CN110386989A - 一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110386989A
CN110386989A CN201910652912.XA CN201910652912A CN110386989A CN 110386989 A CN110386989 A CN 110386989A CN 201910652912 A CN201910652912 A CN 201910652912A CN 110386989 A CN110386989 A CN 110386989A
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丁士勇
刘琴
杨登慧
赵吉斌
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明属于改性淀粉制备技术领域,具体涉及一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制备方法。其制备方法为:以质量计的配方如下:以木薯淀粉100份为基数:木薯淀粉:100份;一水柠檬酸:50份;蒸馏水:150份;甘氨酸活化剂:5份。制备为:(1)配制淀粉乳;(2)淀粉乳活化;(2)淀粉乳的酯化;(3)水洗;(5)干燥、粉碎。本发明制备的高取代度柠檬酸酯化淀粉,具有粘度低,可耐95℃高温而不糊化的特性,抗性淀粉含量高达86%,是很好的膳食纤维食品原料。

Description

一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于改性淀粉制备技术领域,具体涉及一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制备方法。根据木薯淀粉结构,本发明向其中加入活化剂、酯化剂,经湿热处理,制得具有低粘性、高抗性的柠檬酸酯化变性木薯淀粉。
背景技术
淀粉是一种天然高分子碳水化合物,由脱水葡萄糖基通过α-1,4糖苷键和α-1,6糖苷键结合而成的天然高分子化合物,包括直链淀粉和支链淀粉。原淀粉糊化温度高、稳定性差、易凝沉等局限性,不能满足生产加工对淀粉稳定性的需求,需要对其进行改性处理,酯化是提高原淀粉稳定性的最常用手段。
柠檬酸相对于其他酯化剂来,是一种营养无害天然无毒的多元酸,加热导致分子内脱水生产成酸酐,柠檬酸酐可以与木薯淀粉发生酯化反应,进一步加热,柠檬酸分子内继续脱去水,生成的柠檬酸酐与木薯淀粉发生进一步反应生成柠檬酸二酯、三酯等。酯化反应的发生在淀粉分子中引入羧基,增强了稳定性,同时又使柠檬酸酯化淀粉表现出良好的抗性、吸附性等。柠檬酸酯化淀粉具有抗消化的作用,可以抵抗酶的降解,并且能够提供更多人体所需的膳食纤维。
通过变性处理后(如酯化和醚化反应),在淀粉分子上引入亲水性基团,则可以提高淀粉分子亲水能力,阻碍淀粉分子间以氢键形式缔合,可以使淀粉在室温、低温保藏或经历反复冻融过程中不易回生,从而避免食品发生凝沉或胶凝现象,形成水质分离。基于此,本发明以氨基酸为活化剂,以柠檬酸为酯化剂,经湿热处理,生产低粘度、高抗性木薯变性淀粉,以拓展淀粉的应用。
经文献检索,柠檬酸酯化淀粉的案例很多,但结合氨基酸活化,以生产低粘度、高抗性淀粉的研究尚无报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于利用差异化的工艺技术,,提供一种低粘度高抗性的淀粉制备方法。本发明制备的柠檬酸酯化淀粉具有低粘度和高抗性特点。较之原淀粉,其粘度大幅降低,抗性淀粉达到86%。
本发明具体技术方案如下所述:
一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制备方法,以质量计的配方如下:
以木薯淀粉100份为基数:
木薯淀粉:100份;
一水柠檬酸:50份;
蒸馏水:150份;
甘氨酸活化剂:5份;
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)配制淀粉乳:按配方量称取木薯淀粉,加入配方量内100份的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀,制得淀粉乳,
(2)淀粉乳活化:按配方量称取甘氨酸活化剂,加入淀粉乳中,用浓度为1%的氢氧化钠溶液调节淀粉乳的pH至9,搅拌,活化40min,得到淀粉乳;
(3)按配方量称取柠檬酸溶于配方量内50份的蒸馏水中,加入到步骤(2)的淀粉乳中,用浓度为1%的氢氧化钠溶液调节淀粉乳的pH至3,得到混合物,再将所得的混合物置于40℃水浴锅,搅拌30min,使其充分混合;在室温下静置4h,排除上层液体,取沉淀放入鼓风干燥箱,50℃,脱水干燥10h;
(4)取出干燥样品,粉碎,过100目筛,放入鼓风干燥箱,在120℃,酯化5h;
(5)取出酯化样品,用蒸馏水反复洗涤三次,以洗去未反应的柠檬酸;
(6)将洗涤后的样品,于50℃,干燥10h;然后粉碎,过100目筛,得成品。
本发明的有益效果:
淀粉是葡萄糖分子聚合而成的,属于可再生的天然化合物,是重要的工业原料,但由于原淀粉糊化温度较高,稳定性差,易凝沉等局限性,不能满足生产加工对淀粉稳定性的需求,需要对其进行改性处理。酯化是提高原淀粉稳定性的最常用手段。
酯化反应的发生在淀粉分子中引入羧基,增强了稳定性,同时又使柠檬酸酯化淀粉表现出良好的抗性和吸附性等。柠檬酸酯化淀粉具有抗消化的作用,可以抵抗酶的降解,能够提供更多人体所需的膳食纤维。高取代度柠檬酸酯化木薯淀粉增强了淀粉糊在储藏过程中的稳定性,且会使淀粉在高温下也不会发生糊化等各种优点。
本发明所制备的高取代度柠檬酸酯化淀粉,具有粘度低,可耐95℃高温而不糊化的特性,本发明制备的淀粉,其中抗性淀粉含量高达86%,是很好的膳食纤维食品原料。
附图说明
图1:本发明的工艺流程。
图2:本发明制备的酯化淀粉(抗性淀粉)的布拉邦德粘度曲线。附图标记说明:本发明较之原淀粉和尿素活化的酯化淀粉,即本发明的5%甘氨酸活化后的酯化淀粉,粘度低、糊化温度高、抗性好。
图3:原淀粉和经过本发明制备的柠檬酸酯化淀粉(抗性淀粉)红外光谱。附图标记说明:图3中的A图:原淀粉,无酯化键吸收峰;图3中的B图:本发明的柠檬酸酯化淀粉,在1738cm-1处有明显的酯化键吸收峰。
图4:原淀粉及经过本发明制备的酯化淀粉(抗性淀粉)400x显微图。附图标记说明:图4中的A图:原淀粉;图4中的B图:本发明的柠檬酸酯化淀粉,淀粉颗粒稍有溶胀,园球形变为不规则多边形。
具体实施方式
在实施例中,申请人提供了利用本发明制得柠檬酸酯化淀粉的方法,生产出低粘度、高抗性的变性淀粉。具体应用步骤如下:
实施例:低粘度高抗性淀粉(即抗性淀粉)的制备
一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制备方法,以质量计的配方如下:
以木薯淀粉100份为基数:
木薯淀粉:100份;
一水柠檬酸:50份;
蒸馏水:150份;
甘氨酸活化剂:5份;
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)配制淀粉乳:按配方量称取木薯淀粉,加入配方量内100份的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀,制得淀粉乳,
(2)淀粉乳活化:按配方量称取甘氨酸活化剂,加入淀粉乳中,用浓度为1%的氢氧化钠溶液调节淀粉乳的pH至9,搅拌,活化40min,得到淀粉乳;
(3)按配方量称取柠檬酸溶于配方量内50份的蒸馏水中,加入到步骤(2)的淀粉乳中,用浓度为1%的氢氧化钠溶液调节淀粉乳的pH至3,得到混合物,再将所得的混合物置于40℃水浴锅,搅拌30min,使其充分混合;在室温下静置4h,排除上层液体,取沉淀放入鼓风干燥箱,50℃,脱水干燥10h;
(4)取出干燥样品,粉碎,过100目筛,放入鼓风干燥箱,在120℃,酯化5h;
(5)取出酯化样品,用蒸馏水反复洗涤三次,以洗去未反应的柠檬酸;
(6)将洗涤后的样品,于50℃,干燥10h;然后粉碎,过100目筛,得成品。
其中:原料中的木薯淀粉为广西高源淀粉制品有限公司生产,蒸馏水为广东屈臣氏食品饮料有限公司生产;甘氨酸为国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
本发明制备的酯化淀粉(抗性淀粉)由于其绿色无毒而被广泛地应用于食品行业,同时对重金属离子有吸附性,又可以应用于污水处理行业。在食品工业中可改善食品组织结构,延长制品货架期,可以用于调味品、面制品、肉制品、膨化休闲食品、代餐食品、冲剂制品等。在医药行业,可以用作防粘剂、润滑剂、防潮剂等。在造纸、纺织、材料等领域,柠檬酸酯化木薯淀粉不仅是一类生物可降解的材料,而且还具有替代许多非环保型原料的潜力。

Claims (1)

1.一种低粘度高抗性淀粉的制作方法,其特征在于,以质量计的配方如下:
以木薯淀粉100份为基数:
木薯淀粉:100份;
一水柠檬酸:50份;
蒸馏水:150份;
甘氨酸活化剂:5份;
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)配制淀粉乳:按配方量称取木薯淀粉,加入配方量内100份的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀,制得淀粉乳,
(2)淀粉乳活化:按配方量称取甘氨酸活化剂,加入淀粉乳中,用浓度为1%的氢氧化钠溶液调节淀粉乳的pH至9,搅拌,活化40min,得到淀粉乳;
(3)按配方量称取柠檬酸溶于配方量内50份的蒸馏水中,加入到步骤(2)的淀粉乳中,用浓度为1%的氢氧化钠溶液调节淀粉乳的pH至3,得到混合物,再将所得的混合物置于40℃水浴锅,搅拌30min,使其充分混合;在室温下静置4h,排除上层液体,取沉淀放入鼓风干燥箱,50℃,脱水干燥10h;
(4)取出干燥样品,粉碎,过100目筛,放入鼓风干燥箱,在120℃,酯化5h;
(5)取出酯化样品,用蒸馏水反复洗涤三次,以洗去未反应的柠檬酸;
(6)将洗涤后的样品,于50℃,干燥10h;然后粉碎,过100目筛,得成品。
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