CN110407571B - Method for manufacturing electrothermal sintered solid, product and application method - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing electrothermal sintered solid, product and application method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A process for preparing the electrothermal sintered solid includes such steps as mixing the precursor of insulating material with the solution of high-polymer containing carbon to obtain mixture, converting the mixture to shaped body, laying aside the shaped body without loosening, sintering the shaped body under oxygen-isolating condition until the solute in the solution of high-polymer containing carbon is carbonized to become electric conductor, solidifying the precursor of insulating material to become non-conductive insulator, and sintering. The electric heating utilization ratio of this design is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production process of an electric heating material, in particular to a manufacturing method, a product and an application method of an electric heating type sintered solid, which are particularly suitable for improving the electric heating utilization rate.
Background
In the existing floor heating, a heating wire (the heating wire is composed of a metal resistance wire or carbon fiber) is usually buried under a ceramic tile, and the heating wire is electrified to heat and emit heat to the indoor space through the surface of the ceramic tile to heat and preserve heat indoors. The process of electrifying and heating has the following defects: firstly, the electric heating utilization rate is not high, and an interlayer heat obstruction can be formed between a heating layer formed by a heating wire and the ceramic tile; secondly, the construction is complex, the heating wire needs to be embedded in the deep part, and the construction is layered, so that the period is long; and thirdly, the construction layer is thick, and the indoor height is reduced.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the patent application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and problems of low electric heating utilization rate in the prior art, and provides a manufacturing method, a product and an application method of an electric heating type sintered solid with high electric heating utilization rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows: a method for manufacturing an electrothermal sintered solid, comprising the steps of:
firstly, mixing an insulating material precursor and a carbon-containing high polymer solution with each other to obtain a mixture, then converting the mixture into a forming body, standing the forming body without loosening, then sintering the forming body under an oxygen isolation condition until solute in the carbon-containing high polymer solution is carbonized into a conductor and the insulating material precursor is solidified into a non-conductive insulator, and then finishing sintering, and at the moment, obtaining the electrothermal type sintered solid;
the method for transferring the mixture into the formed body comprises the following steps: if the mixture is loose when standing, the mixture is pressed and molded to obtain a molded body, and if the mixture is not loose when standing, the mixture is directly used as the molded body;
the insulating material precursor is a mud-shaped substance, a powder-shaped substance or a mixture of the mud-shaped substance and the powder-shaped substance, and the mud-shaped substance is obtained by mixing the powder-shaped substance and water.
The solute of the carbon-containing polymer solution is any one of phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyacrylonitrile, benzenedicarboxamide, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, lignin and silk fibroin.
The mass percentage concentration of the carbon-containing high polymer solution is 5% -50%.
The method for mixing the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a mixture and converting the mixture into the molded body refers to any one of the following four processes:
a, laying a bottom layer insulating material precursor, arranging a layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution on the bottom layer insulating material precursor, covering the top layer insulating material precursor on the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a mixture, wherein the top layer insulating material precursor and the bottom layer insulating material precursor are contacted with each other, and then pressing and forming the mixture to obtain a formed body;
b, firstly, pressing and forming an insulating material precursor to obtain a blank body, wherein the blank body is not loosened when standing, then the whole blank body is placed into a carbon-containing high polymer solution, then a space where the blank body and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are shared is vacuumized until the carbon-containing high polymer solution permeates into the blank body to obtain an impregnated body, and then the impregnated body is taken out from the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a formed body;
placing an insulating material precursor in a container, adding a carbon-containing high polymer solution into the insulating material precursor, stirring, mixing or ball-milling and mixing until the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a flexible body, standing the flexible body without loosening, and performing dry pressing or wet molding on the flexible body to obtain a molded body;
and D, simultaneously spraying the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution into a sealed container, wherein the spraying directions of the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are mutually crossed, mixing the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution in the container to obtain a mixture, and after stopping spraying, pressing and molding the obtained mixture to obtain a molded body.
In the process A, after pressure-bearing diffusion, the carbon-containing high polymer solution permeates into the top layer insulating material precursor and the bottom layer insulating material precursor which are adjacent to each other to form an upper permeation region and a lower permeation region, wherein the upper permeation region extends to the top surface of the top layer insulating material precursor, and the lower permeation region extends to the bottom surface of the bottom layer insulating material precursor.
The powder is powder made of raw materials for manufacturing pottery, porcelain, glass or cement.
The powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-30 parts of aluminum oxide and 2-20 parts of residual materials, wherein the residual materials are any one or any combination of sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide and titanium dioxide.
The oxygen isolation conditions are as follows: the molded body is enclosed in inert gas, or the molded body is enclosed in charcoal powder, or the space around the molded body is vacuumized.
An electrothermal sintered solid is prepared by the method for preparing the electrothermal sintered solid.
An application method of an electrothermal sintering solid comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining the electrothermal type sintered solid, then coating conductive adhesive on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the electrothermal type sintered solid to obtain a coated colloid, and then electrifying two ends of the coated colloid to realize electrifying and heating, or firstly, connecting a plurality of coated colloids in series to obtain a series body, and then electrifying two ends of the series body to realize electrifying and heating; the electrified voltage is not higher than 220V.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrothermal sintering solid, a product and an application method thereof, wherein an insulating material precursor and a carbon-containing high polymer solution are mixed with each other to obtain a mixture, the mixture is converted into a forming body, the forming body is not loosened when standing, then, carbonization of solute in the carbon-containing high polymer solution and solidification of the insulating material precursor are completed together when sintering, so that an insulator with electric conductors distributed inside is obtained, namely the electrothermal sintering solid, and the design has the advantages that: firstly, the electric conductor which can generate heat after being electrified is distributed in the insulator, rather than the heat source which is positioned below the ceramic tile in the prior art, interlayer heat obstruction cannot be caused, the heat loss is low, the heat conduction efficiency is high, and the electric heating utilization rate can be improved; secondly, when the design is applied, the heating wire can be directly laid, the indoor height is not reduced, the heating wire does not need to be embedded in the deep position like the prior art, the construction difficulty is reduced, and the construction period is shortened; thirdly, the electric conductor is distributed in the insulator, and the insulator is self-heat conducting and non-conducting, self-temperature limiting, fireproof and electrically insulating, so that the safety is good; fourthly, the electric conductor adopted by the design is made of carbon materials, but not metal, so that electromagnetic radiation waves harmful to human bodies can not be generated. Therefore, the invention not only has higher electric heating utilization ratio and convenient construction and application, but also has stronger safety and can not generate electromagnetic radiation wave.
2. In the manufacturing method, the product and the application method of the electric heating type sintered solid, the solute distributed in the forming body is only the solute in the carbon-containing high polymer solution and is not a conductor, the solute can be carbonized into the conductor which can be electrified and heated when in subsequent sintering, but the conductor (such as carbon fiber) is not directly put into the sintered solid for splicing, and the design has the advantages that: firstly, a special carbon fiber manufacturing link is omitted, special production of carbon fibers is not needed, and the cost is extremely low; secondly, the carbon fiber is easy to break and disperse, and is not easy to directly place in a forming body or a sintered solid unless special auxiliary agents are adopted to pretreat the carbon fiber; and compared with carbon fiber, the carbon-containing polymer solution has stronger plasticity, can be mixed with the insulating material precursor with higher uniformity, has strong shape variability in the process of transferring the mixture into a forming body or performing plasticity on the forming body before sintering, and can meet the requirements of complex structural design and composite processing, thereby meeting different application requirements. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of lower manufacturing cost and wider application range, does not need auxiliary agent treatment, and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
3. In the manufacturing method, the product and the application method of the electrothermal sintering solid, no matter the electrothermal sintering solid is coated with colloid or is connected in series, the electrothermal sintering solid is suitable for various domestic common daily power supplies including household power supplies, batteries and the like, the application difficulty is low, in addition, the appearance of the electrothermal sintering solid can be specially designed according to various requirements, the product types are rich, and the electrothermal sintering solid is suitable for various civil requirements. Therefore, the invention has wider application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of an upper diffusion region, a lower diffusion region, a bottom layer insulation material precursor, and a top layer insulation material precursor in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another relative position of an upper diffusion region, a lower diffusion region, a bottom layer insulation material precursor, and a top layer insulation material precursor in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an impregnated body according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the impregnated body of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of injecting the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing polymer solution into the sealed container simultaneously according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the electrification of the rubber-coated body in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of energization of a serial body in the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises an upper permeation region 1, a lower permeation region 2, a bottom layer insulating material precursor 3, a top layer insulating material precursor 4, a glue body 5, a conductive glue 51, a serial body 6, a permeated region 7, a non-permeated region 8, a sealed container 9, an insulating injection port 91, a solution injection port 92 and a mixture 93.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a method for manufacturing an electrothermal type sintered solid includes the steps of:
firstly, mixing an insulating material precursor and a carbon-containing high polymer solution with each other to obtain a mixture, then converting the mixture into a forming body, standing the forming body without loosening, then sintering the forming body under an oxygen isolation condition until a solute in the carbon-containing high polymer solution is carbonized into a conductor and the insulating material precursor is solidified into a non-conductive insulator, and finishing sintering, wherein at the moment, the electrothermal type sintered solid can be obtained;
the method for transferring the mixture into the formed body comprises the following steps: if the mixture is loose when standing, the mixture is pressed and molded to obtain a molded body, and if the mixture is not loose when standing, the mixture is directly used as the molded body;
the insulating material precursor is a mud-shaped substance, a powder-shaped substance or a mixture of the mud-shaped substance and the powder-shaped substance, and the mud-shaped substance is obtained by mixing the powder-shaped substance and water.
The solute of the carbon-containing polymer solution is any one of phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyacrylonitrile, benzenedicarboxamide, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, lignin and silk fibroin.
The mass percentage concentration of the carbon-containing polymer solution is 5% -50%.
The method for mixing the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a mixture and converting the mixture into the molded body refers to any one of the following four processes:
a, firstly paving a bottom layer insulating material precursor 3, arranging a layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution on the bottom layer insulating material precursor, then covering a top layer insulating material precursor 4 on the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a mixture, wherein the top layer insulating material precursor 4 and the bottom layer insulating material precursor 3 are mutually contacted, and then pressing and forming the mixture to obtain a formed body, wherein in the pressing process, the carbon-containing high polymer solution is diffused under pressure and permeates into the adjacent bottom layer insulating material precursor 3 and the top layer insulating material precursor 4;
the process B comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out compression molding on an insulating material precursor to obtain a blank body, enabling the blank body not to be loose when standing, then integrally placing the blank body into a carbon-containing high polymer solution, vacuumizing a space where the blank body and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are located until the carbon-containing high polymer solution penetrates into the blank body to obtain an impregnated body, and then taking out the impregnated body from the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a molded body;
placing an insulating material precursor in a container, adding a carbon-containing high polymer solution into the insulating material precursor, stirring, mixing or ball-milling and mixing until the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a flexible body, standing the flexible body without loosening, and performing dry pressing or wet molding on the flexible body to obtain a molded body;
and D, simultaneously spraying the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution into a sealed container, wherein the spraying directions of the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are mutually crossed, mixing the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution in the container to obtain a mixture, and after stopping spraying, pressing and molding the obtained mixture to obtain a molded body.
In the process A, after pressure-bearing diffusion, the carbon-containing high polymer solution permeates into a top layer insulating material precursor 4 and a bottom layer insulating material precursor 3 which are adjacent to each other to form an upper permeation region 1 and a lower permeation region 2, wherein the upper permeation region 1 extends to the top surface of the top layer insulating material precursor 4, and the lower permeation region 2 extends to the bottom surface of the bottom layer insulating material precursor 3.
The powder is powder made of raw materials used for manufacturing pottery, porcelain, glass or cement.
The powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-30 parts of aluminum oxide and 2-20 parts of residual materials, wherein the residual materials are any one or any combination of sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide and titanium dioxide.
The oxygen isolation conditions are as follows: the molded body is enclosed in inert gas, or the molded body is enclosed in charcoal powder, or the space around the molded body is vacuumized.
An electrothermal sintered solid is prepared by the method for preparing the electrothermal sintered solid.
An application method of an electrothermal sintering solid comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining the electrothermal type sintered solid, then coating conductive adhesive 51 on the front and rear end faces of the electrothermal type sintered solid to obtain a colloid coating body 5, and then electrifying two ends of the colloid coating body 5 to realize electrifying and heating, or firstly, connecting a plurality of colloid coating bodies 5 in series to obtain a serial body 6, and then electrifying two ends of the serial body 6 to realize electrifying and heating; the electrified voltage is not higher than 220V.
The principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
the term "powder made of raw materials for producing pottery, porcelain, glass or cement" as used herein means: in the prior art, in the process of making ceramics, porcelain, glass or cement, the required raw materials are crushed into a powdered structure, such as a powder made of kaolin, nano feldspar, potash feldspar, quartz, mica, spodumene, montmorillonite, illite, talc or cordierite.
Inert gases in the present invention include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen.
In the invention, when the formed body is sintered, the sintering temperature is 1000-1400 ℃, and the sintering time is 1-3 h.
Referring to fig. 1, the upper percolation region 1 in fig. 1 is located inside the top layer insulation material precursor 4, and the lower percolation region 2 is located inside the bottom layer insulation material precursor 3. Referring to fig. 2, the upper percolation region 1 in fig. 2 spreads to the top surface of the top layer insulation material precursor 4 and even out of the top layer insulation material precursor 4, and similarly, the lower percolation region 2 spreads to the bottom surface of the bottom layer insulation material precursor 3 and even out of the bottom layer insulation material precursor 3. In addition, when the carbon-containing polymer solution is provided in the present invention, the manner of providing includes any one or any combination of painting, spraying, and dropping.
Referring to fig. 3, the green body is not fully impregnated with the carbon-containing polymer solution, so that the impregnated body has a penetrated zone 7 and an impermeable zone 8, and the impermeable zone 8 is free of the carbon-containing polymer solution. Referring to fig. 4, the blank body has been fully impregnated from the inside to the outside with the carbon-containing polymer solution, so that only the infiltrated zone 7 is present in the impregnation body, and no infiltrated zone 8 is present. In addition, when the whole of the blank body is put into the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain the impregnated body, although the vacuum pumping operation is emphasized at the same time, the negative pressure formed by the operation not only can be beneficial to the penetration of the carbon-containing high polymer solution into the blank body, but also can improve the uniformity of the penetration. However, it is also possible, but not optimal, to not evacuate, but only to naturally infiltrate.
Referring to fig. 5, the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing polymer solution are injected into the sealed container 9 through the insulating injection port 91 and the solution injection port 92, respectively, and the injection directions of the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing polymer solution are intersected with each other, and the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing polymer solution are mixed with each other in the sealed container 9 to obtain a mixture 93.
Example 1:
a method of making an electrothermal sintered solid comprising the steps of: laying a bottom layer insulating material precursor 3, arranging a layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution on the bottom layer insulating material precursor 3, covering the top layer insulating material precursor 4 on the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a mixture, enabling the top layer insulating material precursor 4 and the bottom layer insulating material precursor 3 to be in contact with each other, then performing compression molding on the mixture to obtain a molded body, wherein in the compression process, the carbon-containing high polymer solution is subjected to pressure-bearing diffusion and permeates into the adjacent bottom layer insulating material precursor 3 and the top layer insulating material precursor 4, the molded body is not loosened when standing, then sintering the molded body under an oxygen isolation condition until solute in the carbon-containing high polymer solution is carbonized into an electric conductor, the insulating material precursor is solidified into a non-conductive insulator, and then finishing sintering, and at the moment, the electric heating type sintered solid can be obtained.
The insulating material precursor is a mud-like substance, a powder substance or a mixture of the mud-like substance and the powder substance, the mud-like substance is obtained by mixing the powder substance and water, and the powder substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: the composite material comprises silicon dioxide 66, aluminum oxide 20 and remainder 5, wherein the remainder is any one or any combination of sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide and titanium dioxide.
The solute of the carbon-containing polymer solution is any one of phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyacrylonitrile, benzenedicarboxyl phenylenediamine, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, lignin and silk fibroin, and the mass percentage concentration of the carbon-containing polymer solution is 10%.
Example 2:
the basic contents are the same as example 1, except that:
laying a first layer of insulating material precursor, arranging a first layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution on the first layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution, covering a second layer of insulating material precursor on the first layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution, arranging a second layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution on the top surface of the second layer of insulating material precursor, covering a third layer of insulating material precursor on the second layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a mixture, enabling the second layer of insulating material precursor to be in contact with the first layer of insulating material precursor and the third layer of insulating material precursor, and then pressing and forming the mixture to obtain a formed body.
The carbon-containing high polymer solution has a mass percentage concentration of 5 percent, and the powdery material comprises the following components in parts by weight: silicon dioxide 40, aluminum oxide 30 and remainder 15.
Example 3:
the basic contents are the same as example 1, except that:
firstly, pressing and molding an insulating material precursor to obtain a blank body, wherein the blank body is not loosened when standing, then the whole blank body is placed into a carbon-containing high polymer solution, then a space where the blank body and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are located is vacuumized until the carbon-containing high polymer solution permeates into the blank body to obtain an impregnated body, and then the impregnated body is taken out from the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a molded body.
The carbon-containing high polymer solution has a mass percent concentration of 22 percent, and the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: silicon dioxide 40, aluminum oxide 10 and remainder 20.
Example 4:
the basic contents are the same as example 1, except that:
placing an insulating material precursor in a container, adding a carbon-containing high polymer solution into the insulating material precursor, stirring and mixing or ball-milling and mixing until the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are uniformly mixed to obtain a flexible body, standing the flexible body without loosening, and then performing dry pressing or wet molding on the flexible body to obtain a molded body.
The mass percentage concentration of the carbon-containing high polymer solution is 35 percent, and the components and the weight parts of the powder are as follows: 70 parts of silicon dioxide, 10 parts of aluminum oxide and 2 parts of remainder.
Example 5:
the basic contents are the same as example 1, except that:
firstly, an insulating material precursor and a carbon-containing high polymer solution are simultaneously sprayed into a sealed container 9, the insulating material precursor is sprayed into the sealed container 9 through an insulating spray opening 91, the carbon-containing high polymer solution is sprayed into the sealed container 9 through a solution spray opening 92, the spraying directions of the carbon-containing high polymer solution and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are mutually crossed, the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution are mutually mixed in the sealed container 9 to obtain a mixture 93, and after the spraying is stopped, the obtained mixture 93 is pressed and formed to obtain a formed body.
The carbon-containing high polymer solution has a mass percent concentration of 50 percent, and the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of silicon dioxide, 15 parts of aluminum oxide and 10 parts of remainder.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method of manufacturing an electrothermal sintered solid, comprising the steps of:
firstly, mixing an insulating material precursor and a carbon-containing high polymer solution with each other to obtain a mixture, then converting the mixture into a forming body, standing the forming body without loosening, then sintering the forming body under an oxygen isolation condition until a solute in the carbon-containing high polymer solution is carbonized into a conductor, and after the insulating material precursor is solidified into a non-conductive insulator, finishing sintering, and finishing carbonization of the solute in the carbon-containing high polymer solution and solidification of the insulating material precursor during sintering, thus obtaining the electrothermal sintering solid; the solute of the carbon-containing high polymer solution is any one of phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyacrylonitrile, benzenedicarboxamide, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, lignin and silk fibroin; the mass percentage concentration of the carbon-containing high polymer solution is 5% -50%;
the insulating material precursor is a mud-shaped substance, a powder-shaped substance or a mixture of the mud-shaped substance and the powder-shaped substance, and the mud-shaped substance is obtained by mixing the powder-shaped substance and water; the powder is powder made of raw materials used for manufacturing pottery, porcelain, glass or cement; the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-30 parts of aluminum oxide and 2-20 parts of residual materials, wherein the residual materials are any one or any combination of sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide and titanium dioxide;
the step of mixing the insulating material precursor and the carbon-containing high polymer solution with each other to obtain a mixture and then converting the mixture into the molded body is as follows: firstly, laying a bottom layer insulating material precursor (3), arranging a layer of carbon-containing high polymer solution on the bottom layer insulating material precursor, then covering the top layer insulating material precursor (4) on the carbon-containing high polymer solution to obtain a mixture, wherein the top layer insulating material precursor (4) and the bottom layer insulating material precursor (3) are mutually contacted, and then pressing and forming the mixture to obtain a formed body, wherein in the pressing process, the carbon-containing high polymer solution is subjected to pressure diffusion and permeates into the adjacent bottom layer insulating material precursor (3) and the top layer insulating material precursor (4).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the electrically heated sintered solid further comprises: after pressure-bearing diffusion, the carbon-containing high polymer solution permeates into the top layer insulating material precursor (4) and the bottom layer insulating material precursor (3) which are adjacent to each other to form an upper permeation region (1) and a lower permeation region (2), wherein the upper permeation region (1) is spread to the top surface of the top layer insulating material precursor (4), and the lower permeation region (2) is spread to the bottom surface of the bottom layer insulating material precursor (3).
3. A method of manufacturing an electrothermal sintered solid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the oxygen isolation conditions are as follows: the molded body is enclosed in inert gas, or the molded body is enclosed in charcoal powder, or the space around the molded body is vacuumized.
4. An electrothermal sintered solid characterized by: the electrically heated sintered solid body produced according to the method for producing an electrically heated sintered solid body according to claim 1 or 2.
5. An application method of an electrothermal sintered solid, characterized in that the application method comprises the following steps: obtaining an electrothermal type sintered solid according to claim 4, coating conductive adhesive (51) on the front and rear end faces of the electrothermal type sintered solid to obtain a coated body (5), and then electrifying both ends of the coated body (5) to realize electrification and heating, or connecting a plurality of coated bodies (5) in series to obtain a serial body (6), and then electrifying both ends of the serial body (6) to realize electrification and heating; the electrified voltage is not higher than 220V.
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