CN110393190A - 一种高效治疗枣疯病的复配药剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种高效治疗枣疯病的复配药剂，由盐酸土霉素、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸、NAA、GA3组成，使用时各成分的用量比例为2‑4：7‑10：16‑20：0.012‑0.015：0.012‑0.015。药剂溶于水后，在枣树开花前对病树进行树干输液滴注，可快速高效效治疗枣疯病，病树康复和产量恢复快。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效治疗枣疯病的复配药剂。
背景技术
枣树（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.）是原产我国的特色优势果树和五大优势经济林树种之一。目前，全国枣树栽培面积约3000万亩，年产量800多万吨、居干果首位，全国近2000万农民以枣为主要经济来源。枣树在我国山沙碱旱地区生态建设、精准扶贫中占有重要地位。
枣疯病（Jujube witches’ broom disease，JWB）是一种由植原体（Phytoplasma）引起的高致死性传染病害，枣树一旦患病，通常2-3年整株死亡。枣疯病已导致许多枣园甚至枣区毁灭，成为制约枣产业可持续发展的严重障碍。
前人曾尝试过多种防治方法，但大多效果不佳。如通过防治叶蝉类传病昆虫来控制枣疯病传播，因叶蝉类昆虫食性复杂、一年多代，很难有效防治，且需对没有发病的枣树及周边寄主植物一并防治才有效果，导致成本高，加之该方法对已发病的枣树无效，生产上难以推广应用；又比如，通过手术治疗去除疯枝疯根的方法，对于新发病枣树有一定效果，对于病原已大量扩散的中重度病树效果很差；再比如，盐酸土霉素或盐酸四环素等四环素族药物在枣组培条件下防治枣疯病效果较好，但在田间自然条件下药物不易溶解、难以充分吸收扩散到整个树体而导致药效大幅下降，防治效果一般只有30%左右。本发明人团队在多年研究枣疯病基础上，曾研发出一种将盐酸四环素、七水合硫酸镁和一水合柠檬酸复配在一起的枣疯病治疗康复剂（“祛疯一号”），该药剂显著提高了枣疯病防治效果，并获得了国家发明专利（ZL200510081689.6，“一种枣疯病治疗康复剂”）。但是该药剂仍存在一些需要改进的地方，如该药剂中的七水合硫酸镁和一水合柠檬酸含有较多水分，与盐酸四环素放到一起后容易吸潮结块，需要分别放置，储运和施用都不方便；二是对于中重度病树的防治效果有待进一步提高。
本发明人团队研究发现，在带枣疯病组培条件下于培养基中加入NAA（萘乙酸） 和GA3（赤霉素）可以显著减轻症状；进而在田间对病树进行NAA 和GA3树干输液试验，结果也表明可显著减轻症状或抑制症状发展。鉴于此，为进一步提高枣疯病治疗效果，对原有发明专利技术（ZL200510081689.6，“一种枣疯病治疗康复剂”）进行了改进，经3年大量的组培和田间条件下的试验研究，一是找到了田间条件下NAA、GA3的适宜用量；二是通过数十次的试验摸索，找到了七水合硫酸镁和一水合柠檬酸的适宜干燥方法，使其与四环素族药物混配后不再吸潮结块，可长期保存；三是盐酸土霉素的价格比盐酸四环素的价格低30%以上，且两种药剂效果无显著差异，所以将盐酸四环素改为了盐酸土霉素。经过改进，药剂储运和使用更加方便，对枣疯病的治疗效果特别是对中重度病树的治疗效果更加显著，病树恢复快，产量明显提高。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种既能杀死枣疯病病原、补充病树所需矿质元素、又可对病树进行生长调节剂生理调控的高效治疗枣疯病的方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：在本发明人团队前一个发明专利（ZL2005 10081689.6，“一种枣疯病治疗康复剂”）基础上进行改进，一是将原来用于杀灭病原的盐酸四环素改为同是四环素族的盐酸土霉素，降低了成本；二是将用于补充病树所缺乏关键元素镁的七水合硫酸镁和有助于四环素族药物溶解吸收的一水合柠檬酸分别进行干燥处理，使其与四环素族药物混配后不再吸潮结块，使药剂保存和贮运更为简便；三是增加施用NAA和GA3，进一步提高了防治效果特别是对中重度病树的防治效果；所有药剂溶解后混匀，通过树干输液治疗枣疯病病树。
本发明的具体内容：本治疗药剂成分包括盐酸土霉素、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸、NAA和GA3。使用时各物质的用量为1升水中加盐酸土霉素2-4克、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁7-10克、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸16-20克、NAA 12-15毫克、GA3 12-15毫克。药剂的配制方法为先将盐酸土霉素、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸按照前述用量比例混匀，配制成1号药剂，密封干燥保存；使用前，按照前述用量比例，称取NAA12-15毫克和GA312-15毫克，用 95%乙醇进行溶解混匀，配制成2号药剂，然后2号药剂与1号药剂按比例混合均匀后，进行树干输液滴注。
获得本发明专利的有益效果：一是将七水合硫酸镁和一水合柠檬酸在70摄氏度条件下烘24小时充分干燥后，可与盐酸土霉素提前混配好、密封干燥保存，不会吸潮结块，无需像前一个发明专利（ZL200510081689.6，“一种枣疯病治疗康复剂”）技术那样，必须将盐酸土霉素、七水合硫酸镁和一水合柠檬酸分别放置以防止吸潮结块，因而储运和施用更方便、更经济；二是增加了两种生长调节剂NAA和GA3，对枣疯病的治疗效果特别是对中重度病树的防治效果更加显著，病树恢复快，产量明显提高；三是用盐酸土霉素替换了盐酸四环素，成本降低30%以上，而仍保持了一样的防治效果。
具体实施方式：
在枣树开花前，对感染枣疯病的枣树（病树）进行树干输液治疗。输液用药液配制方法为：在5000毫升水中，加入盐酸土霉素10-20克、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁35-50克、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸80-100克，充分搅拌溶解，配制成1号药剂；称取NAA60-75毫克、GA360-75毫克，加50毫升 95%乙醇进行溶解混匀，配制成2号药剂；取2号药剂50毫升加入到配制好的5000毫升1号药剂中，充分混匀。将混匀后的治疗药剂加入到输液袋中，一个输液袋中加治疗药剂1000毫升，将加入治疗药剂的输液器顶端挂在距离地面1.5米左右的树干或树枝上。选择直径3-4毫米的钻头，在树干距离地面50-60厘米处向下倾斜45度钻孔，孔深4-5厘米，深入木质部，每株树钻输液孔2个，输液孔选在发病一侧的树干。然后将输液器的出液插头严密插入输液孔中，确保不漏液后，进行滴注输液。每棵病树的输液量根据其症状轻重和树体大小确定，一般在1000-2000毫升。用该方法治疗中重度病树，当年发病均显著减轻，有效率达到了100%，病情得到完全控制、当年冬天正常落叶的达到75%。
Claims (3)
1.一种高效治疗枣疯病的复配药剂，其特征是由盐酸土霉素、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸、NAA和GA3混合配制而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗药剂，其特征是治疗药剂中各成分的用量比例为1升水中加盐酸土霉素、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸、NAA、GA3分别为2-4克、7-10克、16-20克、12-15毫克、12-15毫克。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗药剂，其特征是其配制方法为先将盐酸土霉素、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的七水合硫酸镁、70摄氏度条件下烘24小时的一水合柠檬酸按照2所述用量比例混匀，配制成1号药剂，密封干燥保存；治疗病树前，再按照2所述用量比例，称取NAA、GA3，用 95%乙醇进行溶解，混匀配制成2号药剂，然后将2号药剂与1号药剂混合均匀，即可用于病树的输液治疗。
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