperature is 42 ℃. The upper and lower metal hydrides include, but are not limited to, the rare earth metal hydride selected in example 1. The central controller adjusts the operating conditions of the upper and lower metal hydrides to suit the draft at which the power plant is located.

Claims

1. A metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system is characterized in that: the system comprises at least one cylinder (1), a voltage stabilization integration module (19), an electric power external supply module (20) and a storage battery pack (22), wherein the voltage stabilization integration module (19) is in circuit connection with the electric power external supply module (20) and the storage battery pack (22), and the electric power external supply module (20) is connected to an external power grid; the air cylinder (1) comprises an upper end cover, a lower end cover and a cylinder body, the cylinder body is provided with a hydrogen inlet (15) and a hydrogen outlet (8), an upper power generation coil group (24) and a lower power generation coil group (25) are wound outside the cylinder body, and the upper power generation coil group (24) and the lower power generation coil group (25) are connected to a voltage stabilization integration module (19) through circuits; an upper piston (3) and a lower piston (4) of a permanent magnet structure are arranged in the cylinder body, and the cylinder body is divided into an upper telescopic hydrogen cavity (10), a middle hydrogen cavity (11) and a lower telescopic hydrogen cavity (12) by the upper piston (3) and the lower piston (4); the upper part of the upper hydrogen cavity (10) is provided with a grating (2), the upper part of the grating is provided with a metal hydride (7), the lower part of the lower hydrogen cavity (12) is provided with the grating (2), and the lower part of the grating is provided with the metal hydride (7); the upper end cover is provided with an upper hydrogen inlet (31) and an upper hydrogen outlet (32), and the lower end cover is provided with a lower hydrogen outlet (33) and a lower hydrogen inlet (34); the upper hydrogen outlet (32) is divided into two paths, one path is connected to a lower hydrogen inlet (34) through a B hydrogen circulating pump (21) and a turbocharger (37), and the lower hydrogen outlet (33) is connected to the upper hydrogen inlet (31) through the turbocharger (37); the other path is connected to a lower hydrogen inlet (34) through an A hydrogen circulating pump (6) and a turbocharger (37); the lower hydrogen outlet (33) is connected to the upper hydrogen inlet (31) by a turbocharger (37).

2. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: the system is provided with a hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16), and the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16) is provided with a combustible gas alarm (17) and an atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank (18); the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16) is additionally provided with internal heat preservation or/and external heat preservation, the equipment is additionally provided with external heat preservation or interlayer heat preservation, and the pipeline is additionally provided with internal heat preservation or external heat preservation or internal and external heat preservation; the atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank (18) is provided with an atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank upper piston (5) and an atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank lower piston (14), an atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank nitrogen cavity (13) is arranged between the atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank upper piston (5) and the atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank lower piston (14), nitrogen or other inert gases are added into the atmosphere pressure stabilizing tank nitrogen cavity (13), and hydrogen or other inert gases are added into the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16); once hydrogen leaks from the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation system, the hydrogen can be monitored by a combustible gas alarm (17) so as to be convenient for shutdown maintenance and ensure safety; the atmospheric pressure stabilizing tank (18) is arranged at any position of the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16) and has the function of ensuring that the pressure in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16) is the same as the atmospheric pressure and is effectively isolated from the atmospheric environment through nitrogen; an internal working gas regulator (38) is arranged outside the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16), the temperature in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16) is kept constant, the heat in the day is stored, the heat is released when the temperature is low at night, and if the heat in the day is not stored enough, the heat is generated by utilizing the electricity of the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover; in addition, when the season changes, the metal hydride matched with the outdoor temperature is replaced according to different outdoor temperatures, the replacement of the metal hydride adopts an online non-stop propelling replacement mode, namely, another metal hydride is injected from a new metal hydride injection port (35), and the original metal hydride is drawn out from an old metal hydride extraction port (36) in a propelling mode.

3. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: a piston position detection hole (28) is formed in the side wall of the cylinder body of the cylinder (1), and a transparent plug (27) is arranged outside the piston position detection hole (28); an infrared detector (29) is arranged outside the cylinder body, and a probe of the infrared detector (29) is aligned to the position of the piston position detection hole (28).

4. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 3, wherein: the system is provided with a central controller (23), wherein the central controller (23) is in control connection with a voltage stabilization integration module (19), an electric power external supply module (20), a storage battery pack (22), an A hydrogen circulating pump (6), a B hydrogen circulating pump (21), an infrared detector (29) and valves (9); the cable and the connecting pipeline of the metal hydride regenerator and the new metal hydride injection port (35) and the old metal hydride extraction port (36) which are connected by the device are strictly sealed, so that no hydrogen leakage is ensured.

5. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: an inner cylinder sleeve (30) is arranged in the cylinder body of the cylinder (1), and a buffer pad (26) is arranged between the inner cylinder sleeve (30) and the grid (2); the metal hydride (7) at the upper part and the metal hydride (7) at the lower part of the cylinder (1) are respectively provided with a new metal hydride injection port (35) and an old metal hydride extraction port (36).

6. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: the metal hydride is a rare earth metal hydride, and the equivalent of the metal hydride is at least 1 time; a 1-fold equivalent refers to the minimum amount of metal hydride required for a single hydrogen absorption saturation of the metal hydride throughout a complete process cycle; adding a catalyst to the metal hydride to stably increase the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate, or increase the hydrogen absorption percentage of the metal hydride or the hydrogen desorption percentage of the metal hydride, or change the P-C-T curve of the metal hydride; different metal hydrides are adopted as the upper metal hydride and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder (1); the metal hydride (7) forms a compact accumulated particle layer, or the metal hydride (7) forms an accumulated particle layer with a certain porosity, so that a fluidized layer with a certain degree is formed by utilizing heat exchange hydrogen to improve the heat exchange efficiency.

7. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: when the metal hydride absorbs and releases hydrogen, hydrogen directly enters the metal hydride for heat exchange, and flowing heat carrier of the hydrogen is used for heat exchange; or a heat exchange coil is arranged in the metal hydride for wall heat exchange; the reciprocating times per minute of the piston are set randomly according to the stroke number, the process number, the sizes of the piston and the cylinder and the equivalent of the metal hydride, so that the effective lubrication and the strict sealing between the piston and the cylinder are ensured; the grid (2) can allow gas to effectively pass through while preventing metal hydride from scattering into the cylinder; the position of the cylinder (1) is set randomly; the heat exchange of the metal hydride adopts direct heat exchange or wall heat exchange, and the heat exchange medium is hydrogen; the upper piston and the lower piston are made of light materials including but not limited to aluminum so as to reduce the mass of the pistons, and the permanent magnet is wrapped on the light materials or wrapped by the light materials.

8. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: the cylinder adopts an upper negative pressure source and a lower negative pressure source, and the working machine is a piston machine or a rotating machine.

9. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: the metal hydride hydrogen energy power generation electrical system is installed in an atmospheric environment.

10. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: the upper and lower metal hydrides (7) of each cylinder are provided with a new metal hydride injection port (35) and an old metal hydride extraction port (36); the metal hydride has service life for the times of hydrogen absorption and desorption, the time and efficiency of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the fresh metal hydride are reduced along with the increase of the times of hydrogen absorption and desorption, the metal hydride needs to be updated regularly, and the efficient operation of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the metal hydride is ensured; the replacement of the new and old metal hydrides adopts an online non-stop propulsion replacement mode, namely, the fresh metal hydride is injected from a new metal hydride injection port (35), and the old metal hydride is extracted from an old metal hydride extraction port (36) in a propulsion mode; the extracted old metal hydride is regenerated in a regenerator in the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16) or in a regenerator outside the hydrogen pressure stabilizing cover (16), and the treated new metal hydride is injected into a new metal hydride injection port (35) at a certain time window.

11. The metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system of claim 1, wherein: the metal hydride is at least 1 equivalent; a 1-fold equivalent refers to the minimum amount of metal hydride required for a single hydrogen absorption saturation of the metal hydride throughout a complete process cycle; the metal hydrides on the upper part and the lower part of the cylinder are metal hydrides with the hydrogen absorption saturation of 0-100 percent; when the metal hydride is used in multiple equivalent, the amount of hydrogen absorbed and released is accurately controlled by controlling the heat transfer rate of the absorbed and released hydrogen and the temperature of the metal hydride.

12. A method for generating electricity in an electrical system for generating electricity by hydrogen energy of metal hydride as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power generation method comprises 3 working procedures, and the process is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps of firstly, closing an upper hydrogen inlet (31), an upper hydrogen outlet (32), a lower hydrogen inlet (34) and a lower hydrogen outlet (33), opening a hydrogen inlet valve, enabling hydrogen under atmospheric pressure to enter a middle hydrogen cavity (11) of a cylinder from a lower left hydrogen inlet (15) of the cylinder, pushing an upper piston (3) to move upwards under the action of atmospheric pressure, enabling the hydrogen in the upper hydrogen cavity (10) to be negative pressure, gradually increasing the pressure of the hydrogen in the upper hydrogen cavity (10) along with the continuous upward movement of the upper piston (3) to increase to the atmospheric pressure, opening the upper hydrogen inlet (31) and the upper hydrogen outlet (32) at the moment, enabling upper metal hydride to begin to absorb hydrogen and release heat until the upper metal hydride completely absorbs the hydrogen; the heat released in the hydrogen absorption process is removed through the A hydrogen circulating pump (6);

step 2, closing a valve on a hydrogen inlet (15) of the cylinder, opening a valve on a hydrogen outlet (8), opening a lower hydrogen inlet and outlet valve, heating lower metal hydride at a certain temperature to release hydrogen to generate hydrogen with a certain pressure, pushing a lower piston (4) to move upwards, and discharging the hydrogen in the middle hydrogen cavity (11) from the hydrogen outlet (8) at the right upper side of the cylinder until all the hydrogen is discharged;

step 3, closing a valve of a hydrogen outlet (8) of the cylinder (1), enabling the lower metal hydride to absorb hydrogen, enabling the upper piston and the lower piston to move downwards simultaneously, enabling the upper metal hydride to release hydrogen when the pressure of the upper hydrogen cavity (10) is changed into the designed negative pressure, enabling the lower metal hydride to absorb hydrogen and the upper metal hydride to release hydrogen simultaneously until the hydrogen absorption of the lower metal hydride is finished and the hydrogen release of the upper metal hydride is finished;

the working procedures 1-3 are circularly repeated, and the upper metal hydride and the lower metal hydride of any two cylinders are communicated by switching the on-off operation of a valve (9), so that the heat of hydrogen absorption and heat release of the metal hydride in the cylinders and the heat of hydrogen release and heat absorption of the metal hydride in the cylinders are matched with each other; the outlets of the hydrogen circulating pump A (6) and the hydrogen circulating pump B (21) are respectively provided with a turbocharger (37), and the heat exchange hydrogen entering the cylinder is matched with the pressure required by the metal hydride by effectively recovering the pressure energy of the system through the turbocharger (37); the hydrogen absorption and release temperature, pressure, heat absorption amount and heat release amount of different metal hydrogen storage materials are reasonably matched by utilizing the difference of the change characteristics of the hydrogen absorption and release pressure of the different metal hydrogen storage materials under the influence of temperature, so that the hydrogen absorption and release cycle operation of the metal hydrogen storage materials is completed, and the power generation and work application by utilizing the different metal hydrogen storage materials, the environmental pressure and the environmental heat are realized; the hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of the upper metal hydrogen storage material is less influenced by the temperature, the hydrogen absorption/desorption pressure of the lower metal hydrogen storage material is more influenced by the temperature, and pressure difference is formed on two sides of the piston by utilizing the alternate hydrogen absorption and desorption action of metal hydrides at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder to drive the upper piston and the lower piston of the permanent magnet structure to move up and down to cut magnetic lines of force, so that a power generation coil wound outside the cylinder body generates current to generate power.

13. The method for generating electricity in a metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the metal hydrides include, but are not limited to, metal hydrides employed as nano-sized particles.

14. The method for generating electricity in a metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the piston operation comprises 3 working procedures, and the process is as follows:

(1) in the step 1, an upper piston (3) moves upwards under the action of initial thrust, the piston is pushed to accelerate by the pressure difference on two sides of the piston, when the piston displacement reaches a first preset position of a cylinder, an upper power generation coil group (24) is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the piston is decelerated and operates, and the displacement is continued until a cushion pad (26) stops; the pressure difference is maximum when the piston starts to accelerate, the pressure difference gradually decreases along with the movement of the piston is an acceleration changing process, and the speed and the time of the piston are a curve; when the piston speed is maximum, the upper power generation coil group (24) is connected with a circuit to start power generation, and continuously and stably outputs current along with the continuous deceleration movement of the piston;

(2) in the step 2, the lower piston (4) moves upwards under the action of initial thrust, the piston is pushed to run in an accelerated manner by the pressure difference on the two sides of the piston, but the acceleration is small, so that the lower generating coil group (25) is started to be electrified reversely, the lower piston (4) moves upwards in an accelerated manner under the action of an electromagnetic field of the lower generating coil group (25), when the piston displacement reaches a second preset position of the cylinder, the upper generating coil group (24) is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the piston runs in a decelerated manner, and the displacement is continued until the cushion pad (26) stops; the acceleration of the piston is pushed to be small by the pressure difference on the two sides of the piston, the lower electric generating coil group (25) is started to be electrified reversely, and the lower piston (4) is pushed to move upwards in an accelerated manner; when the piston speed is maximum, the upper power generation coil group (24) is connected with a circuit to start power generation, and continuously and stably outputs current along with the continuous deceleration movement of the piston;

(3) in the step 3, the upper piston and the lower piston move downwards under the action of initial thrust, the pistons are pushed to accelerate by the pressure difference on the two sides of the pistons, but the acceleration is small, so that the upper power generation coil group (24) is started to be electrified reversely, the upper piston and the lower piston are pushed to move downwards in an accelerated manner, when the displacement of the pistons reaches the third preset position of the cylinder, the lower power generation coil group (25) is connected with a circuit to start power generation, the pistons are enabled to operate in a decelerated manner, and the displacement is continued until the position of the buffer pad (26) stops; the acceleration of the piston is pushed to be small by the pressure difference at the two sides of the piston, the upper power generation coil group (24) is started to be electrified reversely, and the upper piston and the lower piston are pushed to move downwards in a fixed acceleration manner; when the piston speed is maximum, the lower power generation coil group (25) is connected with a circuit to start power generation, and the current is continuously and stably output as the piston continues to move in a deceleration way.

15. The method for generating electricity in a metal hydride hydrogen energy generation electrical system as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the matching steps of the heat of the absorbed hydrogen of 8 groups of metal hydrides in the operation process of the cylinder are as follows:

the first step is as follows: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder II is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II to release hydrogen and absorb heat, the lower metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV to release hydrogen and absorb heat;

the second step is that: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder II is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III releases hydrogen to absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen to release heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder to release hydrogen and absorb heat, the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II absorbs hydrogen and releases heat and the lower metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III to release hydrogen and absorb heat;

the third step: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder II releases hydrogen to absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen to release heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the cylinder IV for releasing hydrogen and absorbing heat, the lower metal hydride of the cylinder II absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the cylinder II for releasing hydrogen and absorbing heat;

the fourth step: the upper metal hydride of the cylinder I releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder II absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the lower metal hydride is unchanged; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder III is unchanged, and the lower metal hydride releases hydrogen and absorbs heat; the upper metal hydride of the cylinder IV does not change, and the lower metal hydride absorbs hydrogen and releases heat; the upper metal hydride of the second cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the lower metal hydride of the third cylinder to release hydrogen and absorb heat, and the lower metal hydride of the fourth cylinder absorbs hydrogen and releases heat to be matched with the upper metal hydride of the first cylinder to release hydrogen and absorb heat.