CN110407997A - 一种无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110407997A
CN110407997A CN201910676667.6A CN201910676667A CN110407997A CN 110407997 A CN110407997 A CN 110407997A CN 201910676667 A CN201910676667 A CN 201910676667A CN 110407997 A CN110407997 A CN 110407997A
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杨凯
陈鸿飞
倪长亮
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Nantong Wanshun Chemical Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂以及制备方法,包含主剂A组分和固化剂B组分,所述主剂A组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:聚醚多元醇3000 95‑97份;聚醚多元醇2000 14‑16份;MDI‑50 24‑26份;二甘醇2‑4份;所述固化剂B组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:MDI‑50 74‑76份;六亚甲基二异氰酸酯14‑16份;二甘醇9‑11份;有机催化剂4‑6份;所述无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂制备时,主剂A组分和固化剂B组分的质量比为1~3:1~3。本发明的优点在于:本发明无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法,能够提高产品粘结力以及剥离强度。

Description

一种无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于合成革技术领域,特别涉及一种无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯又被称为聚氨基甲酸酯,它是由异氰酸酯和多元醇进行反应得到的一种聚合物。主要的结构特征在于其分子中含有氨基甲酸酯基团。聚氨酯是异氰酸酯基和多羟基化合物中的羟基反应生成—NHCOO—基团合成的,即氨基甲酸酯基团。
因为聚氨酯树脂的分子结构特性 ,即结构内部的NCO官能团能与许多活泼官能团化学键结合,使得它能拥有良好的粘接性能。
聚氨酯粉末涂料/聚氨酯(PU)合成革和水性聚氨酯涂料是目前市场上重点需要开发的聚氨酯树脂种类。油漆类中聚氨酯树脂涂料的功能优秀而全面,因此会有越来越多的高功能的聚氨酯树脂类防腐蚀涂料面世,发展前景十分宽广。聚氨酯(PU)合成革是通过面层树脂和湿法坯革黏合的方法进行生产制备,并且出具有真皮外观和真皮触感效果的柔性复合材料,因此聚氨酯(PU)合成革在家具、装饰、包装材料上应用广泛。
与其他的纺织产品类似,在使用过程中聚氨酯(PU)合成革与人体衣服直接接触的产品一般均采用威士伯耐磨性能以此来表征耐磨水平,所以聚氨酯合成革产品为达到较好的威士伯耐磨性能,通常会需要选择耐磨性能好的聚氨酯面层树脂。同时目前已知的软段采用聚碳酸酯二醇(PCD)为原料合成的聚氨酯面层树脂其制作的合成革耐磨性能较为优异,所以大多用于高端合成革产品。而且目前大多数的PU合成革仍然在采用使用大量有机溶剂的溶剂型生产体系。这样会使用大量的有机溶剂,难以控制容易产生一定的环境污染问题。
随着当前环境问题的日趋严重,采用无溶剂的聚氨酯合成革树脂替代溶剂型树脂也就应运而生。
所谓无溶剂聚氨酯合成革就是采用无溶剂的聚氨酯树脂为主要原料,同时在合成革的生产环节也不加溶剂而制得的合成革产品,因为全程无溶剂的参与,所以由溶剂带来的环境问题自然应声而解。
经检索,专利CN 108276761 A公开了一种无溶剂合成革的聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法和应用,所述树脂A组分含有重量百分比为30%~45%的聚醚酯多元醇-多异氰酸酯预聚体、重量百分比50%~65%的聚醚多元醇A和重量百分比0.3%~2.0%的水,所述的树脂B组分含有重量百分比为20%~60%的二异氰酸酯;该发明无溶剂合成革的聚氨酯树脂在生产合成革时只需刮涂一刀无溶剂树脂,即可拥有面层、粘结层和发泡层结构,工艺过程简单,且物理机械性能优;但是该发明技术方案仍存在一定的缺陷:无溶剂合成革的聚氨酯树脂中的树脂A组分和树脂B组分只是简单的混合,没有实质性反应,使得无溶剂合成革的聚氨酯树脂的粘结力欠佳;此外,由于树脂A组分和树脂B组分两者混合,开放时间短,后期两者之间无法成膜,进而造成聚氨酯树脂的剥离强度低。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够提高产品粘结力以及剥离强度的无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:一种无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂,其创新点在于:包含主剂A组分和固化剂B组分,
所述主剂A组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:
聚醚多元醇3000 95-97份;
聚醚多元醇2000 14-16份;
MDI-50 24-26份;
二甘醇 2-4份;
所述固化剂B组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:
MDI-50 74-76份;
六亚甲基二异氰酸酯 14-16份;
二甘醇 9-11份;
有机催化剂 4-6份;
其中,有机催化剂选用有机铋、有机锶、有机锌、有机锰或有机锡中的一种或几种;所述无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂制备时,主剂A组分和固化剂B组分的质量比为1~3:1~3。
进一步地,所述二甘醇采用分析纯二甘醇,其他原料采用工业级原料。
一种上述的无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其创新点在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:主剂A组分的制备:向回流装置中投入聚醚多元醇3000、聚醚多元醇2000和二甘醇,升温至80~90℃,保温反应2~5小时,后降温至50~60℃,加入MDI-50,搅拌均匀,即制得主剂A组分,密封包装待用;
步骤2:固化剂B组分的制备:将MDI-50、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二甘醇、有机催化剂按上述质量比例称取一公斤原料进行混合均匀,即得到固化剂B组分,密封包装待用;
步骤3:将步骤1制得的主剂A组分和步骤2制得的固化剂B组分按照1~3:1~3的质量比进行搅拌均匀,即制得无溶剂合成革用聚
氨酯树脂。
本发明的优点在于:本发明无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法,通过选用可相互反应的主剂A组分和固化剂B组分,并严格控制主剂A组分和固化剂B组分中各原料的质量比,可有效增加无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂的粘结力;同时,在固化剂B组分中增加有机催化剂,且适当增加原料组分中聚醚多元醇的含量,在主剂A组分和固化剂B组分混合开放时间长的条件下,后固化速度快,便于后期两者之间成膜,进而可以增加无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂的剥离强度。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂的制备方法中A组分含量与峰值力的关系图。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本专业的技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例
本实施例无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂,包含主剂A组分和固化剂B组分。
主剂A组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:聚醚多元醇3000 95-97份;聚醚多元醇2000 14-16份;MDI-50 24-26份;二甘醇 2-4份。
固化剂B组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:MDI-50 74-76份;六亚甲基二异氰酸酯14-16份;二甘醇 9-11份;有机催化剂 4-6份。
其中,有机催化剂选用有机铋、有机锶、有机锌、有机锰或有机锡中的一种或几种;所述无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂制备时,主剂A组分和固化剂B组分的质量比为1~3:1~3。
作为本实施例,具体实施时,
主剂A组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:聚醚多元醇3000 96份;聚醚多元醇2000 15份;MDI-50 25份;二甘醇3份。
固化剂B组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:MDI-50 75份;六亚甲基二异氰酸酯15份;二甘醇10份;有机铋5份。
无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂制备时,主剂A组分和固化剂B组分的质量比为1~3:1~3。
本实施例中主剂A组分中各原料选用,见下表1。
表1 无溶剂聚氨酯合成革用主剂A组分(主剂)原料表
本实施例中固化剂B组分中各原料选用,见下表2。
表2 无溶剂聚氨酯合成革用树脂B组分(固化剂)原料表
本实施例无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:主剂A组分的制备:向回流装置中投入690.65g聚醚多元醇3000、107.91g聚醚多元醇2000和21.58g二甘醇,升温至80~90℃,保温反应2h,后降温至50~60℃,加179.86gMDI-50,搅拌均匀,即制得主剂组分,密封包装待用;
步骤2:固化剂B组分的制备:将MDI-50、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、
二甘醇、有机铋按75:15:10:5的质量比例称取一公斤原料进行混合均匀,即得到固化剂B组分,密封包装待用;
步骤3:将步骤1制得的主剂A组分和步骤2制得的固化剂B组分按照1~3:1~3的质量比进行搅拌均匀,即制得无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂。
剥离强度的测定
将制取的各比例的无溶剂聚氨酯合成革用树脂均匀涂布成胶带,按照标准剪取25mm宽的胶带进行剥离强度测试。
剥离强度是指粘贴在一起的材料,从接触面进行单位宽度剥离时所需要的最大力。剥离时角度有90度或180度,单位为:牛顿/米(N/m)。它反映材料的粘结强度。使用SUNS-ZY-2000系统对不同比例的无溶剂聚氨酯合成革用树脂进行剥离强度的测试。
AB组分比例对无溶剂聚氨酯合成革用树脂峰值力的影响,见下表3。
表3 AB组分对峰值力的影响
由图1结果表明组分A的含量过少时随着组分A的增加峰值力逐渐加大,但当组分A达到50%以后随着组分A的增加又出现了峰值力向下降后上升的趋势;当组分A大于63%以后随着A组分的不断增多峰值力不断提高。
可以根据此图得出结论,组分A的含量越高制成的产物树脂的粘结力越强。
AB组分比例对无溶剂聚氨酯合成革用树脂位移的影响,见下表4。
表4 AB组分对位移的影响
由上表可以看出,组分A的含量小于40%时,组分A越少剥离强度越高,在组分A含量趋于40%-60%之间时50%左右剥离强度最佳;当组分A含量大于60%以后组分A含量越高剥离强度越低。
综上可以得出,需要最大粘结力时可以适当扩大组分A在无溶剂聚氨酯合成革树脂中的含量以达到需要效果。
综上所述,当有机铋与HDI相同时过少的聚醚多元醇会降低产物聚氨酯树脂的剥离强度,当聚醚多元醇达到60%以上时随着聚醚多元醇的增加,产物的剥离强度不断增加。当聚醚多元醇达到75%以上时,树脂剥离强度达到胶带拉断。即具有很高的剥离强度,可以作为优秀的粘合树脂使用。
综合实验结果可以得出:当聚醚多元醇保持不变时,增加有机铋和HDI的使用量对于产物无溶剂型聚氨酯树脂的剥离强度影响效果不大,但过多的有机铋和HDI使用会急剧拉高生产成本。
由本实施例的实验数据可以得出,由2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与4,4'- 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物、聚醚多元醇3000、聚醚多元醇2000和二甘醇组成的组分A三倍于由六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与4,4'- 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物、二甘醇和有机铋组成的组分B即可得到性能最佳的无溶剂型聚氨酯树脂。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:包含主剂A组分和固化剂B组分,
所述主剂A组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:
聚醚多元醇3000 95-97份;
聚醚多元醇2000 14-16份;
MDI-50 24-26份;
二甘醇 2-4份;
所述固化剂B组分,由下列质量份的原料制得:
MDI-50 74-76份;
六亚甲基二异氰酸酯 14-16份;
二甘醇 9-11份;
有机催化剂 4-6份;
其中,有机催化剂选用有机铋、有机锶、有机锌、有机锰或有机锡中的一种或几种;所述无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂制备时,主剂A组分和固化剂B组分的质量比为1~3:1~3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:所述二甘醇采用分析纯二甘醇,其他原料采用工业级原料。
3.一种权利要求1所述的无溶剂合成革用聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:主剂A组分的制备:向回流装置中投入聚醚多元醇3000、聚醚多元醇2000和二甘醇,升温至80~90℃,保温反应2~5小时,后降温至50~60℃,加入MDI-50,搅拌均匀,即制得主剂A组分,密封包装待用;
步骤2:固化剂B组分的制备:将MDI-50、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、
二甘醇、有机催化剂按上述质量比例称取一公斤原料进行混合
均匀,即得到固化剂B组分,密封包装待用;
步骤3:将步骤1制得的主剂A组分和步骤2制得的固化剂B组分
按照1~3:1~3的质量比进行搅拌均匀,即制得无溶剂合成革用聚
氨酯树脂。
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