CN106897555A - A kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment - Google Patents
A kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment, belongs to coal mining field of engineering technology；Including：The gaseous environment greenness for setting up open coal mine to be evaluated can open up matter-element model；Domain of definition to each evaluation index is normalized；Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy assessment calculate the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index；According to the comprehensive weight and the degree of association of each evaluation index, Enterprises ' Green Degree grade and the fluctuation tendency belonging to gaseous environment are determined, and formulate open coal mine to be evaluated subsequently exploitation and resolution；The present invention can open up the selection of matter-element model evaluation index and not limited by index type and quantity, solve the problems, such as that qualitative and quantitative target coexists；Being combined step analysis and entropy assessment with game theory carries out weight assignment, both in view of the difference in each mine, carries out reasonable adjusting, and the objective rationality of weight is ensured again；The design level of surface mine can be evaluated, mining design unit and bargh from coal field development initial period reality lasting exploit is instructed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal mining field of engineering technology, and in particular to a kind of evaluation side of open coal mine gaseous environment
Method.
Background technology
At present, the existing open coal mine 405 in the whole nation, wherein 72, the opencut of more than 2,000,000 tons of exploitation scale, 20,000,000
40 more than ton, opencut, the yield of open coal mine accounts for the 14% of national coal total output.China one is still occupied in coal
Under the background of secondary energy-consuming more than 60%, the development maximized along with the continuous lifting of environmental protection ideas and open coal mine becomes
Gesture, strip mining transformation increasingly obtains the concern of the whole society to the destruction problem of environment.As Qian Minggao academician carried first in 2003
Go out the correlative study in terms of the concept of Green Mine, and gradual perfection, open coal mine Green Mine also progressively developing.Big portion
Point scholar think influence of the open coal mine to environment be divided into the influence to solid environment, the influence to water body environment, to Ring
The influence in border, four aspects of influence to ecological environment, and propose the lasting exploit technique of correlation.Wang Jianguo, Song Ziling etc.
Propose to evaluate the influence degree of design for a open pit mine or exploitation to environment with " the green factor " and " greenness ".
For the Mathematical Modeling of environmental evaluation, typically have gray theory method, Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment, fault tree analysis process,
Neural network method etc..But gray theory and accident tree method have the shortcomings that the degree of accuracy is not enough, it is cumbersome to calculate respectively；Fuzzy overall evaluation
Method is difficult to determine weight and degree of membership；Neural network method all influences the accuracy evaluated when not enough and excessive in learning sample.And
The possibility of matter-element model research things expansion and the rule and method of developing can be opened up, the qualitative description to things can be expanded
To quantitative description, calculating process is simple, practical, is a kind of Perfected process of mine environment evaluation.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art is present, the present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment.
Technical scheme：
A kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Setting up the gaseous environment greenness of open coal mine to be evaluated can open up matter-element model, and the model includes to be evaluated
The opinion rating of valency open coal mine gaseous environment greenness, interpretational criteria, the corresponding evaluation index of each interpretational criteria and respectively comment
Domain of definition of the valency grade under each evaluation index；
Step 2：The domain of definition to each evaluation index is normalized respectively, obtains each opinion rating under each evaluation index
Classical field and each evaluation index section domain；
Step 3：Calculating gaseous environment greenness can open up the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index in matter-element model：
Step 3-1：Determine respectively to comment the subjective weight of index using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)：
Step 3-1-1：Set up the comparator matrix of rule layer comparator matrix and each indicator layer；
Step 3-1-2：The judgment matrix of each indicator layer is calculated according to each indicator layer comparator matrix；
Step 3-1-3：The weight of each index is calculated according to judgment matrix；
Step 3-1-4：According to rule layer comparator matrix calculation criterion layer judgment matrix and the weight of each criterion；
Step 3-1-5：Using the product of the corresponding criterion weight of each index weights as each index subjective weight.
Step 3-2：Each evaluation index value of open coal mine to be evaluated is obtained, and calculates its normalized value；
Step 3-3：According to each evaluation index normalized value and each Classical field and section domain in matter-element model can be opened up, using entropy weight
Method determines the objective weight of each evaluation index：
Step 3-3-1：According to each evaluation index value and each Classical field and section domain in matter-element model can be opened up calculate each evaluation and refer to
The degree of association of the mark on opinion rating；
Step 3-3-2：Entropy according to corresponding to each each evaluation index of evaluation index calculation of relationship degree；
Step 3-3-3：The entropy weight that each evaluation index is calculated according to each evaluation index entropy is objective weight.
Step 3-4：According to subjective weight and objective weight, the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index is calculated using game theory.
Step 4：According to the comprehensive weight and the degree of association of each evaluation index, Enterprises ' Green Degree belonging to gaseous environment etc. is determined
Level and fluctuation tendency, and open coal mine to be evaluated subsequently exploitation and resolution are formulated according to opinion rating and fluctuation tendency：
Step 4-1：Calculate open coal mine gaseous environment greenness to be evaluatedWherein, vjIt is evaluation index j
Normalized value, wzjIt is the comprehensive weight of evaluation index j, n is evaluation index number；
Step 4-2：According to each evaluation index comprehensive weight and the degree of association, open coal mine to be evaluated is calculated on each evaluation etc.
The Synthesis Relational Grade of level；
Step 4-3：According to most relevance degree principle, gaseous environment Enterprises ' Green Degree grade i is determined0；
Step 4-4：The grade variable characteristic value i* of Enterprises ' Green Degree grade is calculated, by comparing i* and i0Size judge
The fluctuation tendency of gaseous environment greenness grade；
Step 4-5：Subsequently exploited according to opinion rating and fluctuation tendency regulation accepted opinion valency open coal mine and resolution.
Beneficial effect：A kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment compared with prior art, with following advantage：
(1) greenness is defined as strip mining transformation and the coordination degree of environmental protection, and based on greenness with can open up matter-element
Model, sets up a set of evaluation method to open coal mine gaseous environment, and the mine in production can be evaluated, and guides mine
Enterprise adjusts the mode of production, to reduce the destruction to environment；
(2) selection of matter-element model evaluation index can be opened up not limited by index type and quantity, and is efficiently solved qualitative
The problem coexisted with quantitative target, intuitively evaluation result is reflected by calculating；
(3) analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is subjective weighting method, and entropy assessment is objective weighted model, combines the two with game theory and is weighed
Reassignment, both in view of the difference in each mine, carries out reasonable adjusting, and the objective rationality of weight is ensured again；
(4) design level of surface mine can be evaluated, mining design unit and bargh is instructed from coal field development
Stage beginning reality lasting exploit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the evaluation method flow chart of the open coal mine gaseous environment of one embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
One embodiment of the present invention is elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Present embodiment carries out the evaluation of gaseous environment, the dew to being seated Jin, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia boundary area large outdoors colliery
Far from Beijing 463km, away from Taiyuan 226km, production uses shovel-truck techmologv in its colliery.The t of raw coal output 23,000,000 in 2014, entirely
Ore deposit haul distance 3.42km, full ore deposit discrepancy in elevation 116m.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：It is that can open up the matter-element in matter-element model with open coal mine gaseous environment greenness to be evaluated, sets up to be evaluated
The gaseous environment greenness of open coal mine can open up matter-element model, and the model is by things title N (or thing unit), feature C and amount
Value V is constituted, things title N={ N1, N2..., Ni..., Nm, NiIt is the opinion rating of gaseous environment greenness, feature C={ C1,
C2..., Cj..., Cn, CjTo influence the corresponding evaluation of each interpretational criteria of open coal mine gaseous environment greenness to be evaluated to refer to
Mark, valuevoijIt is i-th opinion rating NiIn j-th evaluation index CjUnder domain of definition, i=
1,2 ..., m, j=1,2 ..., n, m are opinion rating number, and n is evaluation index number；
The influence factor of open coal mine gaseous environment is complicated, according to the research of multidigit scholar in recent years, and is begged for reference to expert
By opinion, the gaseous environment greenness of present embodiment can open up matter-element model R=(N, C, V) with open coal mine gaseous environment green
It is destination layer (O) to spend, using drilling and blasting link, adopt dress link, transit link, casting link and 5 aspects of influence to city as
Rule layer (S) is studied, and filters out 14 evaluation indexes altogether, I grades~V grades 5 opinion ratings, I grades of highest, and V grades minimum, dew
Its coal mine gas environment Enterprises ' Green Degree criterion, evaluation index, opinion rating are divided and opinion rating NiIn evaluation index CjUnder
Domain of definition is as shown in table 1：
The open coal mine gaseous environment greenness of table 1 can open up matter-element model table
There are 5 qualitative evaluation indexs, respectively blasting method C in 14 evaluation indexes2, device type C4, Crushing Station prevent
Dirt facility C8, surface conditions C in ore deposit10With casting mode C11, the classification of each qualitative evaluation index is as shown in table 2 with assignment：
The classification of the qualitative evaluation index of table 2 and assignment table
Step 2：Respectively to each evaluation index CjCorresponding domain of definition is normalized, and determines that each opinion rating exists
Classical field and each evaluation index C under each evaluation indexjSection domain；
In present embodiment, the Classical field that each domain of definition is obtained after normalized is as shown in table 3 with section domain：
The gaseous environment greenness assessment index Classical field of table 3 and section domain table
Step 3：Determine each evaluation criterion weight：
Step 3-1：Calculating gaseous environment greenness can open up the subjective weight of each evaluation index in matter-element model：
Step 3-1-1：Set up rule layer comparator matrix Po-s=[Pss'] and each indicator layer comparator matrix
Wherein,
Wherein, evaluation index jsWith evaluation index j'sIt is the corresponding evaluation indexes of criterion s, js、j's=1,2 ..., ns, ns
It is the evaluation index number of criterion s；
In present embodiment, the importance of each evaluation index of open coal mine to be evaluated is evaluated by expert, constructed
Rule layer comparator matrix and each indicator layer comparator matrix：
Rule layer comparator matrix：
Each indicator layer S1~S5Comparator matrix is respectively：
Step 3-1-2：The judgment matrix of each indicator layer is calculated according to each indicator layer comparator matrixWherein：
Wherein,Be comparator matrix row and,
Step 3-1-3：Calculate the weight of each index
Step 3-1-4：According to step 3-1-2 and the computational methods of step 3-1-3, calculate accurate according to rule layer comparator matrix
The then weight w of layer judgment matrix and each criterions；
Step 3-1-5：By each index weightsCorresponding criterion weight wsIt is multiplied, product wsjAs the master of each index
See weight；
In present embodiment, each evaluation index subjectivity weight matrix Ws=[w are calculatedsj]=[0.092,0.092,
0.092,0.069,0.035,0.194,0.106,0.106,0.032,0.035,0.052,0.052,0.021,0.021]；
Step 3-2：Obtain each evaluation index value v of open coal mine to be evaluatedjAnd its normalized value
Wherein,It is vjValue after normalization, vmax jIt is evaluation index CjDesirable maximum, vmin jIt is evaluation index CjCan
The minimum value for taking；Positive index is CjValue is bigger, and corresponding opinion rating is higher, i.e., gaseous environment greenness is better, reversely refers to
It is designated as CjValue is bigger, and corresponding opinion rating is lower, i.e. gaseous environment greenness is poorer；
In present embodiment, the acquisition methods of each qualitative evaluation desired value are to determine each qualitative evaluation index by table 2
Opinion rating, determines the corresponding domain of definition of each qualitative evaluation index, and be in the range of domain of definition according to opinion rating by table 1
Each qualitative evaluation index assignment.Each evaluation index value and its normalized value are as shown in table 4：
Each desired value of open coal mine to be evaluated of table 4 and its normalized value table
| Evaluation index | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | C9 | C10 | C11 | C12 | C13 | C14 |
| Each desired value | 5 | 88 | 0.4 | 78 | 4 | 3.42 | 116 | 95 | 0 | 88 | 87 | 84 | 226 | 463 |
| Normalized value | 0.95 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.452 | 0.463 |
Step 3-3：According to each evaluation index normalized value and each Classical field and section domain in matter-element model can be opened up, using entropy weight
Method determines the objective weight of each evaluation index：
Step 3-3-1：Calculate degree of association matrix K of each evaluation index on opinion rating1=[ki(vj)]m×n, wherein, ki
(vj) it is the degree of association of j-th evaluation index on opinion rating i：
Wherein,
voijIt is greenness grade NiDomain of definition under j-th index, aoijAnd boijRespectively evaluation index value vjPlace opinion rating
Two end points of Classical field, apjAnd bpjRespectively j-th two end points in the section domain of index；
Present embodiment, is calculated the degree of association of each evaluation index on each opinion rating as shown in table 5：
Association table of each index on opinion rating of table 5
Step 3-3-2：Entropy H according to corresponding to each each evaluation index of evaluation index calculation of relationship degreej：
Wherein：
Step 3-3-3：The entropy weight that each evaluation index is calculated according to each evaluation index entropy is objective weight woj：
Step 3-4：According to subjective weight and objective weight, each evaluation index comprehensive weight w is calculated using game theoryzj：
wzj=awsj+bwoj (8)
Wherein, a and b are the distribution coefficient of weight, a+b=1, and a and b meets below equation：
In present embodiment, a=0.504, b=0.496 are calculated.
The subjective weight w of each evaluation indexsj, objective weight wojAnd comprehensive weight wzjAs shown in table 6：
Each evaluation criterion weight table of table 6
| C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | C9 | C10 | C11 | C12 | C13 | C14 | |
| Wsj | 0.092 | 0.092 | 0.092 | 0.069 | 0.035 | 0.194 | 0.106 | 0.106 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.021 | 0.021 |
| Woj | 0.085 | 0.073 | 0.055 | 0.070 | 0.057 | 0.059 | 0.072 | 0.088 | 0.064 | 0.073 | 0.070 | 0.088 | 0.072 | 0.074 |
| Wzj | 0.089 | 0.083 | 0.074 | 0.069 | 0.046 | 0.127 | 0.090 | 0.097 | 0.048 | 0.054 | 0.061 | 0.070 | 0.046 | 0.047 |
Step 4：According to each evaluation index comprehensive weight and the change value of each evaluation index one, the green belonging to gaseous environment is determined
Degree opinion rating and fluctuation tendency, and open coal mine to be evaluated subsequently exploitation and improvement are formulated according to opinion rating and fluctuation tendency
Scheme：
Step 4-1：Calculate open coal mine gaseous environment greenness S to be evaluated：
In present embodiment, the gaseous environment greenness S=0.780 of open coal mine to be evaluated is calculated.
Step 4-2：Calculate Synthesis Relational Grade matrix K of the open coal mine to be evaluated on opinion rating2=[ki(P)]1×m,
Wherein, ki(P) it is each opinion rating NiSynthesis Relational Grade：
In present embodiment, Synthesis Relational Grade matrix K2=[- 0.185, -0.088, -0.232, -0.475, -0.622].
Step 4-3：According to most relevance degree principle, gaseous environment greenness grade i is determined0：
ki0(P)=max { ki(P)} (12)
In present embodiment, i0=2, i.e. the open coal mine gaseous environment greenness grade are II grades.
Step 4-4：More accurately to judge the gaseous environment greenness grade of the open coal mine, greenness grade is calculated
Grade variable characteristic value i*, by comparing i* and i0Size judge the fluctuation tendency of gaseous environment greenness grade, i* is used
Following formula is calculated：
Wherein,
In present embodiment, the grade variable characteristic value i*=2.164 ＞ i of greenness grade are calculated0, illustrate the dew
Though the gaseous environment greenness in its colliery is II grades, the possibility of oriented III level fluctuation is, it is necessary to take certain measure to consolidate mesh
Preceding recovery method is to the effect acquired by atmospheric environment protection.
Step 4-5：Subsequently exploited according to opinion rating and fluctuation tendency regulation accepted opinion valency open coal mine and resolution；
It is as follows that present embodiment provides mine gaseous environment greenness raising measure to be evaluated：
Upgrading mining type, using semifixed Crushing Station half-continuous process reduction haul distance under monobucket-truck-hole, rationally pacifies
Row's casting program, using casting space, reduce the transport discrepancy in elevation, and improve refuse dump greening degree, improve rendrock oxygen balance
Situation.
After taking raising measure, the gaseous environment greenness in the mine to be evaluated can be promoted to 0.884, Synthesis Relational Grade K2=
[0.077, -0.061, -0.452, -0.672, -0.772], greenness grade is promoted to I grades.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Setting up the gaseous environment greenness of open coal mine to be evaluated can open up matter-element model, and the model includes dew to be evaluated
The opinion rating of its coal mine gas environment greenness, interpretational criteria, the corresponding evaluation index of each interpretational criteria and each evaluate etc.
Domain of definition of the level under each evaluation index；
Step 2：The domain of definition to each evaluation index is normalized respectively, obtains warp of each opinion rating under each evaluation index
Allusion quotation domain and the section domain of each evaluation index；
Step 3：Calculating gaseous environment greenness can open up the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index in matter-element model：
Step 3-1：Determine respectively to comment the subjective weight of index using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)；
Step 3-2：Each evaluation index value of open coal mine to be evaluated is obtained, and calculates its normalized value；
Step 3-3：According to each evaluation index normalized value and each Classical field and section domain in matter-element model can be opened up, it is true using entropy assessment
The objective weight of fixed each evaluation index；
Step 3-4：According to subjective weight and objective weight, the comprehensive weight of each evaluation index is calculated using game theory；
Step 4：According to the comprehensive weight and the degree of association of each evaluation index, determine Enterprises ' Green Degree grade belonging to gaseous environment and
Fluctuation tendency, and open coal mine to be evaluated subsequently exploitation and resolution are formulated according to opinion rating and fluctuation tendency.
2. the evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3-1 tools
Body is：
Step 3-1-1：Set up rule layer comparator matrix and each indicator layer comparator matrix；
Step 3-1-2：The judgment matrix of each indicator layer is calculated according to each indicator layer comparator matrix；
Step 3-1-3：The weight of each index is calculated according to judgment matrix；
Step 3-1-4：According to rule layer comparator matrix calculation criterion layer judgment matrix and the weight of each criterion；
Step 3-1-5：Using the product of the corresponding criterion weight of each index weights as each index subjective weight.
3. the evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3-3 tools
Body is：
Step 3-3-1：According to each evaluation index value and each Classical field and section domain in matter-element model can be opened up calculate each evaluation index and close
In the degree of association of opinion rating；
Step 3-3-2：Entropy according to corresponding to each each evaluation index of evaluation index calculation of relationship degree；
Step 3-3-3：The entropy weight that each evaluation index is calculated according to each evaluation index entropy is objective weight.
4. the evaluation method of open coal mine gaseous environment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4 is specific
For：
Step 4-1：Calculate open coal mine gaseous environment greenness to be evaluatedWherein, vjFor evaluation index j is normalized
Value, wzjIt is the comprehensive weight of evaluation index j, n is evaluation index number；
Step 4-2：The degree of association on opinion rating according to each evaluation index comprehensive weight and each evaluation index, calculates to be evaluated
Synthesis Relational Grade of the open coal mine on each opinion rating；
Step 4-3：According to most relevance degree principle, gaseous environment Enterprises ' Green Degree grade i is determined0；
Step 4-4：The grade variable characteristic value i* of Enterprises ' Green Degree grade is calculated, by comparing i* and i0Size judge gas
The fluctuation tendency of environment greenness grade；
Step 4-5：Subsequently exploited and resolution according to opinion rating and the fixed open coal mine to be evaluated of fluctuation tendency regulation.
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| CN112183950A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-05 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Air quality evaluation model, model construction method and application thereof |
| CN112183950B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2023-09-26 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Air quality evaluation model, model construction method and application thereof |
| CN112766790A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-07 | 安徽工业大学 | Steel enterprise green degree evaluation method based on AHP-entropy |
| CN113011635A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-22 | 重庆大学 | Coal and coalbed methane coupling coordination development device and method |
| CN113011635B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-09-16 | 重庆大学 | Coal and coalbed methane coupling coordination development device and method |
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