CN110395805B - Microbial electrochemical device for strengthening horizontal subsurface flow wetland - Google Patents
Microbial electrochemical device for strengthening horizontal subsurface flow wetland Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial electrochemical device for strengthening horizontal subsurface flow wetland, which comprises a reaction tank, wherein water distribution filler is arranged at two ends of the inner wall of the reaction tank, the rear section of the water distribution filler is sequentially provided with a water layer, a matrix layer, a supporting filler layer and an impermeable layer from top to bottom, a plant root system is positioned on the matrix layer, and a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the side wall of the reaction tank; the reaction tank is also internally provided with a unit cathode, a solar power supply device and a unit anode, wherein the unit cathode is positioned at the plant root system, the solar power supply device is positioned at the upper part of the reaction tank, and the unit anode is partially positioned on the substrate layer and partially positioned on the filler layer. Compared with the prior art, the reinforced horizontal subsurface flow wetland microbial electrochemical device provided by the invention has the advantages that the form of persistent toxic pollutants can be changed in situ by penetrating into the bottom mud in situ, and meanwhile, the persistent toxic pollutants are further degraded at the water outlet, so that the purpose of double degradation of the pollutants is achieved, the operation is continuous and stable, and the like, and vegetation and pollutant removal of the constructed wetland can be effectively maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microbial electrochemical device for strengthening horizontal subsurface flow wetland, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection.
Background
Some chlorinated organic compounds are widely used as important chemical raw materials, organic solvents and intermediates in the industries of medicines, pesticides, leather making, papermaking and the like. In many industrial waste water, such substances exist, and have the characteristics of strong durability, biotoxicity and the like, and although the waste water is treated, certain concentration still exists in tail water. The tail water is degraded by the artificial wetland, and chlorinated organic compounds accumulate at the root system part of the wetland vegetation. Chlorinated toxic organics (e.g., chlorophenols) can penetrate cells resulting in toxic accumulation and genetic mutagenesis. The aquatic plants and root microorganisms have toxic effects under the condition of a certain concentration of toxic chlorinated organic compounds, so that the vegetation activity in the wetland ecosystem is degraded, and the efficiency of degrading nitrogen and phosphorus of the constructed wetland is reduced. 60% of artificial wetlands worldwide are in an ecologically degraded state, where toxic contaminant accumulation is an important contributor to the ecological imbalance of the constructed wetlands. Therefore, the maintenance and treatment of toxic organic pollutants for constructed wetland vegetation is not slow.
Currently, lu Shoubo et al have studied an energized subsurface flow constructed wetland in order to achieve the purpose of removing pollutants from the water layer of the subsurface flow wetland, but are not involved in the maintenance of the root system of wetland vegetation and the removal of pollutants from the mud layer. In addition, the existing treatment of chlorinated organic pollutants also mostly utilizes nitrate/nitrite and the like as electron acceptors to accelerate biological oxidation to promote the decomposition of chlorinated organic pollutants, and the electron acceptors have fluidity in the wetland substrate sludge-water environment, so that the chlorinated organic pollutants can be degraded and converted by some artificial wetland surface layers. However, the current research shows that the provided electron acceptor often avoids degrading pollutants and selects easily-reducible small organic molecules; aiming at the mud layer which is deeply polluted by chlorinated organic compounds, the effect of deep repair is also lacking.
Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) are an electrochemical system that converts electrical energy into chemical energy, primarily a bioelectrochemical technology that utilizes additional electrical energy to assist microorganisms in reducing or oxidizing substrates. Working principle of microbial electrolytic cell: the microorganisms in the microbial electrolytic cell, during their metabolism, transfer electrons from the inside of the cell to the extracellular unit anode, and then reach the unit cathode by an external circuit under the action of a potential difference provided by a power supply. At the unit cathode, electrons participate in the reduction reaction.
The direction of the microbial electrolytic cells (microbial electrolysis cells, MECs) is mainly focused on hydrogen production, and later the MECs develop an application form for integrating energy and pollution control, so that a new solution is provided for solving the energy problem and pollution control, and the microbial electrolytic cells are widely paid attention to scientists in various countries. Aiming at the problem of pollution of the bottom mud pollutants of the constructed wetland, a treatment method is required to be applied to large-scale effective engineering. Therefore, the method for treating pollutants and maintaining root systems with low cost and high efficiency is realized by utilizing the microbial electrolytic cell, and is widely applicable to pollution treatment engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a microbial electrochemical device for strengthening the horizontal subsurface flow wetland aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the microbial electrochemical device for the enhanced horizontal subsurface flow wetland comprises a reaction tank, wherein water distribution filler is arranged on one periphery of the inner wall of the reaction tank, a water layer, a matrix layer and a supporting filler layer are sequentially arranged in a reaction zone in the water distribution filler from top to bottom, plant root systems are positioned on the matrix layer, a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the side wall of the reaction tank, and the water inlet and the water outlet are positioned at the water distribution filler; the solar energy power supply device is characterized in that a unit cathode, a solar energy power supply device and a unit anode are further arranged in the reaction tank, the unit cathode is located at the plant root system position, the solar energy power supply device is located at the upper portion of the reaction tank, the unit anode is located at the substrate layer and the supporting filler layer, a cathode lead is arranged between the unit cathode and the solar energy power supply device, and an anode lead is arranged between the solar energy power supply device and the unit anode.
As a further preferable scheme, the unit cathode is a net structure formed by intersecting a plurality of stainless steel shaft carbon fiber brushes, and the stainless steel shaft carbon fiber brushes are made by twisting stainless steel wires and four strands of carbon fibers.
As a further preferable scheme, the unit anode comprises at least three parallel steel frameworks, a plurality of graphite blocks are arranged in the steel frameworks, and carbon fiber cloth is wrapped on the periphery of each graphite block.
As a further preferable mode, the solar power supply device has a negative integrated circuit board and a positive integrated circuit board, the unit cathode is connected to the negative integrated circuit board, and the unit anode is connected to the positive integrated circuit board.
As a further preferable scheme, the unit anode is positioned near the water outlet of the reaction tank.
Compared with the prior art, the device for maintaining and strengthening the horizontal wetland microorganism electrochemical treatment of toxic organic pollutants is used for degrading high-concentration toxic pollutants of sludge near vegetation roots, can deeply penetrate into bottom sludge to remove persistent toxic pollutants in situ, and is further degraded at a water outlet, so that the purposes of reducing and changing the form, toxicity, biodegradability and further oxidizing double degradation pollutants are achieved, the operation is continuous and stable, and the like, and the vegetation and pollutant removal of the artificial wetland can be effectively maintained, and the device has the following advantages:
1. the unit cathode can deeply and deeply enrich a sludge layer with higher pollutant concentration to continuously convert chlorinated toxic organic pollutants into non/low biological toxic products, so that the pollutant concentration around plant roots is reduced.
2. The invention uses electrode to strengthen the biological pollutant of chlorine-substituted pollutant in the plant root system substrate mud of the artificial wetland to remove the pollutant at the cathode and anode, the cathode can achieve the dechlorination effect of the chlorine-substituted organic pollutant, the anode can further oxidize and degrade the dechlorinated pollutant of the cathode, the deep conversion can be carried out on the sludge layer with higher concentration of the chlorine-substituted pollutant of the artificial strengthening downstream subsurface wetland, and the solution and the technical approach can be provided for the ecological restoration of the artificial wetland which operates for a long time and has long-lasting organic matter accumulation.
3. The invention relates to the fields of microbiology, electrochemistry, molecular ecology, process engineering and the like, and the proposed research thought and method are innovative.
4. The microbial electrochemical repair technology has the advantages of convenient maintenance, low cost, simple equipment, no secondary pollution and the like, is environment-friendly, reasonable and effective for repairing the soil polluted by the machine, can realize deep conversion of chlorinated toxic organic pollutants into biological low/non-toxic degradation products, and increases the sustainability and controllability of the biological strengthening repair process.
5. The ductility of the unit cathode material can effectively adapt to the shapes of root systems of different vegetation, keep an effective distance with the prepared root systems, realize single protection of the root systems, and can effectively solve the problem of the influence of toxic pollutants of the constructed wetland.
6. The unit cathode and the unit anode adopt a modularized design, can be flexibly matched with the wetland area, and effectively strengthen the wetland.
7. The system uses solar energy to perform energy supply operation, has no additional energy, and realizes effective utilization of energy and self-supporting capacity of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout view of an electrochemical device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a process for programming a stainless steel shaft carbon fiber brush;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for fabricating a unit cathode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for fabricating a unit anode;
fig. 6 is a diagram of the working efficiency of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a microbial electrochemical device for strengthening horizontal subsurface flow wetland, which relates to a reduction and oxidation process of a microbial electrolytic cell, and solves the problems that high-concentration persistent chlorinated organic pollutants in the accumulation of bottom mud of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland influence the activity of plant root system metabolic enzymes, so that root system rot is caused, and the function of treating tail water of an artificial wetland is influenced; the unit cathode of the enhanced horizontal wetland microorganism electrochemical maintenance device can be placed in bottom mud near the plant root system of the wetland affected by chlorinated organic pollutants, the unit anode is placed near the front section of the water collection outlet of the constructed wetland, and two wires are used for respectively connecting the unit cathode with the cathode of the solar power supply device and the unit anode with the anode of the solar power supply device. The cathode can achieve the dechlorination effect of chlorinated organic pollutants, and the anode can further oxidize and degrade the dechlorinated pollutants.
The invention relates to a microbial electrochemical device for strengthening horizontal subsurface flow wetland, which comprises a unit cathode 11, a cathode lead 12, a solar power supply device 13, an anode lead 14 and a unit anode 15.
The unit cathode 11 is a stainless steel shaft carbon fiber brush 8 made of 0.25mm stainless steel wires 6 and 30mm carbon fibers 7 by four strands of twisting, and a plurality of stainless steel shaft carbon fiber brushes 8 are woven into a 10m x 10m net structure in a grid of 30mm x 30 mm;
the unit anode 15 is formed by stacking a steel skeleton 51 and graphite blocks 9 with the length of 5cm-10cm and wrapping the graphite blocks by carbon fiber cloth 10, and the steel skeleton 51 is formed by connecting a steel wire structure with the layer height of 20cm, the length of 60cm and the width of 40cm and lining with a plurality of layers of titanium wire meshes; the cathode lead 12 is formed by synthesizing a plurality of internal leads in parallel, and the wires of the internal leads are uniformly twisted and connected with the unit cathode 11; the anode wires 14 are synthesized by connecting a plurality of wires in parallel, and each anode wire 14 is connected with each unit anode.
The unit cathode 11 is connected with the cathode integrated circuit board of the solar power supply device 13 through a cathode lead 12, and the unit anode is connected with the anode integrated circuit board of the solar power supply device 13 through an anode lead 14.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a stainless steel wire shaft carbon fiber brush with an internal structure of a unit cathode, 6 is a stainless steel wire, 7 is a carbon fiber, 11 is a unit cathode, and a in the figure is synthesized by four-strand twisting.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a unit cathode, 8 is a stainless steel wire shaft carbon fiber brush, 1 is a unit cathode, and B represents a weaving mode.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the unit anode structure of FIG. 1, wherein 10 is carbon fiber cloth, 9 is a graphite block with a certain specification and a side length of 5-10 cm, 51 is a steel skeleton for placing the graphite block wrapped by the carbon fiber cloth, 15 is the unit anode, and C in the figure is formed by stacking and wrapping;
the area of the area covered and maintained by the unit cathode 1 is 10m multiplied by 10m, the number of the unit cathodes required to be put into use can be determined according to the vegetation coverage condition of the wetland, and the cloth voltage is 0.8v for each unit cathode;
the unit anode is formed by stacking graphite blocks with the side length of 5cm-10cm into a steel framework 51 with the layer height of 20cm, the length of 60cm and the width of 40cm, lining a titanium wire mesh layer and wrapping with carbon fiber cloth, and has the advantages of non-uniform size, good water permeability and no obstruction to a water outlet; the unit anode is oxidized, so that graphite of the unit anode is degraded to a certain extent, and a titanium wire mesh with good toughness and inertia is selected, so that the internal graphite blocks are conveniently updated.
The solar power supply device 13 is internally provided with a circuit integrated board which is respectively connected with a unit cathode lead and a unit anode lead, and each internal lead gives stable direct current voltage of 0.8v to place the solar panel in a place with sufficient sunlight.
The method for treating chlorinated toxic organic pollutants of the enhanced horizontal subsurface flow wetland microbial electrochemical device comprises the following steps of:
aiming at the horizontal subsurface flow wetland with different areas, the unit cathodes with the matched number of wetland vegetation areas influenced by medium-high concentration chlorinated organic pollutants can be tiled for modular maintenance, and the unit cathodes of a reinforced horizontal wetland microbial electrochemical maintenance device are placed under the protected reinforced horizontal wetland, and the shape of the unit cathodes 11 can be adapted according to different vegetation root system extension conditions due to good plasticity of a reticular structure so as to be close to the vegetation root systems; the cathode lead 12 and the anode lead 14 respectively connect each unit cathode 11 and each unit anode 15 with the positive and negative integrated circuit boards in the solar power supply device 13; each unit anode 15 is respectively arranged at the outlet of the water collecting system of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland.
Because the net structure has good plasticity, the shape of the cathode of the unit can be adapted according to different vegetation root system extension conditions so as to be close to the vegetation root system; the anodes of all units are respectively arranged near the outlets of all water collecting systems of the constructed wetland, the solar power supply device provides stable branch voltage of 0.8v and operates for 10d to obtain water body with removed pollutants and sediment with removed pollutants, the electrode is used for strengthening the bioelectrochemistry double degradation conversion cathode of chlorinated toxic pollutants in the plant root sediment of the constructed wetland to achieve the dechlorination effect of chlorinated organic pollutants, and the anode can dechlorinate the cathode of the pollutants.
Embodiment one: placing 30L of sludge polluted by toxic organic matters in a reactor, and adding 10L of water into the reactor; placing a unit cathode 11 of an enhanced horizontal wetland microbial electrochemical maintenance device at the position of 10cm of the sludge depth; the unit anode 15 is arranged in front of the outlet, partially in the sludge matrix and partially in the bottom support filler 5; the tail outlet of the water collecting pipe orifice placing device is connected with a cathode wire 12 to form a unit cathode 11 and the negative electrode of a solar power supply device 13, and an anode wire 14 is connected with the positive electrode of the solar power supply device 13 and a unit anode 15 to operate the reactor.
In the first embodiment, the operation time is 200min, the additional voltage of the solar power supply device is 0.4V, and the specific efficiency is shown in fig. 6 when the specific power-on time is 60min, 90min, 120min, 150min and 180min respectively by changing the power-on time. From the observation of the graph, the removal efficiency was 83.1% when the voltage was 0.4V and the energization time was 60min, the treatment efficiency of 4-contaminants was gradually increased with the lapse of time, and the highest treatment efficiency was 88.8% when the energization time reached 120 min.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A microbial electrochemical device for strengthening horizontal subsurface flow wetland is characterized in that: the device comprises a reaction tank (1), wherein water distribution fillers (2) are arranged at two ends of the inner wall of the reaction tank (1), a water layer (3), a matrix layer (4) and a supporting filler layer (5) are sequentially arranged in a reaction zone in the water distribution fillers (2) from top to bottom, plant root systems are positioned in the matrix layer (4), a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged on the side wall of the reaction tank (1), and the water inlet and the water outlet are positioned at the water distribution fillers (2); the solar energy power supply device is characterized in that a unit cathode (11), a solar energy power supply device (13) and a unit anode (15) are further arranged in the reaction tank (1), the unit cathode (11) is located at the plant root system position, the solar energy power supply device (13) is located at the upper part of the reaction tank (1), the unit anode (15) is partially located on the substrate layer (4) and partially located on the supporting filler layer (5), a cathode lead (12) is arranged between the unit cathode (11) and the solar energy power supply device (13), and an anode lead (14) is arranged between the solar energy power supply device (13) and the unit anode (15);
the unit cathode (11) is a net structure formed by intersecting a plurality of stainless steel shaft carbon fiber brushes (8), and the stainless steel shaft carbon fiber brushes (8) are made by twisting stainless steel wires (6) and four strands of carbon fibers (7);
the unit anode (15) comprises at least three parallel steel frameworks (51), a plurality of graphite blocks (9) are arranged in the steel frameworks (51), and carbon fiber cloth (10) is wrapped on the periphery of each graphite block (9);
the unit anode (15) is positioned close to the water outlet of the reaction tank (1).
2. The reinforced horizontal subsurface flow wetland microbial electrochemical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solar power supply device (13) is provided with a negative integrated circuit board and a positive integrated circuit board, the unit cathode (11) is connected with the negative integrated circuit board, and the unit anode (15) is connected with the positive integrated circuit board.
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| CN115536125A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-30 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Low-temperature NH enhanced by solar-driven microbial electrochemical process 4+ -N removal method |
Citations (8)
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