CN110384944B - Waste acid evaporation concentration equipment and waste acid treatment method - Google Patents
Waste acid evaporation concentration equipment and waste acid treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110384944B CN110384944B CN201910800040.7A CN201910800040A CN110384944B CN 110384944 B CN110384944 B CN 110384944B CN 201910800040 A CN201910800040 A CN 201910800040A CN 110384944 B CN110384944 B CN 110384944B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/26—Multiple-effect evaporating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
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Abstract
The waste acid evaporation and concentration equipment and the waste acid treatment method comprise a heating unit, wherein the heating unit comprises a graphite preheating fan and a graphite heat exchanger which are mutually connected in series through air channels; the graphite preheating fan comprises a fan shell, a rotating piece is arranged in a fan inner cavity of the fan shell, a first air port and a second air port are formed in the fan shell, and the fan shell and the rotating piece are made of impregnated graphite; the graphite heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger shell and a fin type heat exchanger arranged in the shell, wherein the heat exchanger shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the fin type heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange tube and a plurality of fins, the fins are arranged on the heat exchange tube, and the heat exchanger shell and the fin type heat exchanger are made of impregnated graphite. The beneficial effects are that: the graphite material has better corrosion resistance, especially to chloride ions (hydrochloric acid and chloride liquid), so that the application scene of the equipment is improved; and the integrated graphite equipment is adopted, so that the heat exchange efficiency is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of secondary steam (including flue gas), and particularly relates to waste acid evaporation and concentration equipment.
Background
With the enhancement of environmental awareness, current enterprises can treat emissions in the production process.
Some existing equipment cannot well treat acidic high-corrosion steam, for example, some steam compressors and the like are made of metal materials, and the problem of acidic steam corrosion cannot be solved.
Meanwhile, considering the economy of vapor in multi-effect evaporation (u=w/D), the single effect is 0.91, the double effect is 1.76, the triple effect is 2.5, the quadruple effect is 3.33, the quintupling effect is 3.71, and the like. It can be seen that the growth rate of W/D gradually decreases with increasing effectiveness, but the investment cost increases linearly.
For example, when changing from single effect to double effect, heating steam can save about 50%; and when the four effects are changed into five effects, the heating steam is saved by 10 percent.
However, as the efficiency increases, the temperature difference loss of heat transfer increases, so that the production strength of the evaporator is greatly reduced and the equipment cost is doubled. When the efficiency is increased to a certain degree (three effects), the vapor costs saved by the increased efficiency may be uneconomical compared to the added equipment costs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the waste acid evaporation concentration equipment comprises a heating unit, wherein the heating unit comprises a graphite preheating fan and a graphite heat exchanger which are connected in series through air passages;
the graphite preheating fan comprises a fan shell, a rotating piece is arranged in a fan inner cavity of the fan shell, a first air port and a second air port are arranged on the fan shell,
the fan shell and the rotating piece are made of impregnated graphite;
the graphite heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger shell and a fin type heat exchanger arranged in the shell,
the heat exchanger shell is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet,
the fin type heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange tube and a plurality of fins, wherein the fins are arranged on the heat exchange tube,
the heat exchanger shell and the fin type heat exchanger are made of impregnated graphite.
Preferably, the rotating member includes a rotating shaft and a blade.
Preferably, two rotating members are provided, and the rotating directions of the two rotating members are opposite.
Preferably, the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively rotatably arranged on the first baffle and the second baffle of the fan shell.
Preferably, two ends of the heat exchanger shell are respectively provided with a baffle plate, and the baffle plates are provided with a diversion trench;
the heat exchange tube is communicated with the baffle groove;
the two baffle plates and the heat exchange tube are internally provided with medium substances.
Preferably, the baffles are each provided with a media port.
Preferably, the baffle is disposed on a tube sheet of the heat exchanger shell.
Preferably, a steam space is formed between the fin type heat exchanger and the inner wall of the heat exchanger shell.
Preferably, the air inlet of the steam space is connected with the second air port.
Preferably, the first air port is connected to the first-effect evaporator, and the air outlet is connected to the second-effect heater.
The application of the waste acid evaporation and concentration equipment in waste acid secondary steam heating.
The secondary steam enthalpy increasing and recycling process based on the waste acid evaporation and concentration equipment,
the material flows through a first-effect heater, is heated and evaporated by steam, and then enters a first-effect evaporation tank to carry out steam-water separation to obtain separation liquid and secondary steam;
one part of the separating liquid is circularly evaporated between the first-effect heater and the first-effect evaporation tank, the other part is conveyed to the second-effect heater,
the secondary steam is compressed and enthalpy-extracted by a graphite preheating fan and then is conveyed to a graphite heat exchanger,
and heating the secondary steam by a graphite heat exchanger, and then, heating the secondary steam and entering a two-effect evaporator.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the graphite material has better corrosion resistance, especially to chloride ions (hydrochloric acid and chloride liquid), so that the application scene of the equipment is improved;
2. the contact area of the steam and the heat exchange carrier is improved to a greater extent by utilizing the fins, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the equipment is improved;
3. the Roots preheating fan is used for conveying and compressing the gas, so that the gas is initially heated after being compressed, and then is heated by the graphite heat exchanger, the heating efficiency is improved, and the energy is saved;
4. because the acid secondary steam heating measures are adopted, the temperature of the secondary steam can be greatly improved, and the method can continue to be used circularly and repeatedly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an application scenario device relationship for a use environment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a graphite preheating fan according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structural relationship of a graphite preheating fan according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural relationship of a graphite heat exchanger according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two baffles in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fin heat exchanger according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a process diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
100 heating units, 10 graphite preheating fans, 11 fan shells, 12 fan cavities, 13 rotating pieces, 14 first air ports, 15 second air ports, 30 graphite heat exchangers, 31 heat exchanger shells, 32 fin type heat exchangers, 321 heat exchange tubes, 322 fins,
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the waste acid evaporation and concentration apparatus includes a temperature raising unit 100, and the temperature raising unit 100 is mainly used for heating flue gas.
The heating unit 100 comprises a graphite preheating fan 10 and a graphite heat exchanger 30, wherein air passages of the graphite preheating fan 10 and the graphite heat exchanger 30 are mutually connected in series; wherein the air passage is a passage for the flow of the flue gas;
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the graphite preheating fan 10 includes a fan housing 11, a rotating member 13 is disposed in a fan cavity 12 of the fan housing 11, a first air port 14 and a second air port 15 are provided in the fan housing 11, in one manner, the graphite preheating fan 10 has the same structure as the Roots blower,
forming an air passage of the graphite preheating fan 10 from the first air port 14, the fan inner cavity 12 and the second air port 15;
the rotary member 13 includes a rotary shaft 132 and a vane 131.
In one mode, two rotating members 13 are arranged, and the rotating directions of the two rotating members 13 are opposite;
when the rotating piece 13 rotates, the fan blades of the rotating piece 13 compress the gas, and when the gas is compressed in the inner cavity 12 of the fan, the molecular movement of the gas is accelerated, and the temperature of the gas is further increased;
the fan shell 11 and the rotating piece 13 are made of impregnated graphite;
compared with the currently commonly adopted equipment combining metal with graphite, the whole graphite-impregnated material has better corrosion resistance.
The graphite preheating fan 10 forces the steam to be compressed through mechanical movement, so that the temperature of the II times of steam is increased, and the reutilization of the II times of steam is realized.
In general, the temperature can be increased by 10-25 ℃, and the higher the temperature is, the more power is consumed.
As shown in fig. 4, the graphite heat exchanger 30 includes a heat exchanger housing 31 and a fin type heat exchanger 32 provided in the housing, the fin type heat exchanger 32 and an inner wall of the heat exchanger housing 31 forming a steam space 33 therebetween;
the heat exchanger shell 31 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged on the heat exchanger shell 31, the air inlet and the air outlet are generally arranged at the positions with a longer distance between the shells, the longer residence distance of the air is provided, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The fin type heat exchanger 32 comprises a heat exchange tube 321 and a plurality of fins 322, wherein the fins 322 are arranged on the heat exchange tube 321 and are integrated;
the baffle 311 is disposed in the tube sheet 34 of the heat exchanger shell 31.
The two baffles 311 and the heat exchange tube 32 are provided with a medium substance.
The heat exchanger shell 31 and the fin type heat exchanger 32 are made of impregnated graphite.
The two ends of the rotating shaft 132 are respectively rotatably provided at the first baffle 111 and the second baffle 112 of the blower housing 11.
The two ends of the heat exchanger shell 31 are respectively provided with a baffle plate 311, the baffle plates 311 are provided with a diversion trench 312, and the baffle plates 311 can contain more heat conduction oil, so that more heat conduction oil can be stored when the equipment volumes are the same;
meanwhile, the baffle 311 is internally provided with the diversion trench 312, so that the contact area between the baffle 311 and the heat conduction oil is increased, the heat exchange can be accelerated, and the heat exchanger shell 31 can be heated to a certain extent;
the heat exchange tube 321 is communicated with the baffle slot 312, and heat conduction oil can enter the heat exchange tube 321;
when in use, waste acid steam enters the steam space 33 from the air inlet, and heat conduction oil enters the baffle grooves 312 of the baffle plate 311 at one end and then reaches the baffle plate 311 at the other end along the heat exchange pipe 321;
the heat transfer oil in the heat exchange tube 321 exchanges heat with the heat exchange tube 321, and then the heat exchange tube 321 exchanges heat with the waste acid steam through the outer wall and the fin type heat exchange 32, and meanwhile, the heat transfer oil in the baffle plate 311 also increases the temperature of the heat exchanger shell 31, so that the waste acid steam can also acquire heat energy from the heat exchanger shell 31.
One mode of use of the invention, in conjunction with that shown in figure 1,
the air inlet of the steam space 33 is connected with the second air port 15, the graphite preheating fan 10 sucks the gas from the first effect evaporator, namely secondary steam, from the first air port 14, then carries the gas through fan blade rotation compression, and discharges the gas from the second air port 15, then secondary steam or waste gas enters the steam space 33 from the air inlet of the graphite heat exchanger 30, and enters the next effect heater from the air outlet after heating, and the gas is recycled repeatedly for a plurality of times, thereby greatly reducing the operation cost.
The invention relates to a technological process description:
1. the material flows through a first-effect heater E01, is heated and evaporated by steam, and then enters a first-effect evaporation tank V01 for steam-water separation;
2. delivering one part of the separation liquid into E01 for multiple circulation evaporation through P01, and quantitatively controlling the other part of the separation liquid to be delivered to a double-effect evaporation system through a flowmeter;
3. the secondary steam is conveyed to a steam heater E02 through a Roots blower P02, heated through a heat conducting oil circulation system, and sent to a double-effect evaporator E03 after the temperature of the secondary steam is increased.
In the technology, an air compression preheating device and an acid-resistant secondary steam (or flue gas) heating device are additionally arranged;
the energy can be better saved, and the heating efficiency is improved;
the secondary steam is overheated through heating, the enthalpy is improved to enter the next effect for continuous utilization, the latent heat energy of the steam is fully utilized, the secondary steam is repeatedly heated, multiple-effect evaporation utilization of the secondary steam is realized, and therefore energy consumption is reduced, and the operation is more economical.
In the waste gas treatment technology, a large amount of water vapor is needed, the market price of one ton of vapor is 220 yuan, and the primary electricity is 0.2-1.0 yuan (peak-valley difference and different regional difference);
compared with the existing mode, about 180 yuan can be saved for each ton of water evaporated.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above embodiments may be made without departing from the general spirit and concepts of the invention. Which fall within the scope of the present invention. The protection scheme of the invention is subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. Waste acid evaporation concentration equipment, including intensification unit (100), its characterized in that: the heating unit (100) comprises a graphite preheating fan (10) and a graphite heat exchanger (30) which are connected in series through air passages;
the graphite preheating fan (10) comprises a fan shell (11), a rotating piece (13) is arranged in a fan inner cavity (12) of the fan shell (11), a first air port (14) and a second air port (15) are formed in the fan shell (11),
the fan shell (11) and the rotating piece (13) are made of impregnated graphite;
the graphite heat exchanger (30) comprises a heat exchanger shell (31) and a fin type heat exchanger (32) arranged in the shell,
the heat exchanger shell (31) is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet,
the fin type heat exchanger (32) comprises a heat exchange tube (321) and a plurality of fins (322), wherein the fins (322) are arranged on the heat exchange tube (321),
the heat exchanger shell (31) and the fin type heat exchanger (32) are made of impregnated graphite.
2. The waste acid evaporation and concentration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the rotating member (13) includes a rotating shaft (132) and a blade (131).
3. The waste acid evaporation and concentration apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the two rotating parts (13) are arranged, and the rotating directions of the two rotating parts (13) are opposite;
the two ends of the rotating shaft (132) are respectively rotatably arranged on a first baffle (111) and a second baffle (112) of the fan shell (11).
4. The waste acid evaporation and concentration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: baffle plates (311) are respectively arranged at two ends of the heat exchanger shell (31), and the baffle plates (311) are provided with a diversion trench (312);
the heat exchange pipe (321) is communicated with the baffle groove (312);
the two baffle plates (311) and the heat exchange tube (321) are internally provided with medium substances.
5. The waste acid evaporation and concentration apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the baffle plate (311) is arranged on a tube plate (34) of the heat exchanger shell (31);
the baffle plates (311) are provided with medium material ports (314).
6. The waste acid evaporation and concentration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a steam space (33) is formed between the fin type heat exchanger (32) and the inner wall of the heat exchanger shell (31).
7. The waste acid evaporating and concentrating apparatus of claim 6, wherein: an air inlet of the steam space (33) is connected with the second air port (15).
8. The waste acid evaporation and concentration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first air port (14) is connected to the first-effect evaporator, and the air outlet is connected to the second-effect heater.
9. Use of the spent acid evaporation and concentration device according to any one of claims 1-8 in spent acid secondary steam heating.
10. A secondary steam enthalpy increasing and recycling process based on the waste acid evaporation and concentration equipment in claims 1-8,
the material flows through a first-effect heater to be heated and evaporated, and then enters a first-effect evaporation tank to be subjected to steam-water separation to obtain separation liquid and secondary steam;
one part of the separating liquid is circularly evaporated between the first-effect heater and the first-effect evaporation tank, the other part is conveyed to the second-effect heater,
the secondary steam is compressed and enthalpy-extracted by a graphite preheating fan (10) and then is conveyed to a graphite heat exchanger (30),
the secondary steam is heated by a graphite heat exchanger (30), and enters a two-effect evaporator after being heated.
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| CN201910800040.7A CN110384944B (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Waste acid evaporation concentration equipment and waste acid treatment method |
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| CN201910800040.7A CN110384944B (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Waste acid evaporation concentration equipment and waste acid treatment method |
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| CN110384944B true CN110384944B (en) | 2023-05-23 |
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