CN110395973B - 一种陶瓷磨料 - Google Patents

一种陶瓷磨料 Download PDF

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CN110395973B
CN110395973B CN201910741528.7A CN201910741528A CN110395973B CN 110395973 B CN110395973 B CN 110395973B CN 201910741528 A CN201910741528 A CN 201910741528A CN 110395973 B CN110395973 B CN 110395973B
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田继华
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Shandong Xingdi Abrasive Tools Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种陶瓷磨料，它包括以下重量份数的组分：氧化铝25～45份，碳化硅15～35份，石英5～7份；硼玻璃3～8份，粘土6～12份；长石25～35份；增韧剂1～3份；聚乙烯醇1～3份；水1～3份；它的制备方法包括以下步骤：(a)将各组分按配方量进行混合，闷料，加工成型后干燥得坯体；(b)将所述坯体进行焙烧，出炉后进行表面加工、破碎、制粒，筛分至规定粒度即可。能够使得所生产的磨料，具有英氏硬度高、耐高温性能好、自锐性好、耐磨性强等优点，在制造磨具过程中不易、堵塞、不烧伤工件，并具有良好的磨削、切削、抛光性能。

Description

一种陶瓷磨料
技术领域
本发明属于无机复合材料领域，涉及一种磨料，具体涉及一种陶瓷磨料。
背景技术
目前，使用在高端磨具制造方面的普通磨料中，用量较大的还数锆刚玉、烧结刚玉等，主要原因在于：它们具有比其它刚玉类磨料更高的硬度、强度和耐磨性，所以都被应用于高端磨具的制造。
但是，锆刚玉不耐高温，在高温磨削过程中它会析出氧化锆而变成氧化铝，从而失去应有的高强度，而且它的自锐性比较差；在磨削过程中，它会整颗粒脱落，没有充分发挥磨削作用，因此限制了它的用途。比如烧结刚玉由于它在形状是柱状的，它的切割和抛光方面应用就受到了限制，磨削效果上也有大打折扣。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了克服现有技术的不足而提供一种陶瓷磨料。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种陶瓷磨料，它包括一下重量份数的组分：
Figure BDA0002164116820000011
它的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(a)将各组分按配方量进行混合，闷料，加工成型后干燥得坯体；
(b)讲所述坯体进行焙烧，出炉后进行表面加工、破碎、制粒，筛分至规定粒度即可。
优化地，它包括以下重量份数的组分：
Figure BDA0002164116820000021
进一步地，所述粘土的规格为400目。
进一步地，步骤(a)中，所述闷料的时间为24～36h。
更进一步地，步骤(a)中，所述干燥按以下过程进行：用2～3.5h由室温升温至40℃，用6.5～7.5h由40℃升温至50℃，用9～11h由50℃升温至60℃，用9～11h由60℃升温至70℃，用5.5～6.5h由70℃升温至80℃，用4.5～5.5h由80℃升温至90℃，再用5.5～6.5h由90℃降温至室温。
更进一步地，步骤(b)中，所述焙烧按以下过程进行：用0.5～1.5h由室温升温至50℃，用1.5～2.5h由50℃升温至80℃，用3.5～4.5h由80℃升温至200℃，用3.5～4.5h由200℃升温至400℃，用2.5～3.5h由400℃升温至600℃，用4.5～5.5h由600℃升温至700℃，用4.5～5.5h由700℃升温至800℃，用7.5～8.5h由800℃升温至900℃，用9.5～10.5h由900℃升温至1000℃，用9.5～10.5h由1000℃升温至1100℃，用9.5～10.5h由1100℃升温至1200℃，用4.5～5.5h由1200℃升温至1250℃，用4.5～5.5h由1250℃升温至1300℃，用4.5～5.5h由1300℃升温至1330℃，用4.5～5.5h由1330℃升温至1350℃，再自然降温至70℃。
更进一步地，步骤(b)中，经破碎得5～15cm小块。
更进一步地，步骤(b)中，经制粒至6#～0#细粒。
更进一步地，步骤(b)中，制粒后送磁选机除铁，再转筛分。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列有点：本发明陶瓷磨料，通过采用特殊配方的原料进行组合，并结合特定的工艺步骤进行处理，能够使得所生产的磨料，具有英氏硬度高、耐高温性能好、自锐性好、耐磨性强等优点，在制造磨具过程中不易、堵塞、不烧伤工件，并具有良好的磨削、切削、抛光性能。
具体实施方式
本发明陶瓷磨料，它包括以下重量份数的组分：氧化铝25～45份，所述氧化铝的规格为180～320目(即180#～320#，下同)；碳化硅15～35份，所述碳化硅的规格为240～400目；
石英5～7份，所述石英的规格为320～400目；硼玻璃3～8份，所述硼玻璃的规格为320～400目；粘土6～12份；长石25～35份，所述长石的规格为320～400目；增韧剂1～3份；聚乙烯醇1～3份；水1～3份；它的制备方法包括以下步骤：(a)将各组分按配方量进行混合，闷料，加工成型后干燥得坯体；(b)讲所述坯体进行焙烧，出炉后进行表面加工、破碎、制粒，筛分至规定粒度即可。通过采用特殊配方的原料进行组合，并结合特定的工艺步骤进行处理，能够使得所生产的磨料，具有英氏硬度高、耐高温性能好、自锐性好、耐磨性强等有点，在制造磨具过程中不易、堵塞、不烧伤工件，并具有良好的磨削、切削、抛光性能。
上述的陶瓷磨料优选包括以下重量份数的组分：氧化铝30份；碳化硅25份；石英6份；硼玻璃5份；粘土8份；长石30份；增韧剂2份；聚乙烯醇2份；水2份。上述增韧剂为常规的那些，如氧化锆或四方多晶氧化锆等中的一种或多种。所述粘土的规格优选为400目。步骤(a)中，所述闷料的时间通常为24～36h。所述干燥按以下过程进行：用2～3.5h由室温升温至40℃，用6.5～7.5h由40℃升温至50℃，用9～11h由50℃升温至60℃，用9～11h由60℃升温至70℃，用5.5～6.5h由70℃升温至80℃，用4.5～5.5h由80℃升温至90℃，再用5.5～6.5h由90℃降温至室温，这样有利于陶瓷磨料水分的均匀、缓慢蒸发，避免水分蒸发过快而影响产品质量。最重要的是，步骤(b)中，所述焙烧按以下过程进行：用0.5～1.5h由室温升温至50℃，用1.5～2.5h由50℃升温至80℃，用3.5～4.5h由80℃升温至200℃，用3.5～4.5h由200℃升温至400℃，用2.5～3.5h由400℃升温至600℃，用4.5～5.5h由600℃升温至700℃，用4.5～5.5h由700℃升温至800℃，用7.5～8.5h由800℃升温至900℃，用9.5～10.5h由900℃升温至1000℃，用9.5～10.5h由1000℃升温至1100℃，用9.5～10.5h由1100℃升温至1200℃，用4.5～5.5h由1200℃升温至1250℃，用4.5～5.5h由1250℃升温至1300℃，用4.5～5.5h由1300℃升温至1330℃，用4.5～5.5h由1330℃升温至1350℃，再自然降温至70℃，这样有利于进一步提高磨料的英氏硬度高、耐高温性能好等。步骤(b)中，通常经破碎得5～15cm小块；经制粒至6#～0#细粒，制粒后送磁选机除铁，再转筛分。
下面将结合实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种陶瓷磨料，它包括以下原料：氧化铝30份(氧化铝的规格为180～320目，即180#～320#)；碳化硅25份(碳化硅的规格为240～400目)；石英6份(石英的规格为320～400目)；硼玻璃5份(硼玻璃的规格为320～400目)；粘土8份(粘土的规格为400#)；长石30份(长石的规格为320～400目)；增韧剂2份(氧化锆或四方多晶氧化锆)；聚乙烯醇2份；水2份；
上述陶瓷磨料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(a)将各组分按配方量进行混合，闷料的时间为24～36h，压制加工成型后干燥得坯体(干燥按以下曲线进行：用3h由室温升温至40℃，用7h由40℃升温至50℃，用10h由50℃升温至60℃，用10h由60℃升温至70℃，用6h由70℃升温至80℃，用5h由80℃升温至90℃，再用6h由90℃降温至室温)。
(b)将所述坯体进行焙烧(焙烧按以下曲线进行：用1h由室温升温至50℃，用2h由50℃升温至80℃，用4h由80℃升温至200℃，用4h由200℃升温至400℃，用3h由400℃升温至600℃，用5h由600℃升温至700℃，用5h由700℃升温至800℃，用8h由800℃升温至900℃，用10h由900℃升温至1000℃，用10h由1000℃升温至1100℃，用10h由1100℃升温至1200℃，用5h由1200℃升温至1250℃，用5h由1250℃升温至1300℃，用5h由1300℃升温至1330℃，用5h由1330℃升温至1350℃，再自然降温至70℃)，出炉后进行表面加工以清光表面玻璃体，破碎至5-15cm小块、球磨制粒至6#-0#，筛分至规定粒度即可。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种陶瓷磨料，它与实施例1中的基本一致，不同的是，它包括以下原料：氧化铝25份；碳化硅35份；石英7份；硼玻璃8份；粘土12份；长石35份；增韧剂3份；聚乙烯醇3份；水3份。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种陶瓷磨料，它与实施例1中的基本一致，不同的是，它包括以下原料：氧化铝45份；碳化硅15份；石英5份；硼玻璃3份；粘土6份；长石25份；增韧剂1份；聚乙烯醇1份；水1份。
对比例1
本实施例提供一种陶瓷磨料，它与实施例1中的基本一致，不同的是：它不含有碳化硅和氧化铝。
对比例2
本实施例提供一种陶瓷磨料，它与实施例1中的基本一致，不同的是：它含有过量的氧化铝，达60份。
对比例3
本实施例提供一种陶瓷磨料，它与实施例1中的基本一致，不同的是：步骤(a)中，将坯体由常温至于90℃干燥41h，随后降温至室温。
对比例4
本实施例提供一种陶瓷磨料，它与实施例1中的基本一致，不同的是，步骤(b)中，按以下曲线进行焙烧：用15～19h由室温升温至600～800℃，保温5～8h后用40～48h升温至1350℃，再自然降温至70℃。
实施例1-3、对比例1-4所制得的陶瓷磨料的性能见表1所示。
表1实施例1-3、对比例1-4中陶瓷磨料的性能表
英式硬度 耐高温 耐磨性 自锐性
实施例1 9.5 1400 好 好
实施例2 9.6 1500 较好 好
实施例3 9.6 1450 较好 好
对比例1 9.0 1450 一般 好
对比例2 9.2 1480 好 好
对比例3 9.5 1500 好 好
对比例4 9.0 1400 一般 好
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种陶瓷磨料，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的组分组成：
氧化铝25~45份，所述氧化铝的规格为180~320目；碳化硅15~35份，所述碳化硅的规格为240~400目；石英5~7份，所述石英的规格为320~400目；硼玻璃3~8份，所述硼玻璃的规格为320~400目；粘土6~12份；所述粘土的规格为400目；长石25~35份，所述长石的规格为320~400目；增韧剂1~3份；所述增韧剂为四方多晶氧化锆；聚乙烯醇1~3份；水1~3份；
其制备方法包括以下步骤：
(a)将各组分按配方量进行混合，闷料，加工成型后干燥得坯体；
(b)将所述坯体进行焙烧，出炉后进行表面加工、破碎、制粒，筛分至规定粒度即可；
步骤(a)中，所述干燥按以下过程进行：用2～3.5h由室温升温至40℃，用6.5～7.5h由40℃升温至50℃，用9～11h由50℃升温至60℃，用9～11h由60℃升温至70℃，用5.5～6.5h由70℃升温至80℃，用4.5～5.5h由80℃升温至90℃，再用5.5～6.5h由90℃降温至室温；
步骤(b)中，所述焙烧按以下过程进行：用0.5～1.5h由室温升温至50℃，用1.5～2.5h由50℃升温至80℃，用3.5～4.5h由80℃升温至200℃，用3.5～4.5h由200℃升温至400℃，用2.5～3.5h由400℃升温至600℃，用4.5～5.5h由600℃升温至700℃，用4.5～5.5h由700℃升温至800℃，用7.5～8.5h由800℃升温至900℃，用9.5～10.5h由900℃升温至1000℃，用9.5～10.5h由1000℃升温至1100℃，用9.5～10.5h由1100℃升温至1200℃，用4.5～5.5h由1200℃升温至1250℃，用4.5～5.5h由1250℃升温至1300℃，用4.5～5.5h由1300℃升温至1330℃，用4.5～5.5h由1330℃升温至1350℃，再自然降温至70℃；
步骤(b)中，经破碎得5～15cm小块；
步骤(b)中，经制粒至6目～0目细粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷磨料，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的组分组成：
氧化铝30份；碳化硅25份；石英6份；硼玻璃5份；粘土8份；长石30份；增韧剂2份；聚乙烯醇2份；水2份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的陶瓷磨料，其特征在于：步骤(a)中，所述闷料的时间为24～36h。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的陶瓷磨料，其特征在于：步骤(b)中，制粒后送磁选机除铁，再转筛分。
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