CN110420197B - 一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的方法 Download PDF

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CN110420197B
CN110420197B CN201910701729.4A CN201910701729A CN110420197B CN 110420197 B CN110420197 B CN 110420197B CN 201910701729 A CN201910701729 A CN 201910701729A CN 110420197 B CN110420197 B CN 110420197B
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王红声
宋新然
洪火炎
张东东
马琳琳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的方法，包括：将载药醇质体与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液混合，利用静电喷雾制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球。本发明可有效负载并递送多种药物，提高药物靶向树突状细胞从而引发一系列免疫反应，增强抗肿瘤作用。

Description

一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微 球的方法
技术领域
本发明属于载药醇质体领域，特别涉及一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的方法。
背景技术
恶性肿瘤严重危害人类健康，已成为仅次于心脑血管疾病的第二大杀手，据世界卫生组织统计，人类近六分之一的死亡率是癌症造成的，而传统的手术、放疗、化疗等手段效果欠佳。肿瘤疫苗是目前最具前景的肿瘤治疗方法，近年来受到极大关注，主要包括：抗原/佐剂疫苗、肿瘤细胞疫苗、核酸疫苗等各形式的疫苗。抗原/佐剂疫苗是目前疫苗研究的一个热门方向。
人体皮肤角质层下的活性表皮层中存在着树突状细胞(DCs)--郎格汉斯细胞(LCs)等抗原呈递细胞。通过定向刺激DCs成熟，可提高其对抗原的摄取、表达和递呈，从而提高免疫效应，DCs细胞膜表面分布3种受体：Fc受体、甘露糖受体(MMR)、DEC-205受体。通过药剂学和化学合成手段在载体材料分子上引入MMR，可介导负载疫苗的载体靶向DCs，以增加DCs对疫苗的摄取。
聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)是阳离子聚合物材料，因其较强的DNA结合和细胞转染能力，是优良的非病毒基因转染载体。通过引入甘露糖基团，可提高其对DCs细胞的靶向性。
醇质体是一种含有低分子量醇的特殊脂质体，柔性好，结构稳定，可包裹和传递大分子类药物，醇质体用作给药的载体具有常效缓控性、增溶性、提高药物稳定性的优点。
如果能研究一种可靶向树突状细胞或者巨噬细胞的给药系统，则有望提高抗原靶向树突状细胞或者巨噬细胞的能力，增加抗原提呈。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的方法，该方法制备的甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体微球可有效负载并递送多种药物，提高药物靶向树突状细胞从而引发一系列免疫反应，增强抗肿瘤作用。
本发明提供了一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的方法，包括：
(1)将卵磷脂、胆固醇、十八胺混合后溶于溶剂中，旋转蒸发，得到脂质体膜；然后加入含有药物的溶液搅拌，得到载药醇质体，将负载药物的醇质体滴加到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺溶液中，边搅拌边超声分散，再加入免疫佐剂类药物，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体；
(2)将得到的载药醇质体与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液混合，利用静电喷雾制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球。
所述步骤(1)中的卵磷脂、胆固醇、十八胺质量比为25:2-3:1。
所述步骤(1)中的溶剂为乙醇水溶液；其中，乙醇与水的体积比为3:7。
所述步骤(1)中的药物为多肽类、激素类、蛋白类、生物碱类、抗生素类药物中的一种或几种。
所述步骤(1)中的甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺溶液的浓度为1mg/ml。
所述步骤(1)中的免疫佐剂类药物中磷酸基团与甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰载药醇质体中氨基的N/P比值为1:5-1:25。
所述步骤(1)中的免疫佐剂类药物为CPG-ODN。
所述步骤(1)中的甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺的制备方法具体为：将4-异硫氢酸苯基-Α-D-甘露糖苷和聚乙烯亚胺按质量比1:2反应3-4h，然后旋转蒸发，冷冻干燥3-4d，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺。
所述步骤(2)中的载药醇质体与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液的体积比为4:6。
所述步骤(2)中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液的浓度为10wt％。
所述步骤(2)中的静电喷雾的工艺参数为：电压为15～20kV，推进速度为0.1～0.8ml/h，接收距离为10～15cm，温度为20～40℃，湿度为5％～8％。
有益效果
(1)本发明制备过程简便、原料来源广泛、实验装置简易、制备时间短且条件温和，利于大批量生产；
(2)本发明制备的甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体稳定性好，可长时间保存；DCs细胞膜表面分布3种受体：Fc受体、甘露糖受体(MMR)、DEC-205受体。通过药剂学和化学合成手段在载体材料分子上引入MMR，可介导负载疫苗的载体靶向DCs，以增加DCs对疫苗的摄取。
(3)本发明制备的甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体微球可有效负载并递送多种药物，提高药物靶向树突状细胞从而引发一系列免疫反应，增强抗肿瘤作用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的SEM图；
图2为实施例1制备得到的可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球靶向树突状细胞吞噬图的比较图；其中，a是空白对照，b是醇质体，c是甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的醇质体；
图3为实施例1制备得到的可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球促进树突状细胞成熟的细胞流逝图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)将卵磷脂、胆固醇、十八胺以质量比25:2.5:1的比例混合于30％(v/v)乙醇水溶液中，旋转蒸发得到一层脂质体膜；将TRP2肽以0.5mg/ml加入30％(v/v)乙醇水溶液，得到TRP2肽溶液；将脂质体膜加入到TRP2肽溶液中，搅拌得到负载TRP2肽的醇质体；将负载TRP2肽的醇质体滴加到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺溶液中，边搅拌边超声分散，再加入免疫佐剂类药物，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体；
甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺的制备方法具体为：将4-异硫氢酸苯基-Α-D-甘露糖苷和聚乙烯亚胺混合，加入甲醇引发反应3h，然后旋转蒸发，冷冻干燥3d，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺；其中4-异硫氢酸苯基-Α-D-甘露糖苷和聚乙烯亚胺的质量比为1:2；
(2)配置10％聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的电喷液，并按照体积比为40％的比例加入(1)中所述甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体；
(3)将步骤(2)中的共混溶液转移至注射器中，利用高压发生装置进行电喷，设置电喷参数：电压为16kV，推进速度为0.5mL/h，接收距离为12cm，温度为25℃，湿度为5％，得到可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球。
从图1可以看出载药醇质体的粒径很小，有利于其进入细胞内。
从图2可以看出，甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的醇质体靶向树突状细胞吞噬的荧光明显高于其他两组。
从图3可以看出，利用静电喷雾法制备的载药醇质体微球诱导CD80、CD86的峰值明显右移，表明其诱导树突状成熟，可促进免疫应答，增强抗肿瘤作用。
实施例2
(1)将卵磷脂、胆固醇、十八胺以质量比25:2.5:1的比例混合于30％(v/v)乙醇水溶液中，旋转蒸发得到一层脂质体膜；将盐酸阿霉素(Dox)以0.5mg/ml加入30％(v/v)乙醇水溶液，得到Dox溶液；将脂质体膜加入到Dox溶液中，搅拌得到负载Dox的醇质体；将负载Dox的醇质体滴加到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺溶液中，边搅拌边超声分散，再加入EGFP基因表达质粒(pEGFP)，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体；
甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺的制备方法具体为：将4-异硫氢酸苯基-Α-D-甘露糖苷和聚乙烯亚胺混合，加入甲醇引发反应3h，然后旋转蒸发，冷冻干燥3d，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺；其中4-异硫氢酸苯基-Α-D-甘露糖苷和聚乙烯亚胺的质量比为1:2；
(2)配置10％聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的电喷液，并按照体积比为40％的比例加入(1)中所述甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体；
(3)将步骤(2)中的共混溶液转移至注射器中，利用高压发生装置进行电喷，设置电喷参数：电压为16kV，推进速度为0.5mL/h，接收距离为12cm，温度为25℃，湿度为5％，得到可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球。

Claims (1)

1.一种利用静电喷雾法制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球的方法，包括：
(1)将卵磷脂、胆固醇、十八胺混合后溶于溶剂中，旋转蒸发，得到脂质体膜；然后加入含有药物的溶液搅拌，得到载药醇质体，将负载药物的醇质体滴加到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺溶液中，边搅拌边超声分散，再加入免疫佐剂类药物，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰的载药醇质体；其中，所述卵磷脂、胆固醇、十八胺质量比为25:2-3:1；所述溶剂为乙醇水溶液；乙醇与水的体积比为3:7；所述药物为多肽类、激素类、蛋白类、生物碱类、抗生素类药物中的一种或几种；所述甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺溶液的浓度为1mg/ml；所述免疫佐剂类药物中磷酸基团与甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺修饰载药醇质体中氨基的N/P比值为1:5-1:25；所述甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺的制备方法具体为：将4-异硫氢酸苯基-Α-D-甘露糖苷和聚乙烯亚胺按质量比1:2反应3-4h，然后旋转蒸发，冷冻干燥3-4d，得到甘露糖化聚乙烯亚胺；
(2)将得到的载药醇质体与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液混合，利用静电喷雾制备可靶向树突状细胞的载药醇质体微球；其中，所述载药醇质体与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液的体积比为4:6；所述静电喷雾的工艺参数为：电压为15～20kV，推进速度为0.1～0.8ml/h，接收距离为10～15cm，温度为20～40℃，湿度为5％～8％。
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