CN110407559A - 一种改性陶粒及其应用 - Google Patents

一种改性陶粒及其应用 Download PDF

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CN110407559A
CN110407559A CN201910694164.1A CN201910694164A CN110407559A CN 110407559 A CN110407559 A CN 110407559A CN 201910694164 A CN201910694164 A CN 201910694164A CN 110407559 A CN110407559 A CN 110407559A
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于江华
司韦
谢丽媛
魏娥华
龚超
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改性陶粒，该改性陶粒通过铝盐对陶粒进行改性制备。本发明采用联合铝盐的方法对陶粒进行改性，具有较好的除磷能力，其磷的去除率由43%增加到83.8%，去除率提高2倍。

Description

一种改性陶粒及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改性合成陶粒去除水中磷的方法，属于含磷污水的处理领域。
背景技术
水资源是人类赖以生存的生命之源，直接影响着社会经济发展和人民生活水平的提高。随着工业和社会的发展，水体污染和水资源短缺等环境问题已经成为制约我国社会发展的重要因素。水体富营养化作为一个重要的环境问题，已经成为科技工作者研究的重点，磷是动植物生长繁殖的最重要的几种基本营养元素之一，而过量磷促使藻类等有机体不断生长，最终引起水体的富营养化。当水体总磷浓度超过0.02mg/L时，就存在富营养化风险。目前常见的污水除磷方法主要有化学沉淀法、生物法、吸附法等，物理方法对磷具有很好的去除效果，但成本较高。生物方法成本底料无二次污染，但是出水稳定性较差，对外部环境比较敏感。因此，采取有效措施去除水体中的含磷污染物是预防水体富营养化污染的关键手段。
近年来，有关部门对磷的排放标准要求越来越高，有效控制了磷的点源排放，但是有降水产生的地表径流引起的非点源磷污染依旧没有得到有效控制。为了缓解非点源污染的局面，提出了海绵城市的概念，尽可能地降低不透水地面的面积，提高雨水利用地效率。减轻面源污染，降低有暴雨产生城市内涝地风险。主要的技术功能有渗透、储存、调节、传输等，采用地基础设施包括，透水砖、雨水花园、生物滞留池。在这些基础设施中需要大量的填料来保证它功能的实现。如何选择去除磷能力强、成本低廉、操作简便的方法也就成了海绵城市基础设施填料的基本要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种新型的、去磷效果优良的材料。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种改性陶粒，该改性陶粒通过铝盐对陶粒进行改性制备。
本发明改性陶粒的具体制备方法如下：将陶粒加入0.25-1mol/L的铝盐溶液中，振荡混合4-6小时，取出陶粒，干燥后，在马弗炉中在580-650℃下进行灼烧6-7h，取出陶粒，去离子水洗净后干燥即可；其中，陶粒与铝盐溶液的重量比为1:3。
其中，铝盐溶液选用氯化铝、硝酸铝或硫酸铝溶液。
优选的，上述改性陶粒通过以下方法制备：将陶粒加入1mol/L的氯化铝溶液中，25℃下振荡混合6h，取出陶粒，干燥后，在马弗炉中在600℃下进行灼烧6h，取出陶粒，去离子水洗净后干燥即可；所述陶粒与氯化铝溶液的重量比为1:3。
更为优选的，上述陶粒的选用，采用合成陶粒，具体制备方法如下：将回收的粉煤灰、水泥块、污泥、粘土与膨润土进行粉碎、以重量比50％：20％：15％：10％：5％混合放入马弗炉在1100℃的高温下烧结25min，进行清洗，在100℃下烘干，收集备用。
本发明还提供了上述改性陶粒在去除水中磷的应用。
其中，需要除磷的水中含磷浓度优选为2mg/L-10mg/L。
本发明还提供了上述改性陶粒在海绵城市建设中作为基础设施填料的应用。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
1、本发明采用联合铝盐的方法对陶粒进行改性，具有较好的除磷能力，其磷的去除率由43％增加到83.8％，去除率提高2倍，这一吸附效果远高于等量的未改性前陶粒的吸附除磷率。使用硝酸铝和硫酸铝改性后的陶粒吸附率分别为78.1％和80.0％。
2、陶粒采用水泥块、粉煤灰、污泥、粘土合成，既实现了建筑废弃物水泥块和城市污泥的再利用，同时由于原料来源丰富，成本低廉。
3、改性后的陶粒，也可以作为海绵城市基础设施的填料使用，能对降水产生的地表径流引起的非点源磷污染进行有效控制。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中改性陶粒对磷的吸附曲线；
图2为本发明实施例4中改性前陶粒对磷的吸附曲线。
图1、图2中，横坐标为吸附时间，纵坐标为对磷的去除率(％)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明改性合成陶粒去除水中磷的方法，包括以下步骤：
1、合成陶粒的制备过程：
将回收的水泥块进行粉碎研磨，过筛，选取小于0.25mm粒径的粉末，粉煤灰、污泥、水泥块粉末、粘土与膨润土按重量比50％：20％：15％：10％：5％混合放入马弗炉在1100℃的高温下烧结25min，进行清洗，在100℃下烘干，收集备用。。
2、合成陶粒改性过程：
在25℃下，在1mol/L铝盐溶液(AlCl3)中加入制备的合成陶粒，使合成陶粒与铝盐溶液的重量比为1:3，并在常温下使用恒温振荡器进行混合，在6h后取出合成陶粒，放入烘箱干燥后使用马弗炉在600℃下进行灼烧，灼烧6h后取出改性后合成陶粒，用去离子水洗净后干燥收集备用。
3、改性后合成陶粒除磷过程：
称取5g的上述改性合成陶粒加入浓度为10mg/L的50ml的含磷溶液中，溶液pH为7，在25℃下，以160r/min的速度进行恒温振荡。10min-24h按时间梯度分别取含磷溶液过0.45μm滤膜，用钼锑抗比色法测滤液中磷的浓度，除磷吸附曲线如图1所示，测得改性后合成陶粒在吸附24h后对磷的去除率为83.8％。
实施例2
合成陶粒的改性过程中采用Al(NO3)3作为铝盐溶液，其余合成陶粒、改性过程、除磷过程与实施例1相同，最终测得改性后合成陶粒在吸附24h后对磷的去除率为78.1％。
实施例3
合成陶粒的改性过程中采用Al2(SO4)3作为铝盐溶液，其余合成陶粒、改性过程、除磷过程与实施例1相同，测得改性后合成陶粒在吸附24h后对磷的去除率为80.0％。
实施例4
取实施例1中5g合成陶粒，加入50ml含磷浓度为10mg(P)/L的水溶液中，在25℃的温度下以转速160r/min的速度进行恒温振荡，10min-24h按时间梯度分别取含磷溶液过0.45μm滤膜，用钼锑抗比色法测滤液中磷的浓度，除磷吸附曲线如图2所示，该吸附在20h时达到平衡即去除率为43％，即使时间增加，吸附量也没有很大变化。
由实施例1、2、3可以看出，铝盐的种类对改性没有显著的影响，但采用AlCl3进行改性相对能获得较好的除磷效果。
由实施例1、4可以看出，铝盐改性后的合成陶粒去除效果远高于等量合成陶粒的吸附效果。
实施例5
实施例1中，其他条件不变，铝盐的浓度改为0.25mol/L，0.5mol/L，0.75mol/L，吸附时间为24h时，改性合成陶粒对磷的吸附率分别为71％，76％，80％。
由实施例5可以看出，在吸附平衡时，铝盐的浓度越高，吸附率越高。
实施例6
实施例1中，其他条件不变，溶液中磷的浓度改为2mg(P)/L、4mg(P)/L、6mg(P)/L、8mg(P)/L，测得改性合成陶粒在吸附时间为24h时对磷的吸附率为73.4％、76.6％、78.9％、81.4％。
由实施例1、6可以看出，随着初始浓度的提高，改性合成陶粒对磷的去除效果越来越好。

Claims (8)

1.一种改性陶粒，其特征在于，所述改性陶粒通过铝盐对陶粒进行改性制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性陶粒，其特征在于，所述改性陶粒通过以下方法制备：将陶粒加入0.25-1mol/L的铝盐溶液中，振荡混合4-6小时，取出陶粒，干燥后，在马弗炉中于580-650℃下进行灼烧6-7h，取出陶粒，去离子水洗净后干燥即可；所述陶粒与铝盐溶液的重量比为1:3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的改性陶粒，其特征在于，所述陶粒采用以下方法制备：将粉煤灰、污泥、水泥块、粘土与膨润土进行粉碎，以重量比50：20：15：10：5混合放入马弗炉中，在1100℃的高温下烧结25min，进行清洗，在100℃下烘干即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改性陶粒，其特征在于，所述铝盐溶液选用氯化铝、硝酸铝或硫酸铝溶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的改性陶粒，其特征在于，所述改性陶粒通过以下方法制备：将陶粒加入1mol/L的氯化铝溶液中，25℃下振荡混合6h，取出陶粒，干燥后，在马弗炉中在600℃下进行灼烧6h，取出陶粒，去离子水洗净后干燥即可；所述陶粒与氯化铝溶液的重量比为1:3。
6.权利要求1至5任一所述改性陶粒在去除水中磷的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，所述水中含磷浓度为2mg/L-10mg/L。
8.权利要求1至5任一所述改性陶粒在海绵城市建设中作为基础设施填料的应用。
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