CN110414153B - Method for determining dust diffusion range of open pit coal mine - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for determining the dust diffusion range of an opencast coal mine belongs to the field of opencast mining. The method comprises the steps of firstly determining the dust production intensity of each operation link in the opencast coal mine production process by using an empirical formula, then determining a dust diffusion model and opencast coal mine dust diffusion parameters in the opencast coal mine production process, and finally obtaining two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of dust concentration at each point on the ground by using a MatLab programming program. And the visualization of data results is realized according to various two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs output. The method can predict the diffusion range of the dust generated in the process of opencast coal mining, so that the dust can be treated and prevented in advance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of open pit mining, and particularly relates to a method for determining the dust diffusion range of an open pit coal mine.
Background
In recent years, the coal industry in China is rapidly developed, open pit mining also steps into a rapidly developed rail, the development and construction quantity, the capacity scale and the capital investment quantity of open pit coal mine are rapidly increased, and open pit mining technology and mining technology are also dramatically developed. However, while the open-pit mine rapidly develops and mines a large amount of coal resources to make a contribution to national economy, the open-pit mine also has great influence on a mining area and the surrounding environment, and especially the pollution to the atmospheric environment is more and more serious. The atmospheric pollution of the open pit coal mine is mainly represented by dust pollution, and the quality of field production operation and the health of people around the field are seriously influenced. In the production process of the opencast coal mine, a large amount of dust is generated in the links of mining, loading, blasting, transportation, discharging and the like, and then is diffused to the surrounding area of the opencast coal mine. The dust diffusion in the production process of the opencast coal mine is influenced by meteorological conditions and topographic conditions such as wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric stability, air flow temperature distribution and the like, the dust diffusion rule of the opencast coal mine is researched, the dust production intensity and the pollution range of the opencast coal mine are determined, and the method has important significance for evaluating the green mining degree of the opencast coal mine and researching the dust treatment method in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for determining the dust diffusion range of an open pit coal mine. The method can predict the diffusion range of the dust generated in the process of opencast coal mining, so that the dust can be treated and prevented in advance.
The invention discloses a method for determining the dust diffusion range of an open pit coal mine, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1: determining the dust production intensity of each operation link in the production process of open pit coal mine
Each operation link comprises drilling operation, blasting operation, collecting and loading operation, transportation operation and dumping operation;
step 1.1: determining dust production intensity of drilling operation
Detecting the average dust removal efficiency of the drilling machine in the drilling process to obtain the dust generation intensity in the drilling operation process; wherein, the dust intensity is different according to the drilling machine that adopts, and it adopts following formula: g Drill ＝K a ×K Drill ×N Drill
Wherein G is Drill The unit is kg/h for the dust generation intensity of drilling operation; k a The time utilization coefficient of the drilling machine is dimensionless; k Drill The average dust yield of a single drilling machine is expressed in units of kg/(stand. H), N Drill The number of the drilling machines is shown in the unit of a table;
step 1.2: determining dust generation intensity of blasting operation
The dust generation intensity in blasting operation is determined according to one of the following two ways:
the first mode is as follows: monitoring mine blasting data in blasting operation to obtain the concentration of the smoke group dust, and obtaining the dust production intensity G in the blasting operation by adopting the following calculation formula Blasting ：
G Blasting ＝C×V Blasting
In the formula: g Blasting The unit is kg/d of dust generation strength of blasting operation; c is the dust concentration of the mine blasting smoke group with the unit of Kg/m 3 ；V Blasting The total volume of the tobacco mass blasted every day is m 3 /d；
The second mode is as follows: the dust production intensity generated in the blasting operation accounts for 0.0011% of the total blasting amount of the ore and the rock mass;
step 1.3: determining the dust strength of mining and loading operation
According to the mining and loading operation process, the factors influencing the dust production strength comprise ore rock properties, the mining and loading mineral wetting degree and meteorological conditions, wherein according to on-site detection, the main factors influencing the dust production strength are the mining and loading mineral wetting degree, and the relationship between the dust production strength and the mining and loading mineral wetting degree is shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 relationship between dust-producing and discharging coefficient of single vehicle and mineral moisture degree
Thus, the dust strength G of the mining and loading operation Collecting and loading Calculated according to the following formula,
G collecting and loading ＝P Coefficient of emission ×N Collecting and loading
G Collecting and loading The unit is kg/h for the dust generation intensity of the mining and loading operation; p is Coefficient of emission Is the dust emission coefficient of a single vehicle, and the unit is kg (platform-h) -1 ；N Collecting and packing device The number of the vehicles for mining and loading operation is the unit of a platform;
step 1.4: determining dust production intensity in transportation operation
Dust generation intensity G in transportation operation Transportation of The following formula is used for calculation:
G transportation of ＝0.0079V Steam generator ×M Steam generator 0.85 ×P 0.72 ×N Transportation of
In the formula: g Transportation of The unit is g/s for the dust production strength of the transportation operation; v Steam generator Is the speed of the automobile, and the unit is Km/h; p is the dust amount of the road surface, kg/m 2 ；M Steam generator The weight of the automobile in the transportation operation is t; n is a radical of Transportation of The unit is the number of vehicles;
step 1.5: determining dust production intensity of dumping operation
According to the influence of each factor on the dust production intensity in the soil discharging operation process, the calculation formula of the dust production intensity in the soil discharging operation is as follows:
G soil discharging ＝0.0523V Wind power 1.30 ×H 2.01 ×W -1.4 ×S
In the formula: g Soil discharging The dust production intensity for the dumping operation is Kg/s; v Wind power The unit is m/s, which is the wind speed during the dumping operation; h is the unloading height difference, m; w is the water content of the coal mine in the dumping operation, and the unit is percent; s is daily discharge in m 3 /s；
Step 2: determining dust diffusion model in opencast coal mine production process
Determining a dust diffusion model in the opencast coal mine production process according to the characteristics of the atmospheric environment and the dust source, specifically one of a Gaussian model, a smoking model and a particle model;
and step 3: determining opencast coal mine dust diffusion parameters
Determining dust diffusion parameters of the opencast coal mine, including wind speed, atmospheric stability parameters and ground roughness;
and 4, step 4: determination of dust spread
And adopting a MatLab programming program to calculate the dust diffusion range, inputting the wind speed, the atmospheric stability parameter, the ground roughness and the dust generation intensity in each action process into the MatLab to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the dust concentration at each point on the ground.
In the step 1.1, the average dust yield of the drilling machine is determined according to the type of the drilling machine and the dust removal efficiency; when the drilling machine is a roller drilling machine, the average dust yield of a single roller drilling machine is 1-1.1 kg/(table h).
In the step 1.2, the dust concentration of the mine blasting smoke mass is determined by a blasting method, the physicochemical properties of ore rocks, the blasting explosive quantity and the climate condition.
In the step 1.4, the main transportation mode of the open pit coal mine is one or more of automobile transportation, rubber belt transportation and railway transportation; compared with rubber belt transportation and railway transportation, the dust yield of automobile transportation is the most important influence factor of transportation operation.
In the step 2, when the atmospheric environment is stable and the wind speed is more than or equal to 1m/s, a Gaussian diffusion model is adopted as a dust diffusion model in the production process of the open pit coal mine.
In the step 3, the dust is diffused and diluted in the atmosphere as a result of the turbulent motion of the atmosphere. Generally, when the source is strong, the diffusion parameter becomes the only factor that determines the dust distribution. Therefore, the determination of the atmospheric diffusion parameters under different terrain and climatic conditions becomes the key for accurately calculating the dust diffusion range.
The method for determining the dust diffusion range of the open pit coal mine has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can accurately and reasonably calculate the dust production intensity of each link in the production process of the open pit coal mine.
2. The method can calculate the dust diffusion range of the open pit coal mine, and provides scientific basis for the research of dust control.
3. The invention can automatically complete the calculation and analysis of the dust diffusion range only by inputting specific parameters into a computer, and outputs various two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs according to the requirements, thereby realizing the visualization of data results.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the downwind dust diffusion law according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lateral dust diffusion law of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional image of a distribution rule of dust concentration on the ground according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional image of a distribution rule of dust concentration on the ground according to an embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Examples
A method of determining the extent of dust dispersion in an open pit coal mine, comprising the steps of:
step 1: determining the dust production intensity of each operation link in the production process of open pit coal mine
Each operation link comprises drilling operation, blasting operation, collecting and loading operation, transportation operation and dumping operation;
step 1.1: determining dust generation intensity of drilling operation
A KX-150 series drilling machine is used in a drilling operation link of a certain opencut coal mine, the perforating efficiency in ore rocks with f = 3-5 is 29-35 m/h, three shifts of operation are performed every day, and the shift time utilization coefficient is 0.4-0.5. Because the hardness of the stripped object in the mining area is soft, the perforation efficiency is 35m/h, the time utilization coefficient of the drilling machine is 0.50, and the working capacity of the drilling machine is 140m. The waste hole rate is 5 percent, so the number of drilling machines is 8, and the average dust yield K of each drilling machine is 1.05 kg/(h). According to the formula:
G drill ＝K a ×K Drill ×N Drill To obtain G Drill ＝0.5×1.05×8＝4.2kg/h；
Step 1.2: determining dust generation intensity of blasting operation
In the blasting link, according to the concrete engineering position of the current year, the annual raw coal yield is 16.00Mt, and the stripping ratio is 1.8m 3 T, total Peel 28.80Mm 3 And correcting the calculation result according to the actual operation condition of the site and the average blasting amount in the past year, wherein the total annual blasting amount of the rock mass is 1.64Mm 3 The volume weight is 2.1t/m 3 . Dust generation intensity G in blasting operation Blasting According to a second way of calculating the difference,
the dust generation intensity generated in the blasting operation accounts for 0.0011 percent of the total blasting amount of the ore and the rock mass, so that G Blasting ＝1.64×10 6 ×2.1×10 6 /365/24/3600×0.0011％＝1.2g/s。
Step 1.3: determining the dust strength of mining and loading operation
In the mining and loading link, the WD-400 (the bucket capacity is 4 m) required to be responsible for ground loading is calculated according to the yield of raw coal and the total amount of stripping materials in combination with the effective operation time and the production capacity of the excavator 3 ) 6 excavators and WK-10B (bucket capacity 12 m) required to be matched with trucks to mine coal 3 ) 6 excavators are required for stripping the responsible auxiliary coal mining WK-20 (bucket capacity 23 m) 3 ) 4 excavators and 30m bucket capacity required to be matched with self-moving crusher 3 And WK-20 (bucket capacity 28.5 m) 3 ) One for each excavator, excavator N Collecting and packing device The total number was 18. Because the humidity degree of the pollutants is dry, the average dust generation discharge coefficient P of each excavator is combined with the data obtained by on-site monitoring Coefficient of emission The value was 2.27 kg/(Chao. H). Dust-producing strength G of mining and loading operation Collecting and packing device Calculated according to the following formula,
G collecting and loading ＝P Coefficient of emission ×N Collecting and loading Thus, G Collecting and loading ＝2.27×18＝40.86kg/h。
Step 1.4: determining dust production intensity of transportation operation
In the transportation operation link, the single-bucket self-moving crusher semi-continuous system finishes 9.00Mt of raw coal, and then the residual 7.00Mt of raw coal and 28.80Mm 3 The amount of peeling was performed by a one-hopper-truck process, and 7 dump trucks with a load of 77t, 16 dump trucks with a load of 85t, 24 dump trucks with a load of 108t, and 24 dump trucks with a load of 172t were required according to the transportation capacity of each model truck. The stripping transport distance is 2.75Km, the coal mining transport distance is 1.95Km, the speeds of transporting stripped objects and raw coal are 12Km/h and 14Km/h respectively, and the amount of road surface dust is 0.3Kg/m 2 。
Dust generation intensity G in transportation operation Transportation of The following formula is used for calculation:
G transportation of ＝0.0079V Steam generator ×M Steam generator 0.85 ×P 0.72 ×N Transportation of ＝0.0079×12×77 0.85 ×0.3 0.72 ×7+0.0079×12×85 0.85 ×0.3 0.72 ×16+0.0079×14×108 0.85 ×0.3 0.72 ×24+0.0079×14×172 0.85 ×0.3 0.72 ×24＝187.36g/s。
Step 1.5: determining dust production intensity of dumping operation
In the link of the dumping operation, the average value of the unloading height of the single-bucket truck is 1.5m, the annual average wind speed is 3.2m/s according to the local meteorological conditions, and the moisture content of the stripping material is 5 percent. The daily discharge amount is daily stripping amount, and according to a calculation formula of dust generation intensity in the soil discharge operation:
G soil discharging ＝0.0523V Wind power 1.30 ×H 2.01 ×W -1.4 ×S＝0.0523×3.2 1.30 ×1.5 2.01 ×5 -1.4 ×28.80×10 6 ÷365÷24÷3600＝51.42g/s。
The method for calculating the dust diffusion range in the production process of the opencast coal mine comprises the following specific steps:
the dust production intensity of each link of drilling, blasting, collecting, transporting and dumping in the production process of the strip mine is calculated and obtained according to the determination method of the dust emission parameter index and the dust production intensity of each link of steps 1.1-1.5, and the total dust production intensity is 252.5g/s, which is specifically shown in the table 2:
TABLE 2 strength of dust source in each operation link of opencast coal mine
Step 2, determining a dust diffusion model in the opencast coal mine production process according to the atmospheric environment and the dust source characteristics;
the strip mine has relatively stable atmospheric environment and average wind speed greater than 1m/s, can regard dust pollution generated by the strip mine as ground point source pollution, and is suitable for adopting a Gaussian diffusion model. The expression of the ground concentration obtained by improving the Gaussian diffusion model is as follows:
in the formula: c (x, y) is the dust concentration at the ground point (x, y)Degree, mg/m 3 (ii) a Q is the dust source intensity, mg/s; mu is average wind speed, m/s; sigma y Is a horizontal direction diffusion parameter, m; sigma z The vertical diffusion parameter, m.
And 3, determining the dust diffusion parameters of the opencast coal mine, including wind speed, atmospheric stability parameters and ground roughness.
The annual average wind speed is 3.2m/s, the atmospheric stability obtained according to the local cloud cover and the solar altitude is neutral, namely D grade, the area belongs to the suburb of an open field and belongs to the B class in the national regulation classification, so the surface roughness value is 0.16, and the dust source intensity generated in each link of the strip mine is 252.5g/s.
And 4, calculating the dust diffusion range by using a Matlab program to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the dust concentration at each point on the ground.
In MATLAB language, according to a Gaussian diffusion model of a ground point source, a source intensity selection range is determined to be 0-500 mg/s, and a program is programmed to output two-dimensional and three-dimensional images (figures 1-4) of dust concentration diffusion distribution within 10000 meters of downwind direction. The program module mainly realizes the following partial programs:
the dust diffusion rule and the calculated dust diffusion range obtained by summarizing the four images obtained by simulating the dust diffusion result by the MATLAB software are as follows:
according to the downwind dust diffusion law (figure 1), the concentration of the mineral dust is gradually reduced along with the increase of the downwind distance, the reduction speed is gradually reduced, the influence of dust pollution on a near source is far greater than that of the dust pollution on a far source, the dust pollution can be mixed and diluted in a larger space, and the pollution to the environment is favorably reduced.
The concentration of the mineral dust can be known from the transverse dust diffusion law (figure 2)The concentration decreases rapidly from the middle to both sides in a normal distribution along the transverse direction (tangential to the wind direction), and decreases to 0.1mg/m when the distance is 1000 m from the dust source 3 Hereinafter, the smaller lateral contamination range of the dust will be described.
From the distribution law of the dust concentration on the ground (fig. 3 and 4), the dust concentration values corresponding to each point on the ground around the mine can be clearly known, and the pollution ranges corresponding to different dust concentrations can be determined (for example, when the dust concentration is reduced to 0.14mg/m 3 Then the downwind pollution distance was 9500 meters and the lateral pollution distance was 500 meters). The dust concentration is distributed in an approximately elliptical shape, namely the diffusion and dilution speed and the pollution influence distance along the downwind direction are obviously greater than the tangential direction of wind, and the trend is more obvious along with the increase of the downwind distance, so that the dust prevention and control work of the downwind area of a pollution source can be better carried out.
Claims (5)
1. A method for determining the dust diffusion range of an open pit coal mine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining the dust production intensity of each operation link in the production process of open pit coal mine
Each operation link comprises drilling operation, blasting operation, collecting and loading operation, transportation operation and dumping operation;
step 1.1: determining dust generation intensity of drilling operation
Detecting the average dust removal efficiency of the drilling machine in the drilling process to obtain the dust generation intensity in the drilling operation process; wherein, the dust production intensity is different according to the adopted drilling machine, and the following formula is adopted: g Drill ＝K a ×K Drill ×N Drill
Wherein, G Drill The unit is kg/h for the dust generation intensity of drilling operation; k a The time utilization coefficient of the drilling machine is dimensionless; k is Drill The average dust yield of a single drilling machine is expressed in kg/(stand h), N Drill The number of the drilling machines is shown in the unit of a table;
step 1.2: determining dust generation intensity of blasting operation
The dust generation intensity in blasting operation is determined according to one of the following two ways:
the first mode is as follows: monitoring mine blasting data in blasting operation to obtain the concentration of the smoke group dust, and obtaining the dust production intensity G in the blasting operation by adopting the following calculation formula Blasting ：
G Blasting ＝C×V Blasting
In the formula: g Blasting The unit is kg/d of dust generation strength of blasting operation; c is the dust concentration of the mine blasting smoke group with the unit of Kg/m 3 ；V Blasting The total volume of the tobacco mass blasted every day is m 3 /d；
The second mode is as follows: the dust production intensity generated in the blasting operation accounts for 0.0011% of the total blasting amount of the ores and the rock masses;
step 1.3: determining the dust strength of mining and loading operation
According to the mining and loading operation process, the factors influencing the dust production strength comprise the rock properties, the mining and loading mineral wetting degree and the meteorological conditions, wherein according to the field detection, the main factors influencing the dust production strength are the mining and loading mineral wetting degree, and the relationship between the dust production strength and the mining and loading mineral wetting degree is shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 relationship between dust-generating and discharging coefficient of single vehicle and wetting degree of mining and loading minerals
Therefore, the dust generation intensity G of the mining and loading operation Collecting and loading Calculated according to the following formula,
G collecting and loading ＝P Coefficient of emission ×N Collecting and loading
G Collecting and loading The unit is kg/h for the dust production intensity of the mining and loading operation; p Coefficient of emission Is the dust emission coefficient of a single vehicle, and the unit is kg (platform-h) -1 ；N Collecting and loading The number of the vehicles for mining and loading operation is the unit of a platform;
step 1.4: determining dust production intensity of transportation operation
Dust generation intensity G in transportation operation Transportation of The following formula is adopted for calculation:
G transportation of ＝0.0079V Steam generator ×M Steam generator 0.85 ×P 0.72 ×N Transportation of
In the formula: g Transportation of The unit is g/s for the dust production strength of the transportation operation; v Steam generator Is the speed of the automobile, and the unit is Km/h; p is the dust amount of the road surface, kg/m 2 ；M Steam generator The weight of the automobile in the transportation operation is t; n is a radical of Transportation of The unit is the number of vehicles;
step 1.5: determining dust production intensity of dumping operation
According to the influence of all factors on the dust generation intensity in the soil discharging operation process, the calculation formula of the dust generation intensity in the soil discharging operation is as follows:
G soil discharging ＝0.0523V Wind power 1.30 ×H 2.01 ×W -1.4 ×S
In the formula: g Soil discharging The dust production intensity for the dumping operation is Kg/s; v Wind power The unit is m/s, which is the wind speed during the dumping operation; h is the unloading height difference, m; w is the water content of the coal mine in the dumping operation, and the unit is; s is daily discharge in m 3 /s；
Step 2: determining dust diffusion model in opencast coal mine production process
Determining a dust diffusion model in the opencast coal mine production process according to the characteristics of the atmospheric environment and the dust source, specifically one of a Gaussian model, a smoking model and a particle model;
and 3, step 3: determining opencast coal mine dust diffusion parameters
Determining the dust diffusion parameters of the opencast coal mine, including wind speed, atmospheric stability parameters and ground roughness;
and 4, step 4: determination of dust spread
And adopting a MatLab programming program to calculate the dust diffusion range, inputting the wind speed, the atmospheric stability parameter, the ground roughness and the dust generation intensity in each action process into the MatLab to obtain two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the dust concentration at each point on the ground.
2. The method for determining the dust dispersion range of an opencut coal mine according to claim 1, wherein in step 1.1, the average dust production of the drilling machine is determined according to the type of the drilling machine and the dust removal efficiency; when the drilling machine is a roller cone drilling machine, the average dust yield of a single roller cone drilling machine is 1-1.1 kg/(table h).
3. The method for determining the dust diffusion range of an opencast coal mine according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.2, the dust concentration of the blasting smoke mass of the mine is determined by multiple factors including blasting method, physicochemical properties of ore rock, blasting dosage and climatic conditions.
4. A method for determining the dust dispersal range of a opencast coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1.4, the main mode of transportation of the opencast coal mine is one or more of automobile transportation, rubber belt transportation and railway transportation.
5. The method for determining the dust diffusion range of the open pit coal mine according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the atmospheric environment is stable and the wind speed is more than or equal to 1m/s, a Gaussian diffusion model is adopted as the dust diffusion model in the open pit coal mine production process.
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