CN1104028A - Plant fresh-preservation technology - Google Patents
Plant fresh-preservation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1104028A CN1104028A CN 93120765 CN93120765A CN1104028A CN 1104028 A CN1104028 A CN 1104028A CN 93120765 CN93120765 CN 93120765 CN 93120765 A CN93120765 A CN 93120765A CN 1104028 A CN1104028 A CN 1104028A
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Abstract
A plant-preservation method includes preservation liquid which uses glycerol, ethanol, formol and water as filler to keep the original shape and pliable-tough property of plant. At the same time of filling the filler, colour fixing agent is added to fix its original colour. Lastly, plant surface is treated by using high molecular polymer to enclose the preservation liquid in plant and can also colorate plant. The plant treated by using said method can be preserved for a long time and this method is applicable to the most of herb and woody plant.
Description
The invention belongs to chemical field.Be a kind of new plant storaging method, it comprises preserves with medicament, preservation process and product.
Plant in its life process, have one grow, ripe to dead life cycle.This cycle is quite short, and the basic four seasons with 1 year are changed to its life cycle.With respect to grow, ripe and dead each period is just shorter.Every plant species has its article characteristic, feature to show a certain period surely most.The plant of this period has enjoying value and value for preservation most.At this moment it be fixed up, just can prolong its appreciation, holding time.
Find from plant physiology structure and characteristic research, the cellular tissure moisture of plant is more, blade of herbaceous plant and most of woody plant and flower, water content all reaches 70-90%, it not only plays a part the transportation nutrient and keeps plant and newly become metabolism in plant corpus, and by its cell sap filling of forming in cell, make full cellularity blade and the flower type.In case the plant dehydration, then the atrophy owing to cell makes blade, petal contraction distortion, and is withered and dead.In fact, this phenomenon taking place is that evaporation is scattered and disappeared easily because the water boiling point of formation cell sap is too low.People once considered to change the main composition thing water of cell sap into boiling point than higher component, preserved cell sap and reached the purpose of preserving plant row attitude.It is found that based on this idea glycerine is good high boiling point and the substitute that has no side effect.The boiling point of glycerine is 290 ℃, and is infinitely miscible with water.And make by the vegetable and animals oils hydrolysis, have compatibility repellency and side effect can not take place with plant itself.The people that this method of many employings is preserved plant thinks that glycerine has replaced moisture, and staying at last in the plant corpus is the cell sap that glycerine constitutes.It is considered herein that staying what constitute cell sap in the plant corpus at last is not independent glycerine but the mixture of glycerine and water, they form a kind of binary azeotrope owing to dissolving each other, it makes the binary azeotrope boiling point improve than water by boiling point height of glycerine, thereby makes the boiling point raising of cell sap be difficult for evaporating lost.
Wherein, adopt glycerine to make to preserve the usefulness of plant.It is considered herein that it only plays the effect of filling plant cell liquid, can not raise track fully and preserve the purpose of plant, particularly with plant under the prototype original appearance ground typing of its a certain growth period is preserved, gloss is done not road with the filling glycerine.And, adopt glycerine to make filler, be allowed to condition at one of component as cell sap to improve the boiling point of cell sap, it is considered herein that the formation of glycerine and water binary azeotrope its best proportioning is arranged.Can get its ratio of components by experiment.It is considered herein that its best proportioning is 30%-70%, be lower than its azeotropic mixture boiling point of this ratio and improve not quite that still easily evaporation is lost for moisture, it is longer that the time ratio that just scatters and disappears is not filled glycerine.Can reach the order ground of certain withered time of prolongation plant, plant after treatment is positioned over indoor the preservation two to three months, and its preservation effect is not very desirable.Exceed this ratio as this proportioning is improved, then because glycerine content is too high, oily components accounts for leadingly in the cell sap, and cell sap demonstrates the oily components feature, and the plant outward appearance is changed, and also presents the oiliness feature, the original pattern of forfeiture plant.Preserve the plant purpose though also can play, can not really reach plant prototype original appearance is preserved purpose.Therefore, the glycerine and the water ratio of the present invention's employing are 30%-70%.Adopt glycerine to make the cell sap filler, it is believed that in the past the conveying tissue by plant self just can be transported to glycerine in the plant cell, it is considered herein that this method and unreliable.Because vigorous prosperity is organized in its conveying, the formation of itself mainly is exactly the stem tissue that the delivery groups hair-weaving reaches to the fibroid herbaceous plant, and blade and flower are also few, and packing fluid arrives the whole plants body than being easier to the conveying of carrying tissue.But organize not too flourishing plant and plant to carry to conveying and organize underdeveloped part such as blade, petal, packing fluid just is difficult to be transported in its cellular tissure or is very insufficient, because this method is leaned on the cell of living plant self newly to become metabolic activity to absorb the transporting water timesharing glycerine is brought in the cell, the moisture of being carried is to be present in the mixed liquor of glycerine and water, and the moisture in the plant corpus to carry mainly be that evaporation and intercellular permeable pressure head by plant leaf blade is power, because this moment, water was present in concentration reduction in the pure water mixed liquid, bring difficulty for plant absorbing moisture, disequilibrium is carried in the evaporation of plant leaf blade and the absorption of moisture, plant, withers dehydration owing to can not get abundant water supply from stem young tender part far away.In addition, obtain the part of moisture because the glycerine in the moisture is not participated in the activity of metabolism do, the actual moisture of participating in metabolic activity also is to reduce the insufficient decline of quickening plant cell of plant cell metabolic activity.After plant cell death, plant stops newly to become metabolic activity, and the activity that plant self absorbs moisture also will stop, and fill out towards the absorption of liquid and also just no longer carry out.Thus, adopt plant self to absorb the method for filling liquid, filling liquid can not fully be filled in the whole plants body.
With example in the experiment is card: (glycerine-water liquid)
Glycerine-pasture and water Chinese rose is evergreen
0--100 begins withered with a left side left side together after 7 days
4 days full tender leafs of bar stem of 25-100 send out tender leaf withered, a branch top is sent out withered
The withered withered tender leaf of tender leaf in 7 days part ends of the branch, branch top are withered
Most of full Lao Ye has shrivelled phenomenon with a left side
7 days equally same left sides of the full fundamental sum of bar stem after 14 days
4 days sprays of 60-100, an old branch top tender leaf send out tender leaf withered, a branch top is sent out withered
Portion sends out withered
To send out in 7 days part withered withered, and to send out part withered withered that to send out part withered withered
The full branch of old stem bar bottom Lao Ye
Full
The branch masthead Lao Ye of portion is with a left side
Begin shrivelled
The basic no change branch masthead Lao Ye of portion after 14 days
Shrivelled to certain journey left side together
Spend no longer withered
All the other were with 7 days
More than test the long 20cm of grass that adopts, Chinese rose, the long 10cm of evergreen bar footpath 1cm.
Data illustrate that the method that adopts plant self to absorb filler is unreliable by experiment.More than the plant length of experiment employing does not all include length, can infer as crossing and select for use plant longer, and the filling liquid that can arrive the plant top at last will be still less.Experimental data illustrates also that filler substantially fully is filled into needs two weeks at least in the plant cell.In addition, as the color preserving agent that adds in filler, weevil aldehyde (formalin), sulfurous acid etc. all have killing effect to plant, and it is faster that plant is checkmated, and lean on just more difficult abundant absorption filler of plant self absorption.
The filler adding method that the present invention adopts is an infusion method step by step.Allow plant by progressively transferring in the bulking agent of low concentration in the filler of high concentration, make the component of plant cell liquor consistent at last, thereby reach the purpose that filling liquid is added plant cell with filling liquid.Experimental results show that it is can handle the plant that all will be preserved with the method, effect is fine.
Principle of the present invention is that material is shifted to low concentration by high concentration, finally reaches a balance by intercellular permeable pressure head based on material Transfer between plant cell.Plant is immersed filler, material composition has a concentration in the plant cell, filler has a concentration, material among the two-phase shifts owing to concentration difference, material is transferred to low concentration one side by high concentration one side, material concentration balance in the last two-phase, the component in the filler has also been transferred in the cell sap with regard to corresponding, reaches the purpose with filler tytosis liquid.
In filling process, the concentration of considering last glycerine in the filler will reach 30-70%, and glycerine itself is the great alcohol of hygroscopicity, water absorbing capacity is very big, in the glycerine-water liquid that plant is directly immersed high concentration, the concentration of the glycerine in the filling liquid is too high, and glycerine will be taken the moisture of inhaling in the plant by force, make the plant cell dehydration, the shrivelled plant of plant cell deforms.Simultaneously, because the cell dehydration, the cell sap component changes, and the substance transfer between plant cell and the filler will change, and final balance is a kind of balance under the cell desiccation.At this moment because the plant distortion that the dehydration of beginning plant cell causes can't change, the plant of adopting this completion method to fill will be out of shape.
The fill method that the present invention adopts is to adopt infusion method step by step, at first plant is immersed in low concentration glycerine-water filling liquid, allows the cell sap in the plant cell and the filling liquid of low concentration reach a balance, and certain density glycerine is advanced in filling in cell sap.Plant is transferred in the filling liquid of high concentration again, made the filling liquid of cell sap and high concentration reach new balance, finally make the glycerine concentration in the filling liquid reach desired concn.Glycerine concentration control in this filling process, the different mining that The present invention be directed to plant variety cooperates with different concentration, as to Chinese rose, woody plant such as evergreen, its cell sap water content is not very high, from the ability to bear of plant itself to outside filling liquid, adopt earlier and in 25% filling liquid, soaked 10-15 days, directly transfer to then in 60% the filling liquid and soaked again 15 days, finish filling plant cell liquor.The present invention is not subjected to the restriction of this proportioning, can adopt variable concentrations to cooperate to carry out filler at different plants and fill, and the present invention requires step by step that infusion method is a power.
The present invention has also carried out the intrinsic colour of plant and has fixed when plant being carried out the cell sap filling.This is a key of the present invention.
In plant storaging method in the past, often all be to add the method that organic pigment dyes to plant simultaneously to prolong plant storage life or the fixedly color of plant consideration merely, also to have from filling glycerine from the filling glycerine.But at present be to also less than the fixing method of the original color of plant in the tytosis filler.The present invention carries out plant from this consideration and preserves.
When plant being carried out the cell sap filling, filler is the mixed liquor of glycerine-water.Glycerine is a polyalcohol, and alcohols material is good polar solvent from the chemical property of alcohol, and glycerine is no exception.Glycerine is when filling plant cell, partial organic substances in the plant is simultaneously also by its dissolving, particularly some polarity pigments such as chlorophyll etc. are dissolved by glycerine in the plant, after chlorophyll isopolarity pigment in the plant was dissolved by glycerine, plant only presented some colors that are insoluble to the pigment such as the carotenoid of polar solvent.It is milky white or yellow that the color of these pigments is more, the fading of the plant that Here it is it has often been said.So, in the method that adopts organic pigment that plant is dyeed, also dose the polyalcohol that certain toxicity is arranged into propane diols, ethylene glycol etc., accelerate fading of plant, so that to the dyeing of plant.
The pigment that contains in common green plants plant mainly contains chlorophyll (green), carotenoid (red, Huang), flavonol (yellow or colourless), anthocyan (red, blue or green, purple), vitamin (Huang) etc.Wherein contain chlorophyll 0.28%, carotenoid 0.02%, xanthophyll 0.03%.Chlorophyll accounts for absolute majority in the pigment of plant, plays a part decision plant color.On the other hand, from " pigment " relation of color, by " Huang, product, green grass or young crops " three look principles of complementarity, the color of plant is decided by chlorophyll and anthocyan.Yellow pigmentary colours only just show its true qualities after the degraded of pigments such as chlorophyll, anthocyan.Otherwise it just exists as a kind of complementary colours.So fixedly the chlorophyll and the anthocyan from fixing plant of the color relation of plant are started with.
Chlorophyll belongs to the tetrapyrrole derivative.This compounds is that (CH=) the complicated conjugated system that links to each other and form, this ring system also is porphyrin by methine by the alpha-carbon atom of four pyrrole rings.
Structural formula is as follows:
Porphyrin is a plane, and with covalent bond and coordinate bond and different metallic element combinations, combination is magnesium in chlorophyll in the space in the middle of four pyrrole rings, and the β-position of four pyrrole rings also has different substituting groups simultaneously.Have conjugated double bond in this compounds molecule and form closed conjugated system, therefore have special extinction ability, present shades of colour, it is green that chlorophyll is.
Chlorophyll itself is a relatively unstable compounds, only can stable existence under alkali condition.
Under acid condition, magnesium atom is replaced by two hydrogen atoms, generates the green plain a of de-magging liquid of brown or the pheophytin b of brown, thereby makes original green disappearance.The chlorophyll b de-magnesium reaction is as follows:
Contain the chlorophyll catabolic enzyme in the chloroplast, when chloroplast is damaged, then show its activity, can make chlorophyll resolve into methyl chlorophyllin and phytol.Further de-magging generates de-magging methyl chlorophyllin.
Further under the effect of acid, oxygen, oxicracking is many colourless low molecular compounds for the pheophytin that chlorophyll is broken down into, pheophytin acid, chlorophyll alcohol etc.
More than chlorophyllous degradation process, all with the tetrapyrrole ring in magnesium ion taken off relevantly, it is found that replacing chlorophyllide that magnesium ion forms with other metal ion will make the chlorophyll quite stable that becomes.Wherein, the most frequently used is metal copper ion, and normal Schweinfurt green-acetate solution and the copper sulphate weak solution of adopting handled plant on herbarium is made, and forms the green color of usually preserving plant of phyllodium.This method one most people adopts.
The present invention found through experiments, and handles its color of chlorophyll mantoquita that forms with copper ion and sends out brown, and after especially the leaf of Chinese rose being handled with copper salt solution, the leaf of Chinese rose is all sent out brown substantially, can not reach the purpose of preserving the original color of Chinese rose.So fixing the plant color with copper salt solution is to have circumscribedly, copper salt solution can not generally be fixed the chlorophyll of all plants.
The present invention is fixing simultaneously with the different composite salt of several metals at different plants to the fixedly employing of plant chlorophyll.To work being mixed with certain density solution and mixing in the filler, in tytosis liquid, the chlorophyll in the cell also will be fixed up.
Adopt this method,, consider glycerine to chlorophyllous dissolubility, the decomposing oxidation of the catabolic enzyme of chlorophyll self because the fixed cycle is long.The present invention has also adopted following measure:
1, reduces the concentration of glycerine Gu Ding early stage, to reduce to chlorophyllous dissolving.This point also meets the principle that filler soaks step by step.
2, add the formaldehyde weak solution, kill or suppress the growth of chlorophyllase.
3, add sulfurous acid, suppress oxidasic decomposition.
To preserve the Chinese rose prescription is example: (the present invention is not limited)
Glycerine 25%-60% ethanol 2% formaldehyde 0.1-0.5% copper ion 3-10% antimony ion 0.2-1% potassium ion 0.2-1% sodium ion 0.2-1% tin ion 0.2-1% sulfurous acid 0.1% water surplus
With the filling of above formulated, fixative Chinese rose is carried out that cell is filled and color is fixed, Chinese rose branch bar blade is full after treatment, and it is emerald green that color keeps, and has the original pliability of plant, and the plant original appearance that fundamental sum is just plucked when preserving is the same.Wherein do not have the Chinese rose plant of high polymer sealing to preserve to reach more than 1 year and all do not change, thus, the plant of adopting the present invention to preserve can reach the purpose with its " typing " preservation.
Above example does not limit the present invention, and the present invention fixedly color of plant adopts bimetallic salt complex to mix to carry out fixation in the filler.Adopt the compound color-fixing agent of doing of respective metal salt at different plants.
The present invention can be well with plant prototype, original appearance, primary colors typing ground long preservation through above filling, fixation.It is infusion method that the present invention finds owing to what adopt in the preservation process, filler in the soak contains glycerine, the front has mentioned that glycerine has solvent borne, the wax coat of plant surface is dissolved by glycerine in immersion process, so last plant surface lacks gloss, not enough very fully former state is preserved plant.The present invention considers to add the process of waxing together in the finishing operation that carries out the plant preservation.
The wax coat of plant surface is the saturated fat layer of one deck HMW, and when it was lived plant, what play was the effect that the interior tissue of protective plant is not subjected to extraneous injury.Also have this problem for the plant through filling, fixation in fact, treated adding filler of plant and color-fixing agent because the tint retention of the high boiling point of filler and color fixing machine can slow down the degradability of plant greatly, delay the decline corruption of plant.But after the plant of treated mistake left soak, change had just taken place in its residing environment, and the filling of inside plants, color-fixing agent contact exchange by cell wall is inevitable with the external world, influence the preservation to plant of filler and color-fixing agent the most at last.So for above consideration, adopt high molecular polymer in the end plant surface to be handled, an effect is locked in filler and color-fixing agent in the plant corpus, another effect is exactly to increase the gloss on plant surface for plant surface last layer wax layer.The arbitrary poly-and thing that high molecular polymer can adopt not chloride and benzene, is difficult for moisture absorption, high temperature has stability.Mounting medium can adopt dipping, spraying method to handle plant.
If the present invention in the end adds color in mounting medium in one technology, can is not technicolour color plant, these plants have all plant characteristics of original plant except that the color difference.The plant that preserves through this processing is colored.The pigment that wherein adds in mounting medium can be the random color that can evenly sneak into the macromolecule mounting medium and have no side effect, and a plant can be handled with the mounting medium of multiple color, obtains colored preservative plant.
The present invention can preserve plant prototype, original appearance, primary colors ground after adopting filling, fixation, several procedures of sealing to handle plant.The present invention is a kind of new plant preservation method.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of new plant preserves liquid, it is characterized in that adopting compound prescription, with filler with color-fixing agent is simultaneously composite that plant is preserved.
2, preserving a kind of mixed solution that the filler of liquid is characterized as based on glycerine and water by claim 1 plant is filler.
3, to be characterized as with cupric, antimony, potassium, the isoionic composite metal salt of sodium be color-fixing agent to the color-fixing agent of preserving liquid by claim 1 plant.
4, the method for a kind of new preservation plant.Preserve liquid with the plant of claim 1 and soak filling plant cell, fixing plant color, handle plant surface with mounting medium at last, plant is preserved liquid be locked in the plant corpus with the preservation plant.
5, be infusion method step by step by the method for claim 4.Earlier plant is preserved in the liquid the plant of low concentration and soak, move into the high concentration plant then and preserve and be dipped to plant cell in the liquid and be full of plant and preserve liquid.
6, be nontoxic high molecular polymer by the last mounting medium of handling plant surface in the claim 4.
7, can add dyestuff by mounting medium in the claim 6 and give plant dyeing.
8, preserve plant with claim 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93120765 CN1104028A (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1993-12-23 | Plant fresh-preservation technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93120765 CN1104028A (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1993-12-23 | Plant fresh-preservation technology |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1104028A true CN1104028A (en) | 1995-06-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93120765 Pending CN1104028A (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1993-12-23 | Plant fresh-preservation technology |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101518368A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-02 | 谢富有 | Preservative tree prepared in accordance with supplementary preservative plant technology |
| CN101518227B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-03-13 | 谢富有 | Preparation method of real 'preservative plant' |
| CN104082278A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-08 | 中山中研化妆品有限公司 | Preservation method of natural petals for cosmetics and natural petal preservative |
| CN105252953A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-20 | 苏州科斯洛园艺科技有限公司 | Method for restoring fresh flowers from dried hydrangea flowers and hydrangea flowers obtained through method |
-
1993
- 1993-12-23 CN CN 93120765 patent/CN1104028A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101518368A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-02 | 谢富有 | Preservative tree prepared in accordance with supplementary preservative plant technology |
| CN101518368B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-08-10 | 谢富有 | Preservative tree prepared in accordance with supplementary preservative plant technology |
| CN101518227B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-03-13 | 谢富有 | Preparation method of real 'preservative plant' |
| CN104082278A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-08 | 中山中研化妆品有限公司 | Preservation method of natural petals for cosmetics and natural petal preservative |
| CN105252953A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2016-01-20 | 苏州科斯洛园艺科技有限公司 | Method for restoring fresh flowers from dried hydrangea flowers and hydrangea flowers obtained through method |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
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| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |