CN110388757B - Solar energy step heat collecting system - Google Patents

Solar energy step heat collecting system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110388757B
CN110388757B CN201910689312.0A CN201910689312A CN110388757B CN 110388757 B CN110388757 B CN 110388757B CN 201910689312 A CN201910689312 A CN 201910689312A CN 110388757 B CN110388757 B CN 110388757B
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heat
light
heat collection
section
heat collecting
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CN110388757A (en
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贾国斌
曹云
王建强
袁晓凤
姜凯华
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/70—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules with means for adjusting the final position or orientation of supporting elements in relation to each other or to a mounting surface; with means for compensating mounting tolerances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar energy cascade heat collecting system, which comprises a working medium and at least two heat collecting sections, wherein each heat collecting section comprises at least one light-gathering heat collecting module, and the working medium is sequentially heated by each heat collecting section. According to the solar stepped heat collection system, the medium-temperature heat collection section adopts a light-gathering heat collection module based on a Fresnel type mirror field, the high-temperature heat collection section adopts a light-gathering heat collection module based on a disc type mirror field, and the solar stepped heat collection system is obtained by coupling in the mode; compared with a tower type solar system, the system efficiency of the mirror field can be improved and the construction cost of the mirror field can be reduced under the condition of the same molten salt outlet temperature.

Description

Solar energy step heat collecting system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar heat collection system, in particular to a solar energy step heat collection system.
Background
The solar system comprises a working medium and a light and heat collecting module, wherein the light and heat collecting module comprises a light collector and a heat collector. The concentrator acts to focus parallel rays from the sun. In the light-gathering process, solar radiation energy with low energy density is gathered on a very small receiving surface in the heat collector, so that the operation working medium is converted into high-grade heat energy from low-grade heat energy. The heat collector is used for converting light rays reflected and focused by the condenser from radiant energy into heat energy, so that the temperature of working media flowing through the heat collector is increased.
The light spot shape reflected and focused on the heat collector by the condenser can be divided into a line focusing condenser and a point focusing condenser. Typical line focus concentrators are of a groove type and a Fresnel type, wherein the mirror surface of the groove type concentrator is a paraboloid, and the Fresnel type concentrator is a plane mirror array; typical point-focus concentrators have a tower and a dish. The tower-type condenser is in the shape of a heliostat array similar to a plane mirror, and the dish-type condenser is in the shape of a paraboloid of revolution.
Because the condensing ratio of the line-focusing condenser is smaller than that of the point-focusing condenser, which means that more collector receiving areas are needed to increase the output temperature of the working medium, the length of the condenser and the collector is usually increased, but the heat loss of the corresponding collector increases under the high-temperature condition of the working medium (such as molten salt). On the contrary, the point-focusing condenser can converge more solar radiation energy with low energy density to a smaller area compared with the line-focusing condenser, and the receiving area is smaller under the same high-temperature condition, so that the heat loss of the corresponding heat collector of the working medium under the high-temperature condition is smaller, and the efficiency of the system of the mirror field is higher.
In addition, in the point focusing condenser, the tower type condenser has higher economic cost due to the need of building a tower, and cosine efficiency caused by solar motion needs to be considered, so that the optical efficiency of the condensing system is reduced; in comparison, the disc condenser has a large light-gathering ratio and high system efficiency, but the heat absorber is continuously moved due to the movement of the focal point of the disc condenser, and is generally not suitable for series connection and parallel connection; because the bearing weight of the supporting system is limited, the mirror surface area cannot be set too large, and therefore the power of the single disc concentrator for collecting heat is also smaller. The above two points make the conventional dish system unusable for large scale photo-thermal power stations.
In a solar system based on line focusing, the construction cost of a Fresnel type solar system is relatively lower than that of a groove type system; in addition, since the heat collector of the fresnel type solar system uses the thermal insulation layer on the top, the heat loss of the heat collector is smaller than that of the trough type solar system, and when the solar system is coupled, the fresnel type is preferable for the line focusing based solar system. Among the point focusing based solar system, the tower type solar system is more expensive to construct, so that the point focusing based solar system is preferably a dish type solar system in view of economy and system efficiency of a mirror field when the solar system is coupled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solar energy step heat collecting system for solving the technical problems.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a solar energy cascade heat collecting system comprises a working medium and is characterized in that the solar energy cascade heat collecting system comprises at least two heat collecting sections, and each heat collecting section comprises at least one light-gathering heat collecting module; the heat collection section comprises a medium temperature heat collection section and a high temperature heat collection section, and the working medium is heated by the medium temperature heat collection section and the high temperature heat collection section in sequence; the light and heat collecting modules comprise light collectors, all the light collectors of the light and heat collecting modules of the middle temperature heat collecting section adopt Fresnel light collectors, and all the light collectors of the light and heat collecting modules of the high temperature heat collecting section adopt disc light collectors.
The temperature of the working medium in the medium-temperature heat collection section heat collector is relatively low, so that the heat loss of the heat collector corresponding to the Fresnel type condenser is small; the high-temperature heat collection section adopts the point-focusing disc type condenser to heat the working medium, the heat loss of the corresponding heat collector is small due to the large light collection ratio of the disc type condenser, and the heat loss of the heat collector is reduced, so the heat collection efficiency of the coupled solar heat collection system is improved; the optical efficiency of the system is improved because the cosine efficiency is not considered in the disc system. Through the two methods, the system efficiency of the whole mirror field of the solar energy cascade heat collection system is integrally improved.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also utilizes the characteristic of low construction cost of the solar energy system based on the Fresnel type condenser to reduce the construction cost of the solar energy step heat collecting system and improve the economy of the solar energy step heat collecting system.
In other words, the embodiment of the invention improves the system efficiency of the mirror field in the solar cascade heat collection system and simultaneously reduces the construction cost of the mirror field by coupling the condenser light-gathering heat collection modules based on the Fresnel type and the disc type under the condition of improving the temperature of the fluid working medium outlet.
Preferably, the solar energy stepped heat collecting system comprises two heat collecting sections, and the two heat collecting sections are defined as a first heat collecting section and a second heat collecting section respectively, the first heat collecting section is the medium temperature heat collecting section, and the second heat collecting section is the high temperature heat collecting section, so that stepped heating is realized, the output temperature of the working medium is finally improved, the heat loss of the heat collector is reduced, and the system efficiency of the solar energy stepped heat collecting system is further improved.
Preferably, the second heat collecting section comprises at least two heat collecting sections which are arranged in series, and each heat collecting section comprises at least one light-gathering heat collecting module; therefore, the working medium is heated at least twice in the second heat collecting section and at least three times in the whole solar energy step heat collecting system, so that the temperature of the working medium is further improved.
Preferably, the second heat collection section comprises two heat collection sections, and the two heat collection sections are defined as a first heat collection section and a second heat collection section respectively; two ends of the first heat collection segment are respectively connected with the first heat collection segment and the second heat collection segment; the first heat collection section comprises at least two light-gathering heat collection modules, and the second heat collection section comprises at least one light-gathering heat collection module; and a plurality of light-gathering and heat-collecting modules in the first heat-collecting section are connected in parallel and then are connected into one light-gathering and heat-collecting module in the second heat-collecting section.
On one hand, the working medium is heated at least twice in the second heat collection section, and the temperature is increased twice; on the other hand, the operation efficiency of the whole system is improved by optimizing the number ratio of the light and heat collecting modules in the second heat collecting section to the light and heat collecting modules in the first heat collecting section.
Preferably, the first heat collecting section comprises a plurality of light-gathering and heat-collecting modules, and the light-gathering and heat-collecting modules in the first heat collecting section are connected in parallel two by two and then connected to one light-gathering and heat-collecting module in the second heat collecting section.
The system efficiency and the economical efficiency of the solar energy cascade heat collecting system are improved by distributing the quantity ratio of the light-gathering heat collecting modules in the first heat collecting section to the light-gathering heat collecting modules in the second heat collecting section.
Preferably, the light and heat collecting module further comprises a heat collector, and the dish-type light collector comprises:
the focus of the condenser is on the heat collector;
the vertical tracking component adjusts the focus of the condensing lens to have no displacement in the vertical direction according to the change of the solar altitude angle; and a process for the preparation of a coating,
the horizontal tracking component is fixedly connected to the horizontal tracking component, and the horizontal tracking component adjusts the focus of the condensing lens to have no displacement in the horizontal direction according to the change of the solar azimuth angle;
the vertical tracking component and the horizontal tracking component enable the plane where the opening of the condenser lens is located to be perpendicular to the rays of the sunlight.
The sun is tracked through the vertical tracking component and the horizontal tracking component, so that the focus of the collecting lens is fixed, after the focus of the collecting lens is fixed, the position of the heat collector corresponding to the disc type condenser can be fixed, and the heat collector/the heat collectors can be conveniently connected with other devices (such as energy storage devices and the like) with fixed positions in the solar step heat collecting system, so that the economy of the solar step heat collecting system is further improved.
Preferably, the vertical tracking means comprises:
a first train; and the combination of (a) and (b),
the condenser lens can move along the first sliding rail through the first wheel train, the moving track is arc-shaped, and the radius of the track is the focal length of the condenser lens; the first sliding rail is fixedly connected to the horizontal tracking component.
The condenser is controlled to move on the first sliding rail through the first gear train, and the movement track of the condenser is arc-shaped, so that the focus of the condenser can be kept to be not displaced in the vertical direction as long as the movement of the condenser is adaptive to the change of the solar altitude angle.
Preferably, the horizontal tracking means includes:
the vertical tracking component is fixedly connected to the base;
the second sliding rail is arc-shaped, and the rotation center of the second sliding rail is right below the focus of the condenser lens; and a process for the preparation of a coating,
a second train; the base moves along the second slide rail through the second gear train.
During tracking, along with the change of the indexing angle of the sun, the second gear train drives the base, the vertical tracking part and the condensing lens to rotate by the same angle as the change of the indexing angle of the sun, so that the focus of the condensing lens can be kept still in the horizontal direction.
Preferably, the heat collector comprises a pipe and a transparent cover; the transparent cover is internally vacuum, the pipe fitting penetrates through the transparent cover, and the working medium flows through the pipe fitting. The transparent cover is internally vacuum, and the vacuum at the position forms a heat insulation layer, so that the heat convection loss between working media in the pipe fitting and the outside can be reduced.
Preferably, the heat collector further comprises a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is covered on the transparent cover, and an area for receiving the reflection light spot of the condenser lens is reserved on the transparent cover. The heat collector is partially covered with a transparent cover for reducing radiation loss of the heat collector and heat convection loss inside and outside the glass cover.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the existing solar system, the solar heat collection system provided by the invention improves the outlet temperature of the molten salt and the system efficiency of the mirror field under the condition that the heat loss of the heat collector is the same or lower; moreover, the solar heat collecting system reduces the construction cost of the mirror field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light-gathering and heat-collecting module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first wheel train according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second wheel train according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat collector according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
first heat collecting section 10
Second heat collecting section 20
First heat collecting section 21
Second heat collecting section 22
Conveying pipe 30
Fresnel type condenser 41
Heat collector 42
Pipe 421
Transparent cover 422
Insulating layer 423
Dish condenser 43
Condenser 431
First slide rail 432
Track 4321
First train 433
First support 4331
First guide wheel 4332
First bearing wheel 4333
Support structure 434
Base 435
Second train 436
Second support 4361
Second bearing wheel 4362
Second guide wheel 4363
Second slide rail 437
Focal point 50
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereby in the scope of the examples described below.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a solar energy stepped heat collecting system, including a working medium and at least two heat collecting sections, where each heat collecting section includes at least one light gathering and heat collecting module, and the working medium is sequentially heated by each heat collecting section; the heat collection section comprises a medium temperature heat collection section and a high temperature heat collection section, and the working medium is heated by the medium temperature heat collection section and the high temperature heat collection section in sequence.
Specifically, the working medium can enter the light-gathering and heat-collecting module for heating by taking the conveying pipeline 30 as a carrier, and the flow direction of the working medium is as indicated by an arrow in fig. 1; the working medium can adopt molten salt, water vapor and the like.
The medium temperature heat collecting section is a heat collecting section with relatively low temperature of the working medium, and the high temperature heat collecting section is a heat collecting section with relatively high temperature of the working medium; when the solar energy cascade heat collecting system comprises a plurality of medium temperature heat collecting sections and a plurality of high temperature heat collecting sections, the working medium is heated by the medium temperature heat collecting sections and the high temperature heat collecting sections in sequence.
Each heat collecting section is provided with at least one light-gathering heat collecting module, and when a plurality of light-gathering heat collecting modules exist in the same heat collecting section, the light-gathering heat collecting modules are arranged in parallel or in series or in a mode of combining parallel connection and series connection according to the requirements of a design scheme. The working fluid can be heated at least once in each heat collection section.
The working medium flows through each heat collecting section in sequence, so that the working medium can be heated at least twice in the solar energy stepped heat collecting system, and the rising temperature of the working medium is greatly increased; in the solar energy cascade heat collecting system coupled by the plurality of heat collecting sections, each light-gathering heat collecting module can share one set of other equipment (such as energy storage equipment, a steam turbine generator unit and the like).
The fluid working medium temperature in the heat collector of the Fresnel condenser is reduced, so that the heat loss of the heat collector in the low-temperature heat collection section is reduced; because cosine efficiency is not needed to be considered when the disc type solar system tracks the sun, compared with the traditional trough type solar system and tower type solar system, the solar energy stepped heat collecting system provided by the embodiment of the invention has higher efficiency, and under the condition of the same output temperature and thermal power, the system provided by the embodiment of the invention has lower construction cost because a heat collecting tower is not needed to be built.
Further, the light and heat collecting modules comprise light concentrators, the light concentrators of the light and heat collecting modules in the middle temperature heat collecting section all adopt Fresnel light concentrators 41, and the light concentrators of the light and heat collecting modules in the high temperature heat collecting section all adopt disc light concentrators 43.
Specifically, the medium-temperature heat collecting section adopts the line-focusing Fresnel condenser 41 to heat the working medium, and the temperature of the working medium in the medium-temperature heat collecting section is relatively low, so that the heat loss of the heat collector corresponding to the Fresnel condenser is small, and the system efficiency of the whole mirror field is favorably improved; and a point-focusing disc type condenser 43 is adopted in the high-temperature heat collecting section to heat the working medium, and the heat loss of a corresponding heat collector is small due to the large light-gathering ratio of the disc type condenser.
Because the construction cost of the light and heat collecting module based on the Fresnel condenser 41 is low, the light and heat collecting module based on the disc condenser 43 can be added to the solar energy stepped heat collecting system on the basis of the existing Fresnel solar energy system, and the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is realized.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes the step heat collection and simultaneously considers the system efficiency and the economic performance of the mirror field in the solar step heat collection system by coupling the light-gathering and heat-collecting modules based on the Fresnel type condenser and the disc type condenser.
Referring to fig. 1, the solar stepped heat collecting system further includes two heat collecting sections, which are defined as a first heat collecting section 10 and a second heat collecting section 20, wherein the first heat collecting section 10 is the middle-temperature heat collecting section, the second heat collecting section 20 is a high-temperature heat collecting section, and the working medium is sequentially heated by the first heat collecting section 10 and the second heat collecting section 20.
Specifically, the first heat collecting section 10 adopts a fresnel condenser, and the second heat collecting section 20 adopts a disc condenser 43; the first heat collecting section 10 and the second heat collecting section 20 respectively comprise at least one light gathering and heat collecting module, and the working medium enters the light gathering and heat collecting module of the second heat collecting section 20 for heating after being heated by the light gathering and heat collecting module of the first heat collecting section 10, so that the stepped heating is realized.
With continued reference to fig. 1, further, the second heat collecting section 20 includes at least two heat collecting sections connected in series, and each heat collecting section includes at least one light-gathering heat collecting module.
Specifically, when a plurality of light-gathering and heat-collecting modules are arranged in one heat-collecting section, the light-gathering and heat-collecting modules are preferably arranged in parallel. The heat collecting sections are arranged in series, and each heat collecting section is at least provided with one light-gathering heat collecting module, so that the working medium is heated at least twice in the second heat collecting section 20 and at least three times in the whole solar energy stepped heat collecting system, and the temperature of the working medium is further improved. In this embodiment, the plurality of light-gathering and heat-collecting modules are arranged to make the whole second heat-collecting section 20 obtain a larger power, so that the light-gathering and heat-collecting module based on the disc condenser 43 can be applied to high-power generation.
Of course, in other embodiments, the second heat collecting section 20 may have only one heat collecting section, and the heat collecting section may have one concentrator module therein, or a plurality of concentrator modules arranged in parallel.
With reference to fig. 1, the second heat collecting section 20 includes two heat collecting sections, which are defined as a first heat collecting section 21 and a second heat collecting section 22; the two ends of the first heat collecting subsection 21 are respectively connected with the first heat collecting subsection 10 and the second heat collecting subsection 22; the first heat collecting section 21 comprises at least two light-gathering and heat-collecting modules, and the second heat collecting section 22 comprises at least one light-gathering and heat-collecting module; a plurality of light-gathering and heat-collecting modules in the first heat-collecting section 21 are connected in parallel and then connected into one light-gathering and heat-collecting module in the second heat-collecting section 22.
Specifically, the first heat collecting section 21 is provided with a plurality of light and heat collecting modules, the light and heat collecting modules can be connected in parallel two by two to form a small light and heat collecting unit, and different light and heat collecting units can be arranged in parallel; in addition, an input port can be arranged on each light-gathering and heat-collecting module in the first heat-collecting section 21, or an input port can be arranged in the unit of a light-gathering and heat-collecting unit, correspondingly, output ports corresponding to the input ports in a one-to-one manner can be arranged in the first heat-collecting section 10, and the working medium enters the first heat-collecting section 21 through the input ports.
With respect to the second heat collecting section 20, fig. 1 gives a schematic: the first heat collecting section 21 has two light-gathering and heat-collecting modules, and the two light-gathering and heat-collecting modules are connected in parallel and then connected into one light-gathering and heat-collecting module in the second heat collecting section 22, so that the working medium is heated twice in the second heat collecting section 20, and the temperature is increased twice.
Of course, the second heat collecting section 20 is not limited to the scheme shown in FIG. 1, and in other embodiments, the second heat collecting section 20 may have more heat collecting sections; more light-gathering and heat-collecting modules can be connected in parallel in the first heat-collecting section 21 and then connected into one light-gathering and heat-collecting module in the second heat-collecting section 22.
Referring to fig. 1, further, the first heat collecting section 10 includes a plurality of light gathering and heat collecting modules, and the light gathering and heat collecting modules in the first heat collecting section 10 are connected in parallel two by two and then connected to one light gathering and heat collecting module in the second heat collecting section 20.
Specifically, fig. 1 shows a schematic: the first heat collecting section 10 includes four light-gathering and heat-collecting modules, and each two of the four light-gathering and heat-collecting modules are connected in parallel and then connected to the first heat collecting section 21. The system efficiency and the economical efficiency of the solar energy step heat collection system are improved by distributing the number ratio of the light and heat collection modules based on the Fresnel type condenser 41 to the light and heat collection modules based on the disc type condenser 43.
Referring to fig. 2, further, the light-gathering and heat-collecting module further includes a heat collector 42, and the dish-type light collector 43 in the high-temperature heat-collecting section (including the second heat-collecting section 20) includes a light-gathering mirror 431, a vertical tracking component and a horizontal tracking component; wherein, the condenser 431 is movably connected with the vertical tracking component which is fixedly connected with the horizontal tracking component; the vertical tracking component adjusts the focus 50 of the collecting lens 431 to have no displacement in the vertical direction according to the change of the solar altitude angle, the horizontal tracking component adjusts the focus 50 of the collecting lens 431 to have no displacement in the horizontal direction according to the change of the solar azimuth angle, the vertical tracking component and the horizontal tracking component enable the plane where the opening of the collecting lens 431 is located to be perpendicular to the light of sunlight, and the focus 50 of the collecting lens 431 is on the heat collector 42.
Specifically, the collecting mirror 431 of the dish condenser 43 is a rotating parabolic reflector, and the collecting mirror 431 may be composed of a plurality of plane mirrors, and a gap is left between the plane mirrors to reduce wind resistance. The condenser 431 can be implemented by the prior art, so the detailed structure and operation thereof will not be described in detail here.
The vertical tracking part adjusts the opening of the condenser lens 431 according to the change of the solar altitude angle so that the focal point 50 of the condenser lens 431 is not displaced in the vertical direction; the horizontal tracking means adjusts the opening of the condenser lens 431 in accordance with the change of the solar azimuth angle so that the focal point 50 of the condenser lens 431 is not displaced in the horizontal direction. The fact that there is no displacement of the focal point 50 of the condenser 431 in the vertical direction and no displacement in the horizontal direction is a theoretical case, and in actual operation, there may be a slight displacement of the focal point 50 of the condenser 431 in consideration of systematic errors.
The vertical tracking part and the horizontal tracking part may control the focal point 50 of the condenser lens 431 to be constant by means of motor-based control or hydraulic-based control. After the focus 50 of the condenser 431 is fixed, the position of the heat collector 42 corresponding to the disc condenser 43 can be fixed, and then the heat collector 42 can not only facilitate the coupling of the light-collecting and heat-collecting modules based on the disc condenser to the light-collecting and heat-collecting modules of the same type or different types, but also facilitate the connection of other devices (such as energy storage devices and the like) with fixed positions in the solar energy stepped heat-collecting system, thereby further improving the economy of the solar energy stepped heat-collecting system.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, further, the vertical tracking component includes a first sliding rail 432 and a first wheel train 433, wherein the first sliding rail 432 is fixed on the horizontal tracking component; the condenser 431 can move along the first slide rail 432 through the first wheel train 433, the moving track is arc-shaped, and the radius of the track is the focal length of the condenser 431.
Specifically, the first sliding rail 432 may be an arc structure with two rails 4321 to improve the stability of the condenser 431 during movement; as shown in fig. 3, the center positions of the two tracks 4321 are located on the same virtual circle c formed by the center of the focus 50, that is, the focus 50 is the center of the two tracks 4321, therefore, the radius of the track 4321 overlaps the distance a generated by the first wheel train on the basis of the focal length f of the condenser, and the distance a is the distance between the top of the condenser and the intersection o formed by the axial line of the condenser extending downward and the virtual circle c. The installation positions of the first sliding rail 432 and the collecting mirror 431 are adjusted, so that the radius of the track where the collecting mirror 431 runs along the first sliding rail 432 is the focal length of the collecting mirror 431, and the adjustment of the installation positions of the first sliding rail 432 and the collecting mirror 431 can be realized by the prior art, so that the detailed description is omitted here. The minimum value of the length of the first slide rail 432 is equal to the maximum change value of the solar altitude angle of the area where the solar energy step heat collecting system is located multiplied by the distance a so as to track the sun at any position of the area; in addition, the arc tangent line at the highest position of the first slide rail 432 is preferably perpendicular to the ground.
The first sliding track 432 is secured to the horizontal tracking member by a support structure 434 for synchronous movement with the horizontal tracking member. The change of the rotation angle of the first slide rail is equal to the change of the altitude angle of the sun; the top of the condenser 431 may be perpendicular to the arc tangent of the first slide rail 432.
The first gear train 433 holds the two rails 4321 of the first slide rail 432 and can move or brake on the two rails 4321. The first train 433 can be implemented in various ways, and fig. 3 shows a schematic structure of the first train 433. The first train 433 includes a first bracket 4331, a first bearing wheel 4333, and a first guide wheel 4332. The first bracket 4331 is used to fix other components in the first train 433 and fix the condenser 431. The first support 4331 is a symmetrical structure, and both sides of the first support 4331 are provided with a first bearing wheel 4333 and a first guide wheel 4332, taking the first bearing wheel 4333 and the first guide wheel 4332 on one side of the first support 4331 as an example: the first bearing wheels 4333 are arranged in pairs above and below the track 4321, and the pair of first bearing wheels 4333 hug the track 4321; the first bearing wheel 4333 is provided with a driving device, such as a stepping motor, etc., and the driving device drives the first bearing wheel 4333 to move, so as to control the movement of the condenser lens 431; the braking of the first bearing wheel 4333 is preferably achieved by the idle driving device, but in other embodiments, a braking structure may be separately provided in the first train 433 to brake the first bearing wheel 4333; the first guide wheels 4332 abut against the inner side of the rail 4321, and the two first guide wheels 4332 guide the first train 433 together to prevent the deviation thereof, thereby improving the stability of the condenser 431 during operation.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, further, the horizontal tracking component includes a base 435, a second sliding rail 437 and a second wheel train 436; wherein the vertical tracking member is fixedly connected to the base 435; the second slide rail 437 is circular arc-shaped, and the rotation center thereof is right below the focal point 50 of the condenser 431; the base 435 is moved along a second slide rail 437 by a second train 436.
In particular, the base 435 may be a disk having a sector, such as a sector having an arc of 180 degrees, 90 degrees, or 60 degrees, and the support structure 434 may be secured to the base 435 at a central location. For example, the base 435 is a 60-degree sector, and the support mechanism is fixed at a position near 30 degrees of the sector, so that the force applied to the base 435 is symmetrical, and the running stability of the base is improved.
The second sliding rail 437 is a circular arc whose outer track radius is preferably close to the focal length of the condenser lens 431. The center of rotation of the second sliding rail 437 is directly below the focal point 50 of the condenser lens 431, and thus, the movement of the condenser lens 431 in the horizontal direction can be adjusted as the base 435 moves along the second sliding rail 437, thereby performing azimuth change of tracking the sun. The cross-sectional shape of the second sliding rail 437 may be as shown in fig. 4.
The second wheel system 436 is used for realizing the movement of the base 435 along the second sliding rail 437, and the specific structure thereof may be various, and fig. 4 illustrates one structure:
the second train wheel 436 includes a second bracket 4361, a second bearing wheel 4362, and a second guide wheel 4363. The second wheel train 436 has a symmetrical structure, taking one side as an example: the second bracket 4361 is used to fix the base 435 and other components in the second wheel system 436. The second bearing wheel 4362 is rotatably connected to the second support 4361, and the second bearing wheel 4362 can be driven by the stepping motor to move on the second sliding rail 437. The second guide wheels 4363 are disposed at both side portions of the second sliding rail 437, and the second bearing wheels 4362 are guided by the two second guide wheels 4363 clamping the second sliding rail 437. During tracking, the second wheel system 436 drives the base 435, the vertical tracking member and the collecting mirror 431 to rotate by the same angle as the change of the division angle of the sun, so that the focus 50 of the collecting mirror 431 is kept stationary in the horizontal direction.
Referring to fig. 5, further, the heat collector 42 includes a tube 421 and a transparent cover 422; the transparent cover 422 is internally vacuum, the pipe 421 penetrates through the transparent cover 422, and working medium flows through the pipe 421.
Specifically, the pipe 421 is used for flowing working medium, and the pipe 421 can be fixed in the transparent cover 422 through the pipe plate. The tube 421 can be made of metal at the position corresponding to the spot imaging so as to obtain better heat conduction effect; the portion of the tube member 421 located inside the transparent cover 422 may be coated with a coating material for increasing the absorption of solar radiation on the outer wall of the tube member 421, so as to obtain better heat absorption effect. The position where the transparent cover 422 is connected with the pipe 421 is sealed; the transparent cover 422 is vacuum inside, and the vacuum at the position forms a heat insulation layer, so that the heat convection loss between the working medium in the pipe 421 and the outside can be reduced. The transparent cover 422 can be a semicircular tube or a semielliptical tube, and the transparent cover 422 is preferably thin so as to improve the transmittance of light; preferably, the transparent cover 422 may be made of glass.
Of course, in other embodiments, it is within the scope of the present invention to use a conventional metal tube, or glass round tube, or ceramic porous media for the heat collector 42.
Referring to fig. 5, further, the heat collector 42 further includes an insulating layer 423, the insulating layer 423 covers the transparent cover 422, and an area for receiving the light spot reflected by the condenser 431 is reserved on the transparent cover 422.
Specifically, the heat collector 42 partially covers the transparent cover 422 to reduce radiation loss of the heat collector 42 and convective heat transfer loss inside and outside the transparent cover 422.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A solar energy cascade heat collecting system comprises a working medium and is characterized in that the solar energy cascade heat collecting system comprises at least two heat collecting sections, each heat collecting section comprises at least one light-gathering heat collecting module,
the heat collection section comprises a medium temperature heat collection section and a high temperature heat collection section, and the working medium is heated by the medium temperature heat collection section and the high temperature heat collection section in sequence;
the light and heat collecting modules comprise light collectors, the light collectors of the light and heat collecting modules of the middle temperature heat collecting section all adopt Fresnel light collectors, and the light collectors of the light and heat collecting modules of the high temperature heat collecting section all adopt disc light collectors;
the light and heat collecting module further comprises a heat collector, and the disc type light collector comprises:
the focus of the condenser is on the heat collector;
the vertical tracking component adjusts the focus of the condensing lens to have no displacement in the vertical direction according to the change of the solar altitude angle; and a process for the preparation of a coating,
the horizontal tracking component is fixedly connected to the horizontal tracking component, and the horizontal tracking component adjusts the focus of the condensing lens to have no displacement in the horizontal direction according to the change of the solar azimuth angle;
the vertical tracking component and the horizontal tracking component enable a plane where the opening of the condenser lens is located to be vertical to the rays of sunlight;
the vertical tracking component includes:
a first train; and the combination of (a) and (b),
the condenser lens moves along the first sliding rail through the first wheel train, the moving track is arc-shaped, and the radius of the track is the focal length of the condenser lens; the first sliding rail is fixedly connected to the horizontal tracking component;
the first sliding rail is of a double-rail arc-shaped structure;
the first wheel train clamps the two rails, the first wheel train comprises a first support, a first bearing wheel and a first guide wheel, the first support is of a symmetrical structure, and the first bearing wheel and the first guide wheel are arranged on two sides of the first support;
the structure of any side of the first support is as follows: the first bearing wheels are arranged in pairs in the up-down direction of the track and tightly hold the track; the first guide wheel is pressed against the inner side of the rail.
2. The solar stepped heat collection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar stepped heat collection system comprises two heat collection sections, which are defined as a first heat collection section and a second heat collection section, respectively, the first heat collection section is the medium temperature heat collection section, and the second heat collection section is the high temperature heat collection section.
3. The solar stepped heat collection system of claim 2, wherein the second heat collection section comprises at least two heat collection sections arranged in series, each heat collection section comprising at least one concentrator heat collection module.
4. The solar stepped heat collection system of claim 3, wherein the second heat collection section comprises two heat collection sections defining a first heat collection section and a second heat collection section, respectively; two ends of the first heat collection segment are respectively connected with the first heat collection segment and the second heat collection segment;
the first heat collection section comprises at least two light-gathering heat collection modules, and the second heat collection section comprises at least one light-gathering heat collection module; and a plurality of light-gathering and heat-collecting modules in the first heat-collecting section are connected in parallel and then are connected into one light-gathering and heat-collecting module in the second heat-collecting section.
5. The solar energy cascade heat collecting system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first heat collecting section comprises a plurality of the light-gathering and heat collecting modules, and the light-gathering and heat collecting modules in the first heat collecting section are connected in parallel two by two and then connected to one light-gathering and heat collecting module in the second heat collecting section.
6. The solar step heat collection system of claim 1, wherein the horizontal tracking component comprises:
the vertical tracking component is fixedly connected to the base;
the second sliding rail is arc-shaped, and the rotation center of the second sliding rail is right below the focus of the condenser lens; and a process for the preparation of a coating,
a second train; the base moves along the second slide rail through the second gear train.
7. The solar step heat collection system of claim 1, wherein the heat collector comprises a tube and a transparent cover; the transparent cover is internally vacuum, the pipe fitting penetrates through the transparent cover, and the working medium flows through the pipe fitting.
8. The solar stepped heat collection system of claim 7, wherein the heat collector further comprises a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer is disposed on the transparent cover, and an area for receiving the reflected light spot of the condenser lens is reserved on the transparent cover.
CN201910689312.0A 2019-07-29 2019-07-29 Solar energy step heat collecting system Active CN110388757B (en)

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