CN110412357B - Device and method for testing liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility - Google Patents

Device and method for testing liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility Download PDF

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CN110412357B
CN110412357B CN201910663172.XA CN201910663172A CN110412357B CN 110412357 B CN110412357 B CN 110412357B CN 201910663172 A CN201910663172 A CN 201910663172A CN 110412357 B CN110412357 B CN 110412357B
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electrode
liquid dielectric
carrier mobility
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dielectric medium
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CN110412357A (en
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成立
程之栋
杨丽君
廖瑞金
王琳
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Chongqing University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2617Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a device and a method for testing the carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium, wherein the testing device comprises: the device comprises a direct current power supply, a test unit, an ammeter and a processing unit; the testing unit comprises a cavity, a first electrode, a second electrode and an ultraviolet light emitter; the first electrode and the second electrode are oppositely arranged in the cavity; the ultraviolet light emitter extends into the cavity, and the emitted ultraviolet light irradiates the first electrode; the ultraviolet light emitter is connected with the processing unit; the first electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through an ammeter; the second electrode is connected with the anode of the direct current power supply, and the ammeter is connected with the processing unit; the processing unit is used for controlling the emission of ultraviolet light; the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium is calculated from the current signal of the current meter. The testing device and the testing method provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the testing of the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility under high electric field intensity, and more truly reflect the electric performance parameters of the liquid dielectric medium under the actual working state.

Description

Device and method for testing liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of liquid dielectric medium testing, in particular to a device and a method for testing the carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium.
Background
The carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium is an important electrical property parameter of the liquid dielectric medium, the existing measurement method for the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium is mature, and a relevant mature test system and a relevant mature test method are provided at home and abroad aiming at the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium.
In the prior art, the liquid dielectric carrier testing system mainly adopts a column-shaped or flat-plate-shaped three-electrode domestically and internationally, and a polarity inversion voltage is applied to a sample, and a polarity inversion voltage method testing schematic diagram and a carrier mobility reading method are shown in fig. 6, wherein U isCFor applying voltage, I is current, at tCThe voltage polarity reversal operation is started at the time tTOFIs the carrier transit time. And the carrier migration time is the time required for the current amplitude to reach the peak value from the 0-passing moment after the voltage polarity is reversed, and finally the average mobility of the liquid carrier is obtained by calculation.
The prior art scheme is mainly applied to testing the intrinsic carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium under low electric field strength, the testing voltage is usually small (less than 30V/mm), the carrier migration speed is low and the time is long under the low electric field strength, and the time for changing an electrode can be ignored. The working electric field intensity of the engineering dielectric medium is often higher, and in the test under high electric field intensity, the carrier migration speed is high, the time is short, and the time of polarity change is overlapped with the migration time. In addition, in the prior art, due to the fact that harmonic waves are generated in the polarity inversion process, current images are interfered, the migration time of carriers cannot be obtained, and therefore the migration rate of the carriers cannot be calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
The device and the method for testing the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility provided by the embodiment of the invention realize the testing of the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility under high electric field strength, and more truly reflect the electrical performance parameters of the liquid dielectric medium under the actual working state.
To achieve the purpose, in one aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for liquid dielectric carrier mobility test, including:
the device comprises a direct current power supply, a test unit, an ammeter and a processing unit;
the testing unit comprises a cavity, a first electrode, a second electrode and an ultraviolet light emitter;
the cavity is used for containing a liquid dielectric medium to be tested; the first electrode and the second electrode are fixed in the cavity and are arranged oppositely; the ultraviolet light emitter extends into the cavity, and ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light emitter irradiates the first electrode; the ultraviolet light emitter is connected with the processing unit; the first electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through the ammeter; the second electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply, and the ammeter is connected with the processing unit;
the processing unit is used for controlling the ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light emitter; and calculating the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the current signal of the current meter.
Optionally, the test unit further comprises a guard electrode; the protective electrode is fixed in the cavity and surrounds the periphery of the first electrode; the guard electrode is grounded.
Optionally, the voltage range of the dc voltage is 0.1 to 40 KV.
Optionally, the apparatus further includes a protection resistor, and the positive electrode of the dc power supply is connected to the second electrode through the protection resistor.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises an incubator;
the cavity is located in the incubator.
Optionally, the temperature range of the incubator is 20 ℃ to 90 ℃.
Optionally, the first electrode and/or the second electrode are fixed on the cavity wall of the cavity through an adjusting rod, and a distance between the first electrode and/or the second electrode and the cavity wall of the cavity is adjustable, so that the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is adjustable.
Optionally, the cavity comprises an illumination channel; the ultraviolet light emitter extends into the cavity through the irradiation channel.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for testing the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium, which comprises the following steps:
applying a test voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode by a direct current power supply and keeping the test voltage for a preset time;
the ultraviolet light emitter emits ultraviolet light to irradiate the first electrode;
and the processing unit calculates the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the current signal of the current meter.
Optionally, the calculating, by the processing unit, the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric to be measured according to the current signal of the current meter includes:
the processing unit draws a current curve according to the current signal of the current meter. And obtaining the carrier migration time t of the measured liquid dielectric medium according to the current curveTOF
The processing unit calculates the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the following formula:
K=d2/UctTOF
wherein K is the solution to be testedCarrier mobility of the bulk dielectric, tTOFTo measure the carrier migration time of the liquid dielectric, Uc is the test voltage and d is the distance between the first and second electrodes.
According to the device and the method for testing the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility, the processing unit controls ultraviolet light to irradiate the first electrode to excite electrons to migrate, the problem that the reading of the liquid dielectric medium carrier migration time is inaccurate due to the fact that a polarity inversion method is applied under the condition of high electric field intensity is solved, and the purpose of truly reflecting the electric performance parameters of the liquid dielectric medium under the working state of the high electric field intensity is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a liquid dielectric carrier mobility testing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the test unit in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a device for testing carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the test unit in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a liquid dielectric carrier mobility testing method provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the prior art for testing the carrier mobility of liquid dielectric by voltage polarity inversion.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of measuring the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium by using an ultraviolet excitation method in the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved by the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a device for testing carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure of a test unit in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the device for testing carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium includes:
the device comprises a direct current power supply 1, a test unit 4, an ammeter 5 and a processing unit 6;
the test unit comprises a cavity 17, a first electrode 9, a second electrode 10 and an ultraviolet light emitter 16;
a cavity 17 for containing the liquid dielectric 7 to be tested; the first electrode 9 and the second electrode 10 are both fixed in the cavity 17, and the first electrode 9 and the second electrode 10 are oppositely arranged; the ultraviolet light emitter 16 extends into the cavity 17, and ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light emitter 16 irradiates the first electrode 9; the ultraviolet light emitter 16 is connected with the processing unit 6; the first electrode 9 is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply 1 through the ammeter 5; the second electrode 10 is connected to the positive electrode of the dc power supply 1, and the ammeter 5 is connected to the processing unit 6.
The processing unit 6 is used for controlling the ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light emitter 16; the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric 7 to be measured is calculated from the current signal of the current meter 5.
In the embodiment of the invention, a test voltage is provided by a direct current power supply 1, an ultraviolet light emitter 16 is connected with a processing unit 6 and is used for emitting ultraviolet light with a certain frequency and waveform, when the ultraviolet light irradiates a first electrode 9, the first electrode is excited to generate electrons, an ammeter 5 connected with the first electrode 9 collects current signals, the ammeter 5 sends the current signals to the processing unit 6 connected with the ammeter 5, and the processing unit 6 draws a current curve according to the current signals, so that the time for carrier migration is read out, and the mobility is calculated. Compared with the prior art, the device for testing the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the carrier migration speed is very high under the condition of high electric field intensity, and if the method for testing the carrier mobility by polarity inversion is adopted, the reading of the carrier migration time can be influenced by the polarity inversion time. Therefore, the method for exciting electrons by irradiating the first electrode 9 with ultraviolet light in the embodiment of the present invention replaces a method for testing the carrier mobility by polarity inversion, can test the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium under high electric field strength, and solves the problem that the test of the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium under the condition of high electric field strength is not accurate.
Optionally, the ammeter 5 may be a micro-galvanometer with a higher resolution and capable of reading the pA-level electrical signal, thereby improving the test accuracy.
Alternatively, the first electrode 9 is made of highly polished aluminum.
Example two
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for testing carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium according to a second embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the testing unit in fig. 3, and as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the testing unit 4 further includes a guard electrode 11; the protective electrode 11 is fixed in the cavity 17 and surrounds the periphery of the first electrode 9; the guard electrode 11 is grounded.
The guard electrode 11 is fixed inside the cavity 17 and grounded through the outgoing cable 14. The influence of the electric field distortion on the test result of the outer edge of the second electrode 10 can be inhibited through the protective electrode 11, and the test accuracy is improved.
Optionally, the voltage range of the dc power supply is 0.1 to 40 KV.
The voltage range of the direct current power supply is 0.1-40KV, and the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility testing device can be used for testing the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility under low electric field intensity and testing the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility under high electric field intensity.
Optionally, the device for testing the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium further includes a protection resistor 2, and the positive electrode of the dc power supply 1 is connected to the second electrode 10 through the protection resistor 2.
The protective resistor 2 is connected in series in the test circuit, when the liquid dielectric medium is broken down, the protective resistor 2 can protect the ammeter 5, the ammeter 5 is prevented from being damaged due to overlarge current, and the safety of the whole experiment is improved.
Optionally, the apparatus for testing carrier mobility of liquid dielectric further includes an oven 3, and the cavity 17 includes: the container tank body 8, the insulating base 12 and the container tank cover body 13, and the cavity 17 is positioned in the constant temperature box 3.
The container body 8 and the insulating base 12 are both made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials, play a supporting role for the first electrode 9, and simultaneously contain the liquid dielectric medium 7 to be detected. The cavity 17 is placed in the incubator 3, the incubator 3 is used for controlling the temperature of the liquid dielectric medium during testing, and the testing device for the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility can test the carrier mobility at different temperatures.
Optionally, oven 3 is connected to processing unit 6, and the temperature of oven 3 is controlled by processing unit 6.
Alternatively, the temperature of the incubator 3 ranges from 20 ℃ to 90 ℃.
Optionally, the first electrode and/or the second electrode are fixed on the cavity wall of the cavity through an adjusting rod, and a distance between the first electrode and/or the second electrode and the cavity wall of the cavity is adjustable, so that the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is adjustable.
For example, referring to fig. 4, the adjusting rod 18 is threaded, the adjusting rod 18 passes through the tank cover 13 and is fixed by two nuts 19, and the distance between the second electrode 10 and the first electrode 9 can be adjusted by the adjusting rod 18 extending and contracting up and down, and is fixed by the nuts 19.
In fig. 4, the first electrode 9 is fixed on the wall of the cavity 17, the distance between the first electrode 9 and the wall of the cavity 17 is not adjustable, and the distance between the first electrode 9 and the second electrode 10 is adjusted only by adjusting the distance between the second electrode 10 and the wall of the cavity 17 (the cover 13 of the container tank). In other embodiments, it is also possible to adjust the distance between the first electrode 9 and the second electrode 10 by adjusting the distance between the first electrode 9 and the wall of the cavity 17. Or the distance between the first electrode 9 and the wall of the cavity 17 and the distance between the second electrode 10 and the wall of the cavity 17 are adjusted simultaneously, so as to adjust the distance between the first electrode 9 and the second electrode 10.
By adjusting the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility under different distances can be tested, the distance between the two electrodes in the testing process is accurately controlled, the testing range of the test is expanded, and the experimental accuracy is improved.
Optionally, the cavity 17 comprises an illumination channel 15; the uv light emitters 16 extend through the illumination channel 15 into the cavity 17.
As shown in fig. 4, the irradiation channel 15 is disposed obliquely above the right of the first electrode 9, and the irradiation channel 15 is disposed obliquely above the first electrode 9, so that ultraviolet light can be accurately irradiated on the first electrode 9, and electrons can be accurately excited to migrate.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for testing carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, a method for testing carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric, which employs any one of the above devices for testing carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric, includes:
s101, a direct current power supply applies a test voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode and keeps the test voltage for a preset time.
And switching on a direct current power supply, optionally presetting any one of 1min, 30min, 1h and the like, applying a test voltage in advance and keeping the preset time so as to stabilize the current in the liquid dielectric medium, eliminating the influence of the motion electrons on the test and improving the test accuracy. The preset time may be specifically set according to the kind of the liquid dielectric medium to be tested, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.
And S102, the ultraviolet light emitter emits ultraviolet light to irradiate the first electrode.
After the preset time, the processing unit applies a pulse signal to the ultraviolet light emitter, the ultraviolet light emitter is controlled to emit ultraviolet light, and the ultraviolet light irradiates the first electrode to excite electrons to migrate. The processing unit applies pulse signals to the ultraviolet light emitter, the processing unit can accurately adjust the emission frequency and the irradiation time of ultraviolet light, and the test controllability is improved.
And S103, calculating the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the current signal of the current meter by the processing unit.
Optionally, the processing unit draws a current curve according to the current signal of the current meter. And obtaining the carrier migration time t of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the current curveTOF
The processing unit calculates the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the following formula:
K=d2/UctTOF
where K is the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric to be measured, tTOFTo measure the carrier migration time of the liquid dielectric, Uc is the test voltage and d is the distance between the first and second electrodes.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the method for testing the mobility of carriers in the liquid dielectric medium by using the ultraviolet excitation method in the third embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 7, Uc is the test voltage, I is the current, after the pre-pressing time elapses, the current between the electrodes reaches the steady state value, and at tcAt the moment, ultraviolet light is utilized to irradiate the first electrode to excite carriers, the current amplitude rises from a steady state to a peak value and finally falls to the steady state, and the migration time tTOFThe time taken for the current amplitude to rise from the steady state to the peak value is determined, after the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is determined, according to the formula K-d2/UctTOFThe liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility is calculated, the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility measured by the ultraviolet excitation method meets the requirement of accurate measurement under the condition of high electric field intensity, and electrical performance parameters of the liquid dielectric medium in the actual working state are reflected more truly.
Optionally, by controlling the test voltage and the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the liquid dielectric carrier mobility can be tested by tapping in a range of electric field strength, for example, the electric field strength is in a range of 0.1kV/mm to 10 kV/mm. When the test is carried out in the range, the test current signal is relatively stable, and no obvious discharge condition exists in the liquid dielectric medium in the corresponding areas of the first electrode and the second electrode.
Optionally, the following preparation may be performed before the test:
before the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility test is carried out, the first electrode is cleaned, and a solvent for cleaning the first electrode at least meets the requirement of industrial purity and is stored in a brown glass bottle. Impurities such as hydrocarbon oils and silicone oils on the first electrode are typically washed with hydrocarbon solvents such as solvent gasoline, toluene, petroleum ether, and the like.
Before the liquid dielectric medium to be detected is injected into the cavity, the first electrode and the whole cavity need to be cleaned, cleaning is carried out by using a cleaner with better volatility, then cleaning is carried out by using distilled water after cleaning by using the cleaner, and finally drying is carried out in a blowing drying oven at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 1 h.
Requirements for liquid medium sampling: the method is carried out according to the sampling method standard of the liquid dielectric medium to be tested, and the sample is ensured not to be polluted and moistened.
Requirement for liquid medium injection into the vessel: open the container tank lid body of cavity, slowly pour the liquid dielectric that awaits measuring along the chamber wall, bubble appears in the pouring in-process as far as possible, pour into the liquid dielectric that awaits measuring into, put into the thermostat with the cavity and control the temperature after, when the temperature reachs preset experimental temperature, the connecting cable prepares the test, when the test, strictly control the temperature of testing, through the temperature variation trend of temperature sensor control test electrode near region, wait that the temperature fluctuation is less than 1K rear and can test.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A device for testing the mobility of liquid dielectric carriers, comprising:
the device comprises a direct current power supply, a test unit, an ammeter and a processing unit;
the testing unit comprises a cavity, a first electrode, a second electrode and an ultraviolet light emitter;
the cavity is used for containing a liquid dielectric medium to be tested; the first electrode and the second electrode are fixed in the cavity and are arranged oppositely; the ultraviolet light emitter extends into the cavity, and ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light emitter irradiates the first electrode; the ultraviolet light emitter is connected with the processing unit; the first electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the direct current power supply through the ammeter; the second electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the direct current power supply, and the ammeter is connected with the processing unit;
the processing unit is used for controlling the ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light emitter; calculating the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the current signal of the current meter;
the first electrode and/or the second electrode are/is fixed on the cavity wall of the cavity through an adjusting rod, and the distance between the first electrode and/or the second electrode and the cavity wall of the cavity is adjustable, so that the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is adjustable, and the liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility under different distances is tested;
the cavity is located the thermostated container, the thermostated container is used for controlling the temperature of liquid dielectric medium when testing, the testing arrangement of liquid dielectric medium carrier mobility passes through carrier mobility under the thermostated container test different temperatures.
2. The device for testing liquid dielectric carrier mobility according to claim 1, wherein the test unit further comprises a guard electrode; the protective electrode is fixed in the cavity and surrounds the periphery of the first electrode; the guard electrode is grounded.
3. The device for testing carrier mobility in liquid dielectric according to claim 1, wherein the dc voltage is in a voltage range of 0.1 to 40 KV.
4. The device for testing the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric according to claim 1, further comprising a protection resistor, wherein the positive electrode of the direct current power supply is connected with the second electrode through the protection resistor.
5. The device for testing carrier mobility in liquid dielectric according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of said incubator ranges from 20 ℃ to 90 ℃.
6. The device for testing carrier mobility in liquid dielectric according to claim 1, wherein the cavity comprises an irradiation channel; the ultraviolet light emitter extends into the cavity through the irradiation channel.
7. A method for measuring the carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium, which uses the apparatus for measuring the carrier mobility of a liquid dielectric medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
applying a test voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode by a direct current power supply and keeping the test voltage for a preset time;
the ultraviolet light emitter emits ultraviolet light to irradiate the first electrode;
and the processing unit calculates the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the current signal of the current meter.
8. The method for testing the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step of calculating the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be tested according to the current signal of the current meter by the processing unit comprises the following steps:
the processing unit draws a current curve according to a current signal of the ammeter and obtains the carrier migration time t of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the current curveTOF
The processing unit calculates the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric medium to be measured according to the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
where K is the carrier mobility of the liquid dielectric to be measured, tTOFTo measure the carrier migration time of the liquid dielectric, Uc is the test voltage and d is the distance between the first and second electrodes.
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