CN110386666B - Surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment - Google Patents
Surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment, which comprises a pretreatment area, an aerobic surface flow wet area, an anoxic surface flow wet area, a composite pond system and a leaching pond, wherein after sewage to be treated flows through the pretreatment area for precipitation and aeration, the sewage flows through the aerobic surface flow wet area for aerobic decomposition and nitration of organic matters, meanwhile, leachate of the leaching pond is used for supplementing a carbon source in a water body, effluent of the aerobic surface flow wet area and effluent of the leaching pond are mixed and then flow into the anoxic surface flow wet area for denitrification, effluent of the anoxic surface flow wet area flows into the composite pond system, and residual refractory nutrient substances in the water body are further removed by an anaerobic-aerobic-pond structure of the composite pond system. The invention can obviously improve the problem of poor denitrification efficiency of large and medium surface flow wetlands in sewage treatment, has good dephosphorization effect, realizes the reutilization of plant straws, and has simple and convenient maintenance and lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment.
Background
As an ecological water quality purification technology, the artificial wetland can give full play to the synergistic action among substrates, plants and microorganisms, and ensure that the treated water quality reaches the standard and is discharged, but at present, a composite wetland system of 'surface flow + subsurface flow' is mainly used, and the system usually takes the surface flow wetland as a pretreatment unit, which is related to the characteristics of the surface flow wetland. The atmospheric reoxygenation of the surface flow wetland ensures that the dissolved oxygen in the water body is sufficient, the nitrification is strong, the removal of phosphorus is high under the appropriate hydraulic retention time, but the denitrification capability is very limited, so that the integral denitrification effect is poor, the denitrification capability of the wetland system must be enhanced by the subsurface flow wetland, but the subsurface flow wetland has more complex structure, the difficulty in cleaning the substrate in the long-term operation process is large, and the construction cost is high for large and medium-sized wetland systems.
The single surface flow wetland system is mainly used in the process of advanced sewage treatment or slightly polluted water treatment, and because the easily degradable nutritive salts in the water body are basically removed, the adopted surface flow wetland ensures more stable water quality of the effluent of the wetland, improves the level of dissolved oxygen in the water body, prevents the water quality deterioration under the anoxic condition, and has weak effect of improving the water quality.
Wetland plant reaps as an important link in the wetland operation maintenance management, the treatment effeciency that adds the plant carbon source and promote the wetland exists among the prior art, but mostly with special water such as processing low carbon-nitrogen ratio as the main, and mainly be miniature sewage treatment unit, the structure is comparatively complicated, can not embody the advantage of plant carbon source, simultaneously because can produce the nutritive salt of partial organic state after the plant hydrolyzes, this part nutrient substance is difficult for degrading, lack the aftertreatment measure and can form secondary pollution to the water.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment, which can strengthen the nitrification capacity of the surface flow wetland by optimizing water distribution, controlling aeration and plant density, adding a carbon source to ensure the denitrification process, removing refractory substances by adopting the composite pond system, further removing nitrogen and phosphorus, ensuring the quality of effluent to be stable and reach the standard, has simple integral structure and strong long-term operation capacity, and can be used for sewage treatment of large and medium-scale water quantity.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment, which comprises a pretreatment area, an aerobic surface flow wet area, an anoxic surface flow wet area, a composite pond system and a leaching pond; after the sewage to be treated flows through the pretreatment zone for sedimentation and aeration treatment, the sewage flows through the aerobic surface flow wetland zone for aerobic decomposition and nitration of organic matters, and meanwhile, leachate of the leaching tank is used for supplementing a carbon source in a water body; mixing the water flowing out of the aerobic surface flow wet area and the leaching tank, and then flowing through the anoxic surface flow wet area for denitrification; the water flowing out of the anoxic surface wetting area flows into the composite pond system to further degrade organic matters such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and can further remove the residual refractory nutrient substances.
Furthermore, a water inlet of the pretreatment area is provided with a water-dropping aeration overflow weir, and a water outlet is provided with a water-dropping aeration thin-wall weir; the pretreatment region further comprises an S-shaped precipitation region; the sedimentation zone is provided with an overflow plate, and holes are uniformly distributed on the lower half part of the overflow plate.
Further, a reticular platform is arranged in the leaching tank to divide the leaching tank into an upper plant straw stacking area and a lower water collecting area; a wetland is stacked on the reticular platform to harvest plant straws; the water inflow of the leaching tank is sprayed on the harvested plant straws of the wetland in a feather-shaped spraying mode, and the water flow forms leachate after the plant straws are harvested by the wetland to seep out and be collected in the lower-layer water collecting area; the water in the lower water collecting area is mixed with the water flowing out of the aerobic surface flow wetland area after flowing out, and flows into the anoxic surface flow wetland area together.
Further, the composite pond system comprises an anaerobic pond, an artificial medium area and an ecological pond which are sequentially nested from inside to outside; the effluent of the anoxic surface flow wetland area flows into an anaerobic pond to degrade organic matters which are difficult to degrade in the water body; the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic pond is 15-20 h, elastic filler is suspended in the anaerobic pond, water enters from the bottom, and the effluent overflows from the top of the side wall, falls into a water collecting tank, flows into a water distribution tank from the water collecting tank and then uniformly enters an artificial medium area; the artificial medium area is provided with a plurality of layers of medium fillers which are arranged up and down, and water flows into the ecological pond from the side wall perforated tracery wall close to the bottom of the artificial medium area after sequentially passing through the medium fillers; floating-leaf plants and submerged plants are planted in the ecological pond in a staggered mode.
Furthermore, the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic surface wet flowing area is 1-1.5 d, the aerobic surface wet flowing area comprises a plurality of aerobic plant areas which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the aerobic plant areas, and every two of the aerobic plant areas are separated by a water distribution channel; an aerobic zone main water distribution channel is arranged at an inlet of the aerobic surface flow wet area, a communicating pipe is arranged between the water distribution channel and the aerobic zone main water distribution channel, and water flow enters the aerobic plant zone in a drop flow pushing mode; an aerobic zone retaining dam is arranged at the water outlet of the aerobic surface wetting area, a plurality of aerobic zone water outlets are uniformly arranged on the aerobic zone retaining dam, an aerobic zone retaining plate is arranged at the aerobic zone water outlet, and the aerobic zone retaining plate is in an open state during normal operation.
Furthermore, the hydraulic retention time of the anoxic surface wetting area is 8-10 h, the anoxic surface wetting area comprises a plurality of anoxic plant areas which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, and every two anoxic plant areas are separated by a water distribution channel; and a slope is arranged at the bottom of the anoxic surface flow wetland area along the way; an anoxic zone water retaining dam is arranged at the water outlet of the anoxic surface wetting area, a plurality of anoxic zone water outlets are uniformly arranged on the anoxic zone water retaining dam, an anoxic zone water retaining plate is arranged at the anoxic zone water outlet, and the anoxic zone water retaining plate is in an open state during normal operation.
Furthermore, the aerobic surface flow wetland area comprises a plurality of aerobic subareas which are connected in parallel and have the same structure, so that the alternate operation of dry and wet can be ensured; an aerobic zone throttling valve is arranged at the inlet of each aerobic zone; when partial aerobic subareas are subjected to dry falling treatment, the aerobic area throttle valves at the inlets of the partial aerobic subareas are closed, the treatment water amount of the rest aerobic subareas is controlled to be 70-80% of the original total water inflow through the aerobic area throttle valves of the rest aerobic subareas, the aerobic area water baffles of the rest aerobic subareas are closed to ensure that water is kept for a certain time, then the aerobic area water baffles of the rest aerobic subareas are opened for draining, and then the steps are repeated for a plurality of times;
the anoxic surface flow wetland area comprises a plurality of anoxic subareas which are connected in parallel and have the same structure, and dry-wet alternate operation can be ensured; an anoxic zone throttling valve is arranged at the inlet of each anoxic zone; when partial anoxic subareas are subjected to dry falling treatment, the anoxic area throttle valves at the inlets of the partial anoxic subareas are closed, the treatment water amount of the rest anoxic subareas is controlled to be 70% -80% of the original total water inflow through the anoxic area throttle valves of the rest anoxic subareas, the anoxic area water baffles of the rest anoxic subareas are closed to ensure that water is kept for a certain time, then the anoxic area water baffles of the rest anoxic subareas are opened for drainage, and the steps are repeated for a plurality of times.
Further, the emergent aquatic plants comprise reed, cattail, wild rice stem and calamus, and any two or more than two kinds of plants are planted in the aerobic surface wetting area and the anoxic surface wetting area respectively.
Furthermore, the leaching pond and the anaerobic pond respectively comprise at least two parallel and mutually standby using units.
Has the advantages that: (1) the surface flow wetland is integrally arranged in a partition mode, and aerobic and anoxic environments are formed in the wetland by controlling the difference of water depth, plant density, vegetation coverage and water inlet aeration, so that microorganism survival conditions more suitable for each reaction zone are created;
(2) the aerobic surface flow wet area and the anoxic surface flow wetland are divided into units, and meanwhile, the water distribution channel, the communicating pipe, the water outlet dam, the water baffle and the like are internally assisted, so that the wetland can be alternately operated in a dry mode and a wet mode, the problem of treatment efficiency reduction caused by poor matrix dissolved oxygen environment in the long-term operation process of the wetland is solved, and the operation process is simple and high in feasibility;
(3) the leaching pond enables water flow to form leachate to seep out after passing through the plant straws, so that harmful substances generated by long-term soaking are avoided, and the addition amount of the plant carbon source is controllable; the adding position is positioned after the nitrification process and before the denitrification process, so that the problem of insufficient carbon source in the denitrification process can be solved in a real sense, and the denitrification efficiency is improved;
(4) the arrangement of the anaerobic pond can further degrade residual nutrient salt in the leachate and refractory substances in the influent water; the artificial medium area is used as an aerobic microorganism enrichment area, can promote the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus forms, provides nutrient substances for plants and organisms in the ecological pond, is a process for further removing refractory substances in water while the pond system operates stably, and has compact arrangement structure and good landscape effect;
(5) the arrangement of the overflowing plate and the S-shaped settling zone can reduce the flow velocity of a water body and distribute water uniformly, the removal of suspended matters and granular nutritive salt by the pretreatment zone is enhanced, and a plurality of water distribution channels are arranged in the aerobic surface flow wet area and the anoxic surface flow wet area, so that the water can be distributed uniformly, the short flow in the wetland can be prevented, and the invasion among different plant species in the long-term operation process can be prevented;
(6) the whole surface flow wetland-composite pond system has simple later maintenance process, strong long-term operation capability and strong buffer capability on the fluctuation of water quality and water quantity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general plan view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional front view of a pretreatment zone according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a rear portion of a pretreatment section according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an aerobic surface flow wetland area according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an anoxic surface flow wetland area according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a composite pond system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an elevation view of a leaching tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the trough system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a partial elevational view of a trough system according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the water outlet of the aerobic zone according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of a flow plate according to the present invention;
fig. 12 is a structure view of the perforated tracery wall according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a pretreatment region; 2. an aerobic surface wetting area; 3. anoxic surface wetting areas; 4. A composite pond system; 5. a leaching tank; 6. a first collection channel; 7. a second collection channel; 8. a third collection channel; 9. an anaerobic pond; 10. an artificial media region; 11, an ecological pond; 12. a total inlet channel; 13. an overflow weir; 14. an overflow plate; 15. a settling zone; 16. a thin-walled weir; 17. the aerobic zone is provided with a water channel; 18. a first plant region; 19. a second plant region; 20. a third plant region; 21. a fourth plant region; 22. a wet ground distributing ditch; 23. A water outlet of the aerobic zone; 24. a communicating pipe; 25. a main water distribution channel of the anoxic zone; 26. a fifth plant region; 27. a sixth plant region; 28. a water outlet of the anoxic zone; 29. a water collection tank; 30. connecting grooves; 31. a first water distribution tank; 32. a second water distribution tank; 33. perforating a tracery wall; 34. A support; 35. a dam is retained in the aerobic zone; 36. a water retaining dam in an anoxic zone; 37. A first reinforced concrete pipe; 38. a second reinforced concrete pipe; 39. a first anaerobic zone; 40. a second anaerobic zone; 41. a cover plate with holes; 42. a water distribution pipe; 43. a mesh platform; 44. an upper plant straw stacking area; 45. a lower water collecting area; 46. a pump; 47. a water inlet pipe of the leaching tank; 48. a water outlet pipe of the leaching tank; 49. a gate valve; 50. A filler; 51. an aerobic zone throttling valve; 52. a water baffle plate of the aerobic zone; 53. a water baffle of the anoxic zone; 54. an anoxic zone throttle valve.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 12, a surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment comprises a pretreatment area 1, an aerobic surface flow wet area 2, an anoxic surface flow wet area 3, a composite pond system 4, a leaching pond 5, and a first collecting channel 6, a second collecting channel 7 and a third collecting channel 8 which are auxiliary structures. The pretreatment area consists of a total water inlet channel 12, an overflow weir 13, an overflow plate 14, a sedimentation area 15 and a thin-wall weir 16; the aerobic surface flow wet area 2 is composed of at least two parts with the same structure, and each part comprises an aerobic area total water distribution channel 17, a first plant area 18, a second plant area 19, a third plant area 20, a fourth plant area 21, a wetland water distribution channel 22 and an aerobic area water outlet 23; the anoxic surface wetting area 3 is composed of at least two parts with the same structure, and each part comprises an anoxic area main water distribution channel 25, a fifth plant area 26, a sixth plant area 27, a wetland water distribution channel 22 and an anoxic area water outlet 28; the leaching tank 5 consists of two units with the same structure, the two units are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of the second collecting channel, and the water discharged from the leaching tank 5 flows into the second collecting channel 7; the combined pond system 4 adopts an integrated mosaic arrangement and consists of an anaerobic pond 9, an artificial medium region 10, an ecological pond 11, a water collecting tank 29, a connecting groove 30, a first water distribution tank 31, a second water distribution tank 32 and a perforated flower wall 33, wherein the water collecting tank 29, the connecting groove 30, the first water distribution tank 31 and the second water distribution tank 32 are collectively called a tank system. The water flow passes through the pretreatment area 1, the aerobic surface wetting area 2, the anoxic surface wetting area 3 and the composite pond system 4 in sequence and flows out of the ecological pond 11.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 11, the pretreatment zones are arranged in an S shape, and occupy 15 percent of the total area of the whole system, and the hydraulic retention time is 1 d. The water inlet is provided with a total water inlet channel 12, the width of the total water inlet channel is 20m, the water depth of the total water inlet channel is 0.6m, the water flow of the total water inlet channel 12 enters a sedimentation zone 15 through an overflow weir 13 through water drop, the water depth of the sedimentation zone 15 is 1.6m, and the water drop can ensure that the water body can keep more sufficient dissolved oxygen in the pretreatment zone, thereby being beneficial to the preliminary degradation of organic matters. The overflow plate 14 is arranged 35m away from the overflow weir, the middle part of the water baffle is of a compact structure to the top, holes are uniformly distributed from 0.2m above the matrix layer to the middle part, the hole diameter is 50mm, and the two sides are provided with the supports 39 to ensure the stable structure. The water baffle can slow down the flow velocity of the water body, prolong the retention time of water power, and simultaneously can play a role in uniform water distribution, and the overflow plate 14 is 0.2m higher than the water surface, so that the surface layer flow of the water body is avoided. The region after rivers flow through the entering by the round hole on the board 14 that overflows, and the nitrogen phosphorus of the large granule suspended solid in the water and particulate state can basically be got rid of totally in this region, and the water flow path has also been prolonged to a certain extent to "S" type of settling zone 15 arrangement, promotes the precipitation effect. The thin-wall weir 16 is adopted at the tail end, so that the water flow only contacts with the weir crest, the water flow falls in a parabola shape, and the dissolved oxygen in the effluent is increased to a great extent. The water falls from the thin-wall weir 16 and enters the first collecting channel 6, the width of the first collecting channel 6 is 5m, the water depth is 1.8m, the bottom matrix is gravel, and the thickness is 0.2 m.
As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 10, the aerobic surface wet flowing area 2 accounts for 30% of the total area of the whole wetland system, the length-width ratio is 5:1, the water depth is 0.3m, the hydraulic retention time is 1.5d, the substrate adopts in-situ soil, and the thickness is not less than 1.0 m. The water from the first collecting channel 6 enters the aerobic surface wetting area 2 from the aerobic area total water distribution channel 17, the water inflow is controlled by the aerobic area throttle valve 51, the depth of the aerobic area total water distribution channel 17 is 1.5m, the water flow enters the first plant area 18 in a water drop mode, and the water drop height difference is 0.2 m. Through water drop oxygenation of the thin-wall weir 16 and oxygenation of the microtopography, meanwhile, the shallow water environment of 0.3m is also beneficial to atmospheric reoxygenation, and the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body entering the aerobic surface flow wet area 2 can be ensured to be sufficient.
The areas of the first plant area 18, the second plant area 19, the third plant area 20 and the fourth plant area 21 in the aerobic surface wet area 2 are the same, more than two of reed, cattail, wild rice stem and calamus are planted respectively, and the planting density is 20-30 plants/m2And harvesting the plants at the later stage of growth every year. A wet ground distributing ditch 22 is arranged between the plant planting areas, the width of the bottom of the wet ground distributing ditch is 2.5m, the water depth is 1.2m, broken stones are paved at the bottom of the ditch, winter green summer withered type submerged plants are planted in the ditch, and benthonic animals are raised. The plants are planted in a partitioned and block-divided manner, so that the species diversity is increased to a certain extent, and the plant density is strictly controlled to be 20-30 plants/m2Because plants have a limited capacity to remove contaminants, it is more important to act as a carrier. Under the density, good adhesion conditions are provided for microorganisms, meanwhile, the atmospheric reoxygenation process cannot be influenced due to overlarge density, the short flow problem in the wetland is greatly relieved by the arrangement of the water distribution channel, the uniform water distribution of the wetland system is facilitated, the encroachment phenomenon of dominant species among different plants can be prevented, and the essential effect on the long-term stable operation of the wetland is achieved.
The aerobic surface flow wet area 2 is flat and has no slope drop, and the water body flows by utilizing the plug flow formed by water drop during water inflow, so that the arrangement mode can reduce the flow velocity of the water body, increase the retention time of the water body, ensure that the nitrification process is more sufficient, and is beneficial to the adsorption effect of the matrix on phosphorus. The effluent of the aerobic surface wet flowing area 2 flows out of the water outlet 23 of the aerobic area and enters the second collecting channel 7.
The aerobic zone water outlet 23 is composed of an aerobic zone water retaining dam 35 and an aerobic zone water retaining plate 52 which are fixedly formed through wood piles, the aerobic zone water retaining dam 35 is backfilled and tamped by utilizing excavated residual soil, the width is 1.5m, a water outlet is reserved in the water retaining dam and is used for outflow, the compact aerobic zone water retaining plate 52 is adopted for control, and the aerobic zone water retaining plate 52 is in a fully-open state under normal conditions. The water outlets 23 of the aerobic zone are uniformly arranged at intervals, the width of each water outlet is 1.0m, the lower end of each water outlet is 0.1m higher than the substrate, and the water outlet mode avoids substrate loss caused by the washing of water flow on the tail end, and the phenomenon of short flow on the tail end formed in the past.
The aerobic surface wet area 2 is provided with a communicating pipe 24 from the wet ground distribution water channel 22 at the tail end of the first vegetation area to the second collection channel 7, the tail end of the communicating pipe 24 is provided with a pipe plug, the water distribution channel can be emptied regularly, the influence of dead water on the treatment effect is avoided, the laying depth of the communicating pipe 24 is 0.8m, the pipe diameter is DN50mm, and the slope drop along the way is 1 per thousand.
The effluent of the aerobic surface wetting area 2 and the effluent of the leaching tank 5 flow into the anoxic surface wetting area 3 after being mixed in the second collecting channel 7.
As shown in fig. 1 and 7, the leaching tank 5 occupies 3% of the total area of the whole wetland system, is divided into two parts with the same structure, and is respectively arranged at two sides of the second collecting channel 7, each part is a concrete tank body with the length-width ratio of 6:1 and the height of 2.0m, a cover plate 41 with holes is arranged above the tank body to reduce the falling of impurities, and simultaneously plays a role of protecting and supporting the water distribution pipe 42, a reticular platform 43 is arranged at the height of 0.8m in the tank to divide the interior into an upper plant straw stacking area 44 and a lower water collecting area 45, and the harvested plant straws of the wetland are stacked on the reticular platform 43, wherein the stacking height is not less than 0.6 m.
The water in the leaching tank 5 is introduced into the first collecting channel 6 through a water inlet pipe 47 of the leaching tank by a pump 46, the pipe diameter is DN50mm, a water distribution pipe 42 is arranged close to the inner wall of the cover plate 41 with the hole, and the water distribution mode adopts feather-shaped spraying, so that the water flows form leachate after passing through the plant straws to seep out and be collected in the lower-layer water collection area 45, and the condition that the plants are soaked in the water body for a long time to generate anaerobic fermentation and the water body is blackened, yellowed or smelly in serious cases is avoided. The four emergent aquatic plants have higher C/N ratio, and the nutrient salt in the leaching solution also has the characteristic, so that the nitrogen treatment load of the system can not be obviously increased while the carbon source is provided. Meanwhile, the mode of harvesting plant straws by using the wetland to provide a carbon source belongs to the reutilization of wastes, and the operation cost of the wetland cannot be increased. The accumulated plant straws are cleaned and replaced once every half year, so that the sufficient carbon source amount can be effectively ensured.
The water outlet pipe 48 of the leaching tank is arranged in parallel along the inner wall of the second collecting channel 7, the pipe diameter is DN50mm, and holes are formed on the pipe wall at equal intervals for water distribution, so that the leaching solution is fully mixed with the inlet water of the anoxic surface wetting area 3, the sufficient carbon source of the water body is ensured, the problem of insufficient denitrification carbon source caused by the fact that the aerobic stage is in the front and the anoxic stage is in the back in the conventional arrangement is solved, and the denitrification capability of the wetland system is improved.
The water outlet of the water outlet pipe 48 of the leaching tank is provided with a gate valve 49, so that the flow of the leaching tank 5 can be flexibly regulated according to the quality of inlet water in the actual operation process.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the anoxic surface flow wet area 3 accounts for 12% of the total area of the whole wet land system, the length-width ratio is 3:1, the area is as wide as the aerobic surface flow wet area along the water flow direction, the water depth is 0.6m, the hydraulic retention time is 12h, the substrate arrangement adopts in-situ soil, and the thickness is not less than 1.0 m. The water flow enters the total water distribution channel 25 of the anoxic zone from the second collecting channel 7, the water inflow is controlled by the throttle valve 54 of the anoxic zone, the depth of the total water distribution channel 25 of the anoxic zone is 0.8m, the water flow enters the fifth plant zone 26 in a water drop mode, and the water drop height difference is 0.05 m. The anoxic surface wetting area 3 creates a condition more suitable for the existence of anoxic microorganisms by controlling the drop height and the running water depth of the inlet water, and meanwhile, the longer hydraulic retention time of the aerobic surface wetting area 2 also increases the consumption of dissolved oxygen at the stage, so that the inlet water dissolved oxygen of the anoxic surface wetting area 3 is kept at a lower level, and the integral denitrification effect of the system is improved.
The areas of the fifth plant area 26 and the sixth plant area 27 in the anoxic surface wetting area 3 are the same, any two of reed, cattail, cane shoots and calamus are planted respectively, but the planting density is kept at 70-100 plants/m2Approximately 3 times of the plant density of 2 in the aerobic surface wet area, and the larger plant density can prevent the reoxygenation process of the atmosphere to a great extent. The wetland plants are fed in at the end of the growth of the plants every yearHarvesting, and preventing the plant residue from rotting to cause secondary pollution to the water body. The water flow of the anoxic surface wetting area 3 flows into the third collecting channel 8 from an anoxic zone water outlet 28, the structure of the anoxic zone water outlet 28 is the same as that of the aerobic zone water outlet 23, and the anoxic zone water outlet 28 consists of an anoxic zone water retaining dam 36 and an anoxic zone water retaining plate 53 which are fixed by wood piles.
The slope of the whole anoxic surface wetting area 3 along the way is 2-3 per mill, so that no dead water is formed in the wetland under the condition that water is not fed into the wetland obviously and water drop occurs, meanwhile, the hydraulic retention time is reduced by a certain slope, the proliferation of nitrobacteria is limited to a certain extent by a short hydraulic retention time, and the denitrification process is facilitated.
The arrangement mode of the wet ground distributing channel 22 and the communicating pipes 24 in the anoxic surface wet distribution area 3 is the same as that of the aerobic surface wet distribution area 2, the effluent of the third collecting channel 8 is respectively conveyed to the first anaerobic zone 39 and the second anaerobic zone 40 through the first reinforced concrete pipe 37 and the second reinforced concrete pipe 38, and the pipe diameters are DN300 mm.
The water outlet of the anoxic surface wetting area 3 is provided with an anoxic zone water retaining dam 36, the anoxic zone water outlet 36 is provided with a plurality of uniformly arranged anoxic zone water outlets 28, the anoxic zone water outlets 28 are provided with anoxic zone water retaining plates 53, and the anoxic zone water retaining plates 53 are in an open state during normal operation.
As shown in fig. 1, 6, 8, 9 and 12, the anaerobic pond 9 accounts for 10% of the total area of the whole wetland system, the hydraulic retention time is 15h, the wetland system is circularly arranged, the wetland system is divided into a first anaerobic zone 39 and a second anaerobic zone 40 which are identical along a central axis, the effective water depth is 3.5m, the bottom of the pond is subjected to anti-seepage treatment, the water inlet position is 0.5m away from the bottom of the pond, and water overflows from the top. The anaerobic pond 9 can degrade organic matters remained in a plant carbon source, so that secondary pollution caused by taking plants as the carbon source is reduced to a great extent, degradation products are utilized by phosphorus accumulating bacteria in the anaerobic pond and release phosphorus, the next-stage efficient phosphorus removal is promoted, and meanwhile, denitrifying bacteria can also utilize the degradation products for further nitrogen removal.
The anaerobic pond 9 is alternately cleaned once after running for three months, and residual sludge generated in the treatment process is removed. The effluent of the anaerobic pond 9 enters the water collecting tank 29 in a drop manner, and the drop is 0.5m, so that sufficient dissolved oxygen is ensured in the water body when the effluent of the anaerobic pond 9 enters the next treatment structure. The water collecting tank 29 is annularly and tightly attached to the outer wall of the anaerobic pond 9 and fixed on the wall surface, the width is 1.5m, the water discharged from the water collecting tank 29 enters the connecting tank 30 along four directions which are vertical to each other, the connecting tank 30 connects the first water distribution tank 31 and the second water distribution tank 32 with the water collecting tank 29, the width of the connecting tank 30 is 0.2m, the widths of the first water distribution tank 31 and the second water distribution tank 32 are 0.5m, the depths of the water collecting tank 29, the connecting tank 30, the first water distribution tank 31 and the second water distribution tank 32 are 0.3m, the water flows into the first water distribution tank 31 and the second water distribution tank 32 from the connecting tank 30, the first water distribution tank 31 and the second water distribution tank 32 are identical in structure and are provided with hole-shaped overflow weirs, the hole diameters are 25mm, the water is annularly and equidistantly arranged on the top of the artificial medium area 10, the discharged water enters the artificial medium area 10 in an overflow mode, and uniform water distribution of the artificial medium area 10 can be ensured to the maximum extent.
The artificial medium area 10 accounts for 5% of the total area of the whole wetland system, the water depth is 1.5m, the hydraulic retention time is 12h, three layers of medium fillers 50 are uniformly arranged inside the artificial medium area and are tightly attached to the wall surface of the anaerobic tank along the longitudinal direction, each layer is mutually separated, the filler filling rate is 30%, and polypropylene materials are adopted. Because the artificial medium zone 10 is in an obvious aerobic environment, the filler 50 provides more attachment sites for aerobic microorganisms, the longitudinal layered arrangement mode can also increase the contact time of the microorganisms attached to the filler and a water body, the dephosphorization effect of the artificial medium zone 10 is increased by multiple strengthening, meanwhile, products which are not decomposed completely by anaerobic treatment can be further oxidized and decomposed, and the toxic action of effluent on animals and plants in the ecological pond 11 is avoided.
The artificial medium area 10 is drained by adopting a perforated tracery wall 33, the perforated tracery wall 33 is arranged at the position of 0.2-0.7 m of the bottom of the artificial medium area, and the aperture is 30 mm. The water outlet mode can prolong the retention time of water flow in the artificial medium area, so that the water body has sufficient contact time with aerobic microorganisms, the effluent water body enters the ecological pond 11, and in order to prevent the water flow from flowing backwards into the artificial medium area 10, the bottom of the ecological pond 11 is provided with a certain slope from inside to outside, and the slope along the way is 2-3 per mill.
The ecological pond 11 accounts for 20 percent of the total area of the whole wetland system, the water depth is 1.2m, the side slope ratio is 1:1.5,the hydraulic retention time was 3.5 d. Floating-leaf plants and submerged plants are planted in the ecological pond 11 in a staggered mode, the illumination condition of the submerged plants is guaranteed, meanwhile, the biological diversity is increased, and the plant coverage rate is 40% -50%. The floating-leaf plant is at least one of water lily or water caltrop, and the planting density of the water lily is 1-2 plants/m2The planting density of water caltrops is 3-5 plants/m2The submerged plants are at least two of eel grass, waterweed or hydrilla verticillata, and the planting density of eel grass is 50-60 strains/m2The planting density of the waterweeds is 40-50 strains/m2The planting density of hydrilla verticillata is 70-80 plants/m2And harvesting the plants at the later stage of growth every year to prevent endogenous pollution. Meanwhile, benthonic animals such as snails and mussels are cultivated in the whole pond, the density is 120-150 g/square meter, fishes such as silver carp, bighead carp and mandarin fish are cultivated in the pond, and the density is 150-170 ind-/1000 m, so that a complete biological chain is formed inside the ecological pond 11, the growth of algae is controlled, the risk of water eutrophication is reduced, the integral shock resistance of the system is improved, and meanwhile, the ecological pond has a certain water storage function and a certain landscape effect is formed. Meanwhile, the anaerobic pond 9 is arranged at the innermost side of the whole composite pond system 4, so that the influence of the odor generated by the anaerobic pond 9 on the surrounding environment is greatly reduced. The composite pond system 4 adopts in-situ soil as a substrate, and the thickness is not less than 1.0 m.
Example 2
The other steps are the same as the embodiment 1, except that the aerobic surface wetting zone 2 and the anoxic surface wetting zone 3 are operated. In the long-term operation process, the wetland substrate soil can show a relatively obvious anoxic state, the substrate is used as a main denitrification place, the anoxic state can limit the nitrification process, and the removal of nitrogen by the wetland system is reduced. Therefore, the aerobic surface flow wet area 2 comprises a plurality of aerobic subareas which are connected in parallel and have the same structure, alternate operation is carried out to improve the dissolved oxygen level in the substrate, and an aerobic area throttle valve 51 is arranged at the inlet of each aerobic subarea; the anoxic surface wetting area 3 comprises at least a plurality of anoxic subareas which are connected in parallel and have the same structure, the anoxic subareas are alternately operated to improve the dissolved oxygen level in the substrate, and an anoxic area throttle valve 54 is arranged at the inlet of each anoxic subarea.
The specific operation process is as follows:
the aerobic zone throttle valve 51 at the inlet of the aerobic zone needing the colony drying treatment in the aerobic surface flow wet area 2 is closed, the water flow in the field is quickly drained through the communicating pipe 24, so that the matrix is exposed in the air, the moisture content, the dissolved oxygen and the microbial community structure of the matrix can be influenced, and the anaerobic environment of the matrix is obviously improved. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the treatment water quantity of the wetland, the water inflow of other aerobic subareas needs to be increased, the water inflow of other aerobic subareas is controlled to be 70-80% of the original water inflow, the water inflow retention time is shortened while the water inflow is increased, so that in order to ensure the treatment efficiency, the water baffles 52 of the aerobic subareas of other aerobic subareas are closed, the retention time of the water body of other aerobic subareas is not less than 15h, then the water baffles 52 of the aerobic subareas of other aerobic subareas are opened for drainage, and the steps are repeated for a plurality of times.
The anoxic zone throttle valve 54 at the entrance of the anoxic zone needing the colony drying treatment in the anoxic surface wet area 3 is closed, the water flow in the field is quickly drained through the communicating pipe 24, so that the matrix is exposed in the air, the water content, the dissolved oxygen and the microbial community structure of the matrix can be influenced, and the anaerobic environment of the matrix is obviously improved. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the treatment water amount of the wetland, the water inflow of other anoxic subareas is increased, the water inflow of other anoxic subareas is controlled to be about 70-80% of the original water inflow, the water inflow retention time is shortened while the water inflow is increased, therefore, in order to ensure the treatment efficiency, the anoxic area water baffle 53 of other anoxic subareas is closed, the retention time of the anoxic surface wet area 3 is not less than 8h, then the anoxic area water baffle 53 of other anoxic subareas is opened for drainage, and the steps are repeated for a plurality of times.
In the practical application process of the system, sewage with different concentrations is respectively introduced, the water quality of the inlet water and the outlet water is shown in table 1, the result shows that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the system is obviously higher than that of a general surface flow wetland system no matter the inlet water concentration is high or low, all water quality indexes of the treated outlet water can reach III-IV in the surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002), the whole system is simple in structure, and the construction and later-stage operation and maintenance are simple and convenient, so that the system is a good surface flow wetland-composite pond system capable of being used for sewage treatment.
TABLE 1 Water quality monitoring results for inlet and outlet water of sewage of different concentrations
| Quality of water | DO(mg/L) | CODCr(mg/L) | NH3-N(mg/L) | TN(mg/L) | TP(mg/L) |
| Inflow 1 | 5.22 | 53.78 | 2.66 | 5.70 | 0.43 |
| Yielding water 1 | 6.85 | 26.11 | 0.56 | 1.48 | 0.12 |
| Removal rate | —— | 51.45% | 78.95% | 74.04% | 72.09% |
| Inflow 2 | 6.73 | 30.05 | 3.36 | 5.45 | 0.29 |
| Yielding water 2 | 6.92 | 15.75 | 0.68 | 1.42 | 0.11 |
| Removal rate | —— | 47.59% | 79.76% | 73.94% | 62.07% |
Claims (6)
1. A surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment is characterized in that: comprises a pretreatment area (1), an aerobic surface wetting area (2), an anoxic surface wetting area (3), a composite pond system (4) and a leaching tank (5); after the sewage to be treated flows through the pretreatment area (1) for sedimentation and aeration treatment, the sewage flows through the aerobic surface wetting area (2) for aerobic decomposition and nitration of organic matters, and meanwhile, leachate of a leaching tank (5) is used for supplementing a carbon source; the water flowing out from the aerobic surface wetting area (2) and the leaching tank (5) is mixed and then flows through the anoxic surface wetting area (3) for denitrification; the water flowing out of the anoxic surface wetting area (3) flows into the composite pond system (4) to further degrade nitrogen and phosphorus organic matters, and further remove the residual refractory nutrient substances;
an overflow weir (13) is arranged at the water inlet of the pretreatment region (1), and a water drop aeration thin-wall weir (16) is arranged at the water outlet; the pretreatment zone (1) further comprises a precipitation zone (15) of the S-type; the sedimentation zone (15) is provided with an overflow plate (14), and holes are uniformly distributed on the lower half part of the overflow plate (14);
a reticular platform (43) is arranged in the leaching tank (5) to divide the leaching tank (5) into an upper plant straw stacking area (44) and a lower water collecting area (45) from top to bottom; the net-shaped platform (43) is stacked with a wetland for harvesting plant straws; the water inflow of the leaching tank (5) is sprayed on the harvested plant straws of the wetland in a feather-shaped spraying mode, and the water flow forms leachate after the plant straws are harvested by the wetland to seep out and collect in the lower-layer water collecting area (45); the water in the lower water collecting area (45) flows out and is mixed with the water flowing out of the aerobic surface wetting area (2) and flows into the anoxic surface wetting area (3) together;
the composite pond system (4) comprises an anaerobic pond (9), an artificial medium area (10) and an ecological pond (11) which are sequentially nested from inside to outside; the hydraulic retention time of the anaerobic pond (9) is 15-20 h, elastic filler is suspended in the anaerobic pond, water enters the anaerobic pond (9) from the bottom, and water flows out of the anaerobic pond and overflows from the top of the side wall, falls into a water collecting tank (29), and then uniformly enters an artificial medium area (10); the artificial medium region (10) is provided with a plurality of layers of medium fillers (50) which are arranged up and down, and water flows into the ecological pond (11) from the side wall perforated tracery wall (33) close to the bottom of the artificial medium region (10) after sequentially passing through the medium fillers (50); floating-leaf plants and submerged plants are planted in the ecological pond (11) in a staggered manner;
the aerobic surface flow wet area (2) comprises a plurality of aerobic subareas which are connected in parallel and have the same structure, so that the alternate dry and wet operation can be ensured; an aerobic zone throttling valve (51) is arranged at the inlet of each aerobic zone; when partial aerobic subareas are subjected to dry falling treatment, the aerobic area throttle valves (51) at the inlets of the partial aerobic subareas are closed, the treatment water amount of the rest aerobic subareas is controlled to be 70-80% of the original total water inflow through the aerobic area throttle valves (51) of the rest aerobic subareas, the aerobic area water baffles (52) of the rest aerobic subareas are closed, the water is ensured to be kept for a certain time, and then the aerobic area water baffles (52) of the rest aerobic subareas are opened for drainage;
the anoxic surface wetting area (3) comprises a plurality of anoxic subareas which are connected in parallel and have the same structure, and dry-wet alternate operation can be ensured; an anoxic zone throttling valve (54) is arranged at the inlet of each anoxic zone; when partial anoxic subareas are subjected to dry falling treatment, the anoxic area throttle valves (54) at the inlets of the partial anoxic subareas are closed, meanwhile, the treatment water amount of the rest anoxic subareas is controlled to be 70% -80% of the original total water inflow through the anoxic area throttle valves (54) of the rest anoxic subareas, the anoxic area water baffles (53) of the rest anoxic subareas are closed, the water is ensured to be retained for a certain time, and then the anoxic area water baffles (53) of the rest anoxic subareas are opened for drainage.
2. The surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment of claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic retention time of the aerobic surface wetting area (2) is 1-1.5 d, the aerobic surface wetting area (2) comprises a plurality of aerobic plant areas which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the aerobic plant areas, and every two of the aerobic plant areas are separated by a water distribution channel; an aerobic zone main water distribution channel (17) is arranged at an inlet of the aerobic surface flow wet area (2), and water flow enters an aerobic plant zone in a water drop and flow pushing mode; an aerobic zone water retaining dam (35) is arranged at the water outlet of the aerobic surface wetting area (2), a plurality of aerobic zone water outlets (23) which are uniformly distributed are arranged on the aerobic zone water retaining dam (35), an aerobic zone water retaining plate (52) is arranged at the aerobic zone water outlet (23), and the aerobic zone water retaining plate (52) is in an open state during normal operation.
3. The surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment of claim 2, wherein: the hydraulic retention time of the anoxic surface wetting area (3) is 8-10 h, the anoxic surface wetting area (3) comprises a plurality of anoxic plant areas which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the anoxic plant areas, and every two anoxic plant areas are separated by a water distribution channel; and a slope is arranged along the bottom of the anoxic surface wetting area (3); the water outlet of the anoxic surface wetting area (3) is provided with an anoxic area water retaining dam (36), the anoxic area water retaining dam (36) is provided with a plurality of uniformly arranged anoxic area water outlets (28), the anoxic area water outlets (28) are provided with anoxic area water retaining plates (53), and the anoxic area water retaining plates (53) are in an open state during normal operation.
4. The surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment of claim 1, wherein: and more than two emergent aquatic plants of reed, cattail, cane shoot or calamus are planted in the aerobic surface wetting area (2) and the anoxic surface wetting area (3) respectively.
5. The surface flow wetland-composite pond system for sewage treatment of claim 1, wherein: the leaching pond (5) and the anaerobic pond (9) respectively comprise at least two parallel mutually-prepared using units.
6. A method for operating a surface flow wetland-composite pond system for wastewater treatment according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step a, when partial aerobic subareas are subjected to dry falling treatment, closing an aerobic area throttle valve (51) at an inlet of the partial aerobic subarea, controlling the treatment water amount of the rest aerobic subareas to be 70-80% of the original total water inflow through the aerobic area throttle valves (51) of the rest aerobic subareas, closing aerobic area water baffles (52) of the rest aerobic subareas to ensure that water is kept for a certain time, and then opening the aerobic area water baffles (52) of the rest aerobic subareas for drainage;
repeating the step a for a plurality of times;
b, when partial anoxic subareas are subjected to dry falling treatment, closing an anoxic area throttle valve (54) at an inlet of the partial anoxic subareas, controlling the treatment water quantity of the rest anoxic subareas to be 70-80% of the original total water inflow through the anoxic area throttle valves (54) of the rest anoxic subareas, closing anoxic area water baffles (53) of the rest anoxic subareas to ensure that water is retained for a certain time, and then opening anoxic area water baffles (53) of the rest anoxic subareas for drainage;
and then repeating the step b for a plurality of times.
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| CN110946108B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2023-09-05 | 盐城工业职业技术学院 | Pond system for water quality circulation purification |
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