CN110383124B

CN110383124B - Polarizing film, polarizing plate and method for producing the same

Info

Publication number: CN110383124B
Application number: CN201880016563.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 大园达也; 辻嘉久
Original assignee: Kuraray Co Ltd
Current assignee: Kuraray Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-03-08
Filing date: 2018-03-07
Publication date: 2021-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 2038-03-07
Also published as: KR20190119127A; KR102582196B1; TWI757444B; CN110383124A; TW201834839A; WO2018164196A1; JPWO2018164196A1; JP7199343B2

Abstract

A polarizing film comprising a PVA film containing an iodine-based dichroic dye and crosslinked with a boron compound, having a degree of polarization of 99.5% or more and a monomer b value of 3.0 or less, and satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2) is produced. The polarizing film has excellent polarizing performance and hue, and has small shrinkage rate and excellent dimensional stability. A is less than or equal to 0.9 (1), and B/A is more than or equal to 55 (2). Wherein A is the shrinkage (%) of the polarizing film after heating at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and B is the shrinkage stress (N/mm) of the polarizing film after heating at 80 ℃ for 4 hours²)。

Description

Polarizing film, polarizing plate and method for producing the same

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a polarizing film and a polarizing plate comprising a polyvinyl alcohol film containing an iodine-based dichroic dye and having a low shrinkage ratio, and methods for producing the same.

Background

The polarizing film used in the polarizing plate having light transmitting and light blocking functions is a basic structure of a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)Forming elements. Most of polarizing plates have a structure in which a protective film such as a Triacetylcellulose (TAC) film is bonded to the surface of a polarizing film, and as a polarizing film constituting a polarizing plate, a polyvinyl alcohol film (hereinafter, the "polyvinyl alcohol" may be referred to as "PVA") is uniaxially stretched to be oriented, and an iodine-based dye (I) is adsorbed on the obtained stretched film₃ ^-、I₅ ^-Etc.) become the mainstream. Such a polarizing film is produced by subjecting a PVA film to a swelling step, a dyeing step, a crosslinking step, a stretching step, an immobilizing step, and a drying step.

In recent years, LCDs are frequently used for mobile applications such as personal computers and mobile phones. The LCD for such mobile devices is used in various environments. Therefore, a polarizing film having a low shrinkage rate at high temperature and excellent dimensional stability has been desired.

Patent documents 1 to 5 describe polarizing films obtained by stretching a PVA film dyed with an iodine-based dye and then drying the PVA film at 50 to 70 ℃ for 2 to 4 minutes. However, the polarizing film thus obtained has a high shrinkage ratio. When such a polarizing film is used in an LCD by being bonded to a glass plate, the polarizing film shrinks and the glass plate warps when the LCD is used or stored at high temperatures, which is problematic.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2006-65309

Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2014-197050

Patent document 3: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2006-267153

Patent document 4: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2013-140324

Patent document 5: japanese patent laid-open No. 2012 and 3173.

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance and hue, low shrinkage rate, and excellent dimensional stability, and a method for producing the same. Further, it is an object to provide a polarizing plate using such a polarizing film and a method for producing the same.

Means for solving the problems

The polarizing film comprises a PVA film containing an iodine-based dichroic dye and crosslinked with a boron compound, has a degree of polarization of 99.5% or more and a monomer b value of 3.0 or less, and satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2),

A≤0.9 (1)

B/A≥55 (2)

wherein A is the shrinkage (%) of the polarizing film after heating at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and B is the shrinkage stress (N/mm) of the polarizing film after heating at 80 ℃ for 4 hours²)。

In this case, the value of the monomer b is preferably 1.0 or more. A is also preferably 0.5 or more. The polymerization degree of the PVA is preferably 1,500 to 6,000. The thickness of the polarizing film is preferably 1 to 30 μm.

The above problems are also solved by providing a method for producing the above polarizing film, wherein after a step of dyeing a PVA film with an iodine-based dichroic dye, a step of crosslinking the PVA film with a boron compound, and a step of stretching the PVA film, an annealing step of heating the PVA film in which the stretching direction is fixed at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more is performed.

A polarizing plate obtained by laminating the polarizing film and the protective film is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The method for producing the polarizing plate is also a preferable embodiment of the present invention, wherein after the step of dyeing the PVA film with the iodine-based dichroic dye, the step of crosslinking the PVA film with a boron compound, and the step of stretching, the PVA film and the protective film are laminated to obtain a multilayer film, and the multilayer film having the stretching direction fixed is subjected to an annealing treatment step of heating the multilayer film at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more.

Effects of the invention

The polarizing film of the present invention has excellent polarizing performance and hue, and is small in shrinkage and excellent in dimensional stability. Therefore, the polarizing plate using the above polarizing film can be suitably used for a high performance LCD, particularly for an LCD used at high temperature. Further, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, such a polarizing film and a polarizing plate can be easily manufactured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph plotting shrinkage and monomer b values of polarizing films of examples 1 to 2, comparative examples 1 to 3, 5 to 12, and 14 to 16, and reference example 1.

FIG. 2 is a graph plotting shrinkage stress and shrinkage rate of the polarizing films of examples 1 to 2, comparative examples 1 to 3, 5 to 12, and 14 to 16, and reference example 1.

Detailed Description

The polarizing film of the present invention is a polarizing film comprising a PVA film containing an iodine-based dichroic dye and crosslinked with a boron compound, and has a degree of polarization of 99.5% or more and a monomer b value of 3.0 or less, and satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2).

A≤0.9 (1)

B/A≥55 (2)

In general, when the polarizing performance of a polarizing film including a PVA film containing an iodine-based dichroic dye is to be improved, the shrinkage rate and shrinkage stress of the polarizing film at high temperature become high. When such a polarizing film is used for an LCD, the glass plate to which the polarizing film is attached is warped, which is problematic. In particular, LCDs used for mobile applications are often used or stored at high temperatures, and the shrinkage of polarizing films is a serious problem because the glass plates used are thin.

When the polarizing film is heat-treated at a high temperature in order to improve such a problem, the shrinkage rate and shrinkage stress are reduced, but the polarizing performance is reduced and the hue is also deteriorated. In this manner, it is difficult to improve the dimensional stability of the polarizing film by reducing the shrinkage rate and the shrinkage stress while maintaining excellent polarizing performance and hue. The polarizing film of the present invention solves such problems, and is characterized by having excellent polarizing properties and hue, and low shrinkage.

The method for producing such a polarizing film is not particularly limited, but the present inventors have succeeded for the first time in producing a polarizing film having such properties by using a new production method. Specifically, a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance and hue, a small shrinkage ratio, and excellent dimensional stability can be produced by performing an annealing process of heating the PVA film, the stretching direction of which is fixed, at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more after performing a process of dyeing the PVA film with an iodine-based dichroic dye, a process of crosslinking the PVA film using a boron compound, and a stretching process. This production can be applied to the production of various polarizing films including the polarizing film of the present invention. The following describes the production method in detail.

The PVA contained in the raw material (ortho-trans) PVA film used for producing the polarizing film of the present invention may be PVA obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl ester obtained by polymerizing 1 or 2 or more kinds of vinyl esters. Examples of the vinyl ester include vinyl acetate, vinyl formate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, and isopropenyl acetate, and among these, vinyl acetate is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production, availability, and cost of PVA.

The polyvinyl ester may be a polyvinyl ester obtained by using only 1 or 2 or more vinyl esters as monomers, and may be a copolymer of 1 or 2 or more vinyl esters and another monomer copolymerizable therewith, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

Examples of the other monomer copolymerizable with the vinyl ester include α -olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and isobutylene; (meth) acrylic acid or a salt thereof; (meth) acrylates such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, and octadecyl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylamide derivatives such as (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, diacetone (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof, (meth) acrylamidopropyldimethylamine or a salt thereof, and N-methylol (meth) acrylamide or a derivative thereof; n-vinylamides such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, and N-vinylpyrrolidone; vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, tert-butyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether and stearyl vinyl ether; acrylonitrile such as (meth) acrylonitrile (シアン - ビニル); vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride and vinylidene fluoride; allyl compounds such as allyl acetate and allyl chloride; maleic acid or a salt, ester or anhydride thereof; itaconic acid or a salt, ester or anhydride thereof; vinyl silyl compounds such as vinyltrimethoxysilane; unsaturated sulfonic acids, and the like. The above polyvinyl ester may have a structural unit derived from 1 or 2 or more of the above other monomers.

The proportion of the structural unit derived from another monomer in the polyvinyl ester is preferably 15 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or less, and still more preferably 5 mol% or less based on the number of moles of all the structural units constituting the polyvinyl ester.

In particular, when the other monomer is a monomer that is likely to promote the water solubility of the PVA to be obtained, such as (meth) acrylic acid or unsaturated sulfonic acid, the proportion of the structural unit derived from the monomer in the polyvinyl ester is preferably 5 mol% or less, more preferably 3 mol% or less, based on the number of moles of the total structural units constituting the polyvinyl ester, in order to prevent dissolution of the PVA during the production of the polarizing film.

The PVA used in the present invention may be one modified with 1 or 2 or more kinds of graft-copolymerizable monomers, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of the graft-copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof; an unsaturated sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof; alpha-olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and the like. The proportion of the structural unit derived from a graft-copolymerizable monomer (the structural unit in the graft-modified portion) in the PVA is preferably 5 mol% or less based on the number of moles of the entire structural units constituting the PVA.

In the above PVA, a part of the hydroxyl groups may be crosslinked or may not be crosslinked. In addition, a part of the hydroxyl groups in the PVA may react with aldehyde compounds such as acetaldehyde and butylaldehyde to form an acetal structure.

The polymerization degree of the PVA is preferably in the range of 1500 to 6000, more preferably 1800 to 5000, and further preferably 2000 to 4000. When the polymerization degree is 1500 or more, the durability of the obtained polarizing film can be further improved. On the other hand, when the polymerization degree is 6000 or less, an increase in production cost, a poor process passability in film formation, and the like can be suppressed. The polymerization degree of PVA in the present specification means an average polymerization degree measured according to JIS K6726-1994. The PVA in the polarizing film may have a crosslinked structure based on a boron compound such as boric acid, but the average polymerization degree itself of the PVA does not substantially change as long as it is dissociated by hydrolysis or the like of the boric acid ester.

The saponification degree of PVA is preferably 98 mol% or more, more preferably 98.5 mol% or more, and even more preferably 99 mol% or more, from the viewpoint of the polarizing performance of the polarizing film and the like. When the saponification degree is less than 98 mol%, PVA is likely to be eluted during the production of the polarizing film, and the eluted PVA adheres to the film, which may result in a decrease in the polarizing performance of the polarizing film. The saponification degree of PVA in the present specification means: the proportion (% by mole) of the number of moles of the vinyl alcohol unit is based on the total number of moles of the structural unit (typically, a vinyl ester unit) that the PVA has and is converted into the vinyl alcohol unit by saponification and the vinyl alcohol unit. The degree of saponification can be measured according to JIS K6726-1994. The saponification degree of PVA in the raw material film was substantially the same as that of PVA in the obtained polarizing film.

A PVA film is formed by using the film-forming dope. Examples of the film forming method include a casting film forming method, an extrusion film forming method, a wet film forming method, a gel film forming method, and the like. These film-forming methods may be used alone in 1 kind, or 2 or more kinds may be used in combination. Among these film forming methods, a casting film forming method and an extrusion film forming method are preferable because a PVA film having a uniform thickness and width and excellent physical properties can be obtained. The PVA film to be formed may be dried and heat-treated as necessary.

The film-forming dope can be obtained by, for example, mixing 1 or 2 or more of the PVA and, if necessary, a surfactant, a plasticizer, an additive, and the like with a liquid medium. In the film-forming dope, the PVA may be dissolved in a liquid medium or may be in a molten state. The mixing is preferably carried out under heating.

Examples of the liquid medium used for preparing the film-forming stock solution include water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine, and 1 or 2 or more of these can be used. Among them, water is preferable from the viewpoint of the burden on the environment and the recyclability.

The evaporation rate of the film-forming stock solution (the content of volatile components such as a liquid medium removed by evaporation during film formation) varies depending on the film-forming method, film-forming conditions, and the like, and is generally preferably in the range of 50 to 95 mass%, more preferably in the range of 55 to 90 mass%, and still more preferably in the range of 60 to 85 mass%. By setting the volatilization rate of the film-forming dope to 50 mass% or more, the viscosity of the film-forming dope is not excessively high, filtration and deaeration in the preparation of the film-forming dope can be smoothly performed, and a PVA film having less impurities and defects can be easily produced. On the other hand, when the evaporation rate of the film-forming dope is 95 mass% or less, the concentration of the film-forming dope is not excessively low, and an industrial PVA film can be easily produced.

The film-forming dope preferably contains a surfactant. By including the surfactant, the film forming property is improved, the occurrence of film thickness unevenness is suppressed, and the film is easily peeled from a metal roll or a belt used for film formation. When a PVA film is produced from a film-forming stock solution containing a surfactant, the PVA film may contain a surfactant. The type of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of releasability from a metal roll or a belt, an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant is preferable.

As the anionic surfactant, for example, carboxylic acid type such as potassium laurate is suitable; sulfuric acid ester types such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate and octyl sulfate; sulfonic acid types such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and the like.

As the nonionic surfactant, for example, alkyl ether type such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether; alkylphenyl ether type such as polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether; alkyl ester types such as polyoxyethylene laurate; alkylamine type such as polyoxyethylene lauryl amino ether; alkylamide types such as polyoxyethylene laurylamide; polypropylene glycol ether type such as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether; alkanolamide types such as lauric acid diethanolamide and oleic acid diethanolamide; and an allylphenyl ether type such as polyoxyalkylene allylphenyl ether.

These surfactants may be used alone in 1 kind or in combination of 2 or more kinds.

When the film-forming stock solution contains the surfactant, the content thereof is preferably 0.01 to 0.5 part by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 0.3 part by mass, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.1 part by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of PVA contained in the film-forming stock solution. When the content is 0.01 parts by mass or more, film forming properties and peeling properties are further improved. On the other hand, when the content is 0.5 parts by mass or less, the surfactant can be prevented from bleeding out to the surface of the PVA film to cause blocking, thereby reducing the handling property.

The PVA content in the PVA film as a raw material used in the present invention is preferably 50 to 99% by mass from the viewpoint of ease of production of the polarizing film and the like. The content is more preferably 75% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 85% by mass or more. On the other hand, the content is more preferably 98% by mass or less, still more preferably 96% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or less.

From the viewpoint of improving stretchability, the PVA film preferably contains a plasticizer. Examples of the plasticizer include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diglycerin, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane, and the PVA film may contain 1 or 2 or more of these plasticizers. Among these, glycerin is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect of improving stretchability.

The content of the plasticizer in the PVA film is preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA. When the content is 1 part by mass or more, the stretchability of the PVA film can be further improved. On the other hand, when the content is 20 parts by mass or less, the PVA film can be prevented from being too soft and from being degraded in handling properties. The content is more preferably 2 parts by mass or more, further preferably 4 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 5 parts by mass or more. Further, the content is more preferably 15 parts by mass or less. Although the amount of the plasticizer contained in the PVA film varies depending on the production conditions of the polarizing film, the plasticizer may be eluted during the production of the polarizing film, and thus the total amount of the plasticizer does not always remain in the polarizing film.

The PVA film may further contain an antioxidant, an antifreeze, a pH adjuster, a masking agent, an anti-coloring agent, an oil agent, a surfactant, and the like as required.

The thickness of the PVA film is preferably 5 to 100 μm. By setting the thickness to 100 μm or less, a thin polarizing film can be easily obtained. The thickness is more preferably 60 μm or less. On the other hand, when the thickness is less than 5 μm, it may be difficult to produce a polarizing film, and uneven dyeing may be easily caused. The thickness of the PVA film is more preferably 7 μm or more. In the case of a multilayer film, the thickness referred to herein refers to the thickness of the PVA layer.

The PVA film may be a single layer film, or a multilayer film having a PVA layer and a base resin layer may be used. In the case of a single layer film, the thickness of the film is preferably 20 μm or more, more preferably 30 μm or more, in order to ensure the handling property. On the other hand, in the case of a multilayer film, the thickness of the PVA layer may be 20 μm or less, or 15 μm or less. The thickness of the base resin layer in the multilayer film is usually 20 to 500 μm.

When a multilayer film having a PVA layer and a base resin layer is used as the PVA film, the base resin must be a base resin that can be stretched together with the PVA. Polyester, polyolefin resin, or the like can be used. Among them, amorphous polyester resins are preferable, and amorphous polyester resins of polyethylene terephthalate and copolymerized with isophthalic acid, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and other copolymerization components are suitably used. The multilayer film is preferably produced by applying a PVA solution to a base resin film. In this case, in order to improve the adhesion between the PVA layer and the base resin layer, the surface of the base resin film may be modified or an adhesive layer may be formed between the two layers.

The shape of the PVA film is not particularly limited, and a long PVA film is preferable in terms of continuous supply in the production of the polarizing film. The length of the long PVA film (length in the long direction) is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set according to the application of the polarizing film to be produced, and may be, for example, in the range of 5 to 20000 m.

The width of the PVA film is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set according to the use of the polarizing film to be produced. In recent years, since liquid crystal televisions and liquid crystal monitors have been made larger in screen size, it is preferable to make the width of the PVA film 0.5m or more, more preferably 1.0m or more in advance. On the other hand, if the width of the PVA film is too wide, it tends to be difficult to uniformly stretch the PVA film when the polarizing film is manufactured by a practical apparatus, and therefore, the width of the PVA film is preferably 7m or less.

The polarizing film of the present invention is produced using the PVA film described above as a raw material. Specifically, the polarizing film is preferably produced by a method in which after a step of dyeing the PVA film with an iodine-based dichroic dye (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "dyeing step"), a step of crosslinking the PVA film using a boron compound (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "crosslinking step"), and a step of stretching the PVA film (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "stretching step"), an annealing step of heating the PVA film, the stretching direction of which is fixed, at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more is performed.

In the above-mentioned production method, it is preferable that the step of swelling the PVA film as a raw material (hereinafter, may be referred to as "swelling step") is performed in advance, and then the PVA film is subjected to the above-mentioned steps. It is also preferable to perform a step of drying the PVA film (hereinafter, may be referred to as a "drying step") after performing the dyeing step, the crosslinking step, and the stretching step, and then perform an annealing treatment step. The step of washing the PVA film may be appropriately performed before the drying step. In the above-described production method, 1 step may be performed a plurality of times. Further, a plurality of steps may be simultaneously performed in 1 bath.

The above-mentioned production method is more preferably a method in which the dyeing step, the crosslinking step, the stretching step, and the annealing step are sequentially performed, and is further preferably a method in which the swelling step, the dyeing step, the crosslinking step, the stretching step, the fixing step, the drying step, and the annealing step are sequentially performed. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.

In the above-mentioned production method, it is preferable to first perform a step of swelling the PVA film as a raw material. In the swelling step, the PVA film is swollen by being immersed in water at 10 to 50 ℃. The temperature of water is preferably 20 ℃ or higher, more preferably 40 ℃ or lower. By immersing in water at such a temperature, the PVA film can be uniformly swollen with high efficiency. The PVA film is preferably immersed in water for 0.1 to 5 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 3 minutes. By setting such a dipping time, the PVA film can be uniformly swelled efficiently. The water for impregnating the PVA film is not limited to pure water, and may be an aqueous solution in which various components are dissolved, or may be a mixture of water and a water-soluble organic solvent.

In the above-described production method, a step of dyeing the PVA film with an iodine-based dichroic dye is performed. Preferably, the swelling step is followed by a dyeing step. The dyeing step may be performed before or after the stretching step described later, but is preferably performed before or after the stretching step. The dyeing step is usually carried out by immersing the PVA film in a solution (particularly an aqueous solution) containing iodine-potassium iodide as a dyeing bath, and such a dyeing method is suitably employed in the present invention. The concentration of iodine in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, and the concentration of potassium iodide is preferably 0.01 to 10 mass%. The temperature of the dyeing bath is preferably 10 to 50 ℃, particularly preferably 20 to 40 ℃. The time for immersing the PVA film in the dyeing bath is preferably 0.1 to 10 minutes, and more preferably 0.2 to 5 minutes. The dyeing bath may contain a boron compound in an amount of usually less than 5% by mass, and preferably 1% by mass or less, in terms of boric acid. As the boron compound, a boron compound described later as a compound used in the crosslinking step can be used.

In the above-mentioned production method, a step of crosslinking the PVA film with a boron compound is performed. After the crosslinking step is performed in this way, a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance and hue and a low shrinkage rate can be obtained by performing an annealing treatment step described later. The crosslinking step is performed before the annealing step. Further, it is preferable to perform the crosslinking step after the dyeing step. In the case of wet stretching at high temperature, it is preferable to perform the crosslinking step before the stretching step, from the viewpoint of preventing elution of PVA. By using an aqueous solution containing a boron compound as a dyeing bath or a stretching bath, the crosslinking step can be performed simultaneously with the dyeing step or the stretching step. Further, as the fixing treatment step described later, a step of crosslinking the PVA film with a boron compound may be performed.

The crosslinking step may be performed by immersing the PVA film in an aqueous solution containing a boron compound. As the boron compound, 1 or 2 or more kinds of boric acid, borax, or the like can be used. The concentration of the boron compound in the aqueous solution is preferably 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 2 to 7% by mass, in terms of boric acid. The above-mentioned effects can be exhibited by setting the concentration to 1 to 15 mass%, and sufficient stretchability can be maintained. The aqueous solution may contain an auxiliary such as potassium iodide. The temperature of the aqueous solution is preferably 20 to 50 ℃, and particularly preferably 25 to 40 ℃ from the viewpoint of efficiently crosslinking the polymer.

The PVA film may be stretched in the above-described steps or between the steps, independently of the stretching step described later. By performing such stretching (pre-stretching), the PVA film can be prevented from being wrinkled. From the viewpoint of polarization performance and the like in the production of a polarizing film, the total stretching ratio of the pre-stretching (ratio obtained by multiplying the stretching ratios in the respective steps) is preferably 4 times or less based on the original length of the PVA film as the raw material before stretching. The stretching ratio in the swelling step is preferably 1.05 to 3 times, the stretching ratio in the dyeing step is preferably 3 times or less, and the stretching ratio in the crosslinking step is preferably 2 times or less.

In the method for producing the polarizing film, the step of stretching the PVA film is performed. The stretching step may be performed by uniaxially stretching the PVA film by a wet stretching method or a dry stretching method. In the case of the wet stretching method, the stretching may be performed in an aqueous solution containing a boron compound, or may be performed in the above-mentioned dyeing bath or crosslinking bath. As the boron compound, the boron compound used in the crosslinking treatment as described above can be used. In the case of the dry stretching method, the stretching may be performed directly at room temperature, may be performed while heating, or may be performed in the air using a PVA film after water absorption. Among these, wet stretching is preferable, and uniaxial stretching in an aqueous solution containing a boron compound is more preferable. The concentration of the boron compound in the aqueous solution of the boron compound is preferably 0.5 to 6.0% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by mass, and particularly preferably 1.5 to 4.5% by mass in terms of boric acid. The aqueous solution may contain potassium iodide, and the concentration thereof is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass.

In the stretching step, the temperature at which the PVA film is stretched is preferably 30 to 90 ℃, more preferably 40 to 80 ℃, and still more preferably 50 to 70 ℃.

The stretching ratio in the stretching step is preferably 1.2 times or more, more preferably 1.5 times or more, and further preferably 2 times or more, from the viewpoint of polarization performance in the production of a polarizing film and the like. Further, the total stretching magnification (magnification obtained by multiplying the stretching magnifications in the respective steps) including the stretching magnification of the pre-stretching is preferably 5.2 times or more, more preferably 5.5 times or more, and particularly preferably 5.8 times or more, based on the original length of the PVA film as the raw material before stretching. The upper limit of the total stretching ratio is not particularly limited, and the stretching ratio is preferably 8 or less in order to prevent stretch breaking.

The uniaxial stretching direction in the case of uniaxially stretching a long PVA film is not particularly limited, and uniaxial stretching in the long direction or transverse uniaxial stretching in the width direction may be employed. In the case of producing a polarizing film, uniaxial stretching, which is stretching in the longitudinal direction, is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a polarizing film having excellent polarizing performance. The uniaxial stretching in the longitudinal direction can be performed by using a stretching apparatus including a plurality of parallel rolls and changing the peripheral speed between the rolls. On the other hand, the transverse uniaxial stretching may be performed using a tenter type stretching machine.

In the method for producing a polarizing film, it is preferable that the PVA film is subjected to a fixing treatment step after the stretching step. This makes the iodine-based dichroic dye strongly adsorbed to the PVA film. As the fixing treatment bath used in the fixing treatment, an aqueous solution containing 1 or 2 or more kinds of boron compounds can be used, and as the boron compound, the boron compound used in the crosslinking treatment as described above can be used. Further, an iodine compound or a metal compound may be added to the fixing treatment bath as needed. The concentration of the boron compound in the fixing treatment bath is preferably 1 to 15 mass%. The concentration of the boron compound is more preferably 10% by mass or less. When the aqueous solution contains potassium iodide, the concentration thereof is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass. The temperature of the fixing treatment bath is preferably 15 to 60 ℃, and more preferably 20 to 40 ℃.

In the production method of the present invention, it is also preferable that the dyeing step, the crosslinking step, and the stretching step are further followed by a step of drying the PVA film and then the annealing step. When the fixing treatment step is performed, it is preferable to perform a drying step after the fixing treatment step. From the viewpoint of further improving the dimensional stability of the polarizing film, the drying temperature is preferably 30 ℃ or more, more preferably 40 ℃ or more, and further preferably 50 ℃ or more. On the other hand, the drying temperature is preferably 100 ℃ or less, more preferably 80 ℃ or less, from the viewpoint of better polarization performance and hue of the polarizing film. From the viewpoint of further improving the dimensional stability of the polarizing film, the drying time is preferably 10 seconds or more, more preferably 30 seconds or more, and further preferably 1 minute or more. On the other hand, the drying time is preferably 30 minutes or less, more preferably 15 minutes or less, further preferably 10 minutes or less, and particularly preferably 5 minutes or less, from the viewpoint of better polarization performance and hue of the polarizing film. The drying step is preferably performed in a gas such as air or an inert gas, and the former is more preferable from the viewpoint of enabling easy handling. The humidity when the drying step is performed in air is not particularly limited, and the relative humidity is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 15% or less.

The PVA film thus obtained is fixed in the stretching direction, and then subjected to an annealing treatment step of heating at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more. Here, the degree of polarization of the PVA film to be subjected to the annealing treatment step is preferably 99.7% or more. By performing the annealing step, the shrinkage rate can be reduced while maintaining excellent polarization performance and hue of the PVA film. Therefore, by subjecting such a PVA film having a high degree of polarization to the annealing process, a polarizing film having excellent polarization performance and hue and a low shrinkage rate can be obtained. From the same viewpoint, the b value of the monomer of the PVA film to be subjected to the annealing treatment step is preferably 2.8 or less. When the drying step is performed at 55 to 65 ℃, the total of the drying step and the annealing step may be performed for 72 hours or more. However, when annealing the roll of PVA film as described later, it is necessary to perform annealing for 72 hours or more on the roll of PVA film.

In addition, from the viewpoint of further enhancing the above-described effect by the annealing treatment step, the moisture content of the PVA film to be supplied to the annealing treatment step is preferably 1 to 25% by mass. The water content is more preferably 20% by mass or less, and still more preferably 15% by mass or less.

In the annealing step, the PVA film needs to be annealed in a state in which the stretching direction is fixed. The method in this case is not particularly limited, and a method may be employed in which the PVA film is wound in a stretching direction to obtain a film roll, and then the film roll is heated; the former method is preferred from the viewpoint of productivity, for example, a method of fixing the end of the PVA film in the stretching direction with a chuck or the like and then annealing the fixed end.

The annealing step is carried out at 55 to 65 ℃. By treating the PVA film at such a low temperature, the shrinkage rate can be reduced while maintaining excellent polarization performance and hue of the PVA film. When the temperature is less than 55 ℃, the effect of reducing the shrinkage of the PVA film is not obtained. The temperature is preferably 57 ℃ or higher. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 65 ℃, the polarizing performance and the hue of the PVA film are lowered. The temperature is preferably 63 ℃ or lower.

The annealing step is preferably performed in a gas such as air or an inert gas, and the former is more preferable from the viewpoint of enabling easy processing. The humidity when the annealing step is performed in air is not particularly limited, and the relative humidity is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 15% or less.

In the annealing step, the PVA film is heated for 72 hours or more. By heating the PVA film at a low temperature for a long time in this manner, the shrinkage rate can be reduced while maintaining excellent polarization performance and color of the PVA film. When the heating time is less than 72 hours, the effect of reducing the shrinkage rate of the PVA film is insufficient. The heating time is preferably 85 hours or more, and more preferably 100 hours or more. On the other hand, the heating time is preferably 300 hours or less, more preferably 200 hours or less.

The present inventors have studied annealing treatment of a polarizing film in order to solve the problem of warpage of a glass plate caused by shrinkage of the polarizing film in an LCD, and as a result, although the shrinkage rate is reduced by increasing the treatment temperature, the polarizing performance and the color are deteriorated, and it is difficult to achieve both of them. The inventor and the like further research, and surprisingly found that: by performing the annealing treatment at a low temperature for a long time as described above, the shrinkage can be reduced while maintaining excellent polarization performance and hue. The mechanism is not clear, but it is considered that: by annealing at a low temperature for a long time, the crosslinking point of PVA based on a boron compound increases and the shrinkage rate decreases. Further, it can be considered that: by performing the annealing treatment at a low temperature, the amorphous portion of PVA is prevented from being changed and the dye is prevented from being decomposed, and thus the polarization performance can be maintained. Further, it is considered that: by performing the annealing treatment at a low temperature, the thermal decomposition of the PVA film is suppressed, and thus the hue can be maintained.

The polarizing film of the present invention thus obtained must have a monomer b value of 3.0 or less. Thus, the polarizing film of the present invention having a low b value of the monomer and an excellent hue can be suitably used for LCDs and the like. The monomer b value is preferably 2.7 or less, more preferably 2.45 or less.

The polarizing film must satisfy the following formulae (1) and (2).

A≤0.9 (1)

B/A≥55 (2)

When the shrinkage rate a of the polarizing film is 0.9% or less, the glass plate hardly warps when the polarizing film is used for an LCD. As described above, the polarizing film of the present invention having a low shrinkage rate a is suitable for LCDs, particularly for LCDs for mobile devices that are often used or stored at high temperatures and that use thin glass plates. The shrinkage rate a is preferably 0.85% or less, more preferably 0.80% or less. On the other hand, the shrinkage a is preferably 0.5% or more from the viewpoint of particularly excellent balance among polarization performance, hue, and dimensional stability. As a method for measuring the shrinkage a of the polarizing film, the method described in the following examples was used.

Shrinkage stress B (N/mm) of the polarizing film²) When the ratio (B/a) to the shrinkage a (%) is 55 or more, the polarization film has a good balance between dimensional stability and polarization performance. In general, when the polarization degree of a polarizing film is intended to be increased, the shrinkage stress and shrinkage rate become high, and when the polarizing film is used for an LCD, problems such as warpage of a glass plate occur. On the other hand, the polarizing film of the present invention has high shrinkage stress B and low shrinkage rate a, and thus can achieve both dimensional stability and polarization performance, thereby solving such problems. Ratio of the aboveThe value (B/A) is preferably 60 or more. On the other hand, the ratio (B/a) is preferably 100 or less.

As a method for measuring the shrinkage rate a and the shrinkage stress B of the polarizing film, the method described in the following examples can be used. In the present invention, the shrinkage rate and the shrinkage stress are measured in the stretching direction of the polarizing film, and when the polarizing film is stretched in a plurality of directions, the measurement is performed in the direction having a high stretching magnification.

The polarizing film preferably satisfies the following formula (3).

B≥45 (3)

Wherein B is as defined above for formula (2).

By setting the shrinkage stress B of the polarizing film to 45N/mm²As described above, the polarization performance is further improved. As described above, since the polarizing film has a low shrinkage rate a, when the polarizing film is used for an LCD, even if the film shrinks, the dimensional change of the film is absorbed by the adhesive layer between the film and the glass plate. Therefore, even if the shrinkage stress B is high, the glass is less likely to warp. In particular, since the LCD for mobile devices such as mobile terminals is small in size and the dimensional change due to the shrinkage of the polarizing film is small, the glass is less likely to warp. The shrinkage stress B is more preferably 47N/mm²The above. On the other hand, the shrinkage stress B is preferably 60N/mm²The following.

The thickness of the polarizing film is preferably 1 to 30 μm. Such a thin polarizing film is suitable for LCDs and the like, particularly for LCDs for mobile devices. When the thickness is less than 1 μm, it may be difficult to produce a polarizing film, and uneven dyeing may be easily caused. The thickness is preferably 5 μm or more. On the other hand, the thickness is more preferably 20 μm or less.

The content of PVA in the polarizing film is preferably 50 to 99% by mass. The content is more preferably 75% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 85% by mass or more. Further, it is more preferably 98% by mass or less, still more preferably 96% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or less.

The content of the boron compound in the polarizing film is preferably 5 to 50% by mass in terms of boric acid. When the content is less than 5% by mass, the effect of reducing the shrinkage rate may be insufficient. The content is more preferably 12% by mass or more. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 50 mass%, the shrinkage force of the polarizing film may become too high. The content is more preferably 30% by mass or less.

The polarization degree of the polarizing film must be 99.5% or more. Such a polarizing film having a high degree of polarization is suitable for a high-performance LCD. The degree of polarization is preferably 99.7% or more, and more preferably 99.8% or more.

The polarizing film must have a monomer b value of 3.0 or less. Thus, a polarizing film having a low b value of the monomer and excellent hue can be suitably used for a high-performance LCD. The monomer b value is preferably 2.8 or less, more preferably 2.5 or less. On the other hand, the value of the monomer b is usually 0 or more. The monomer b value is preferably 1.0 or more from the viewpoint of particularly excellent balance between polarization performance and hue and dimensional stability.

A polarizing plate obtained by laminating the polarizing film and the protective film is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The polarizing plate using the polarizing film has excellent polarizing performance and hue, and is excellent in dimensional stability because of its low shrinkage rate, and thus is suitable for LCDs and the like, particularly for LCDs for mobile devices.

The protective film is not particularly limited as long as it is optically transparent and has mechanical strength, and for example, a Triacetylcellulose (TAC) film, a Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB) film, an acrylic film, a polyester film, a Cyclic Olefin (COP) film, or the like can be used. The polarizing plate may be one in which the protective film is bonded to one surface of the polarizing film, or may be one in which the protective films are bonded to both surfaces of the polarizing film. Examples of the adhesive used for bonding include a PVA adhesive, a urethane adhesive, and an ultraviolet-curable adhesive.

The method for producing the polarizing plate is not particularly limited, and is preferably a method comprising a step of dyeing a PVA film with an iodine-based dichroic dye, a step of crosslinking the PVA film with a boron compound, and a step of stretching the PVA film, a step of laminating the PVA film and a protective film to obtain a multilayer film, and a step of annealing the multilayer film in which the stretching direction is fixed by heating the multilayer film at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more. According to this production method, a polarizing plate which is bright, has good polarization characteristics, and is excellent in dimensional stability even when used under high temperature conditions can be obtained, and therefore, the method is applicable to the production of various polarizing plates including the polarizing plate of the present invention. The polarizing plate can be obtained in the same manner as the polarizing film production method, except for a step of laminating a PVA film and a protective film to obtain a multilayer film (hereinafter, may be referred to as "lamination step"). In the case where the drying step is performed in the method for producing a polarizing plate, the laminating step may be performed before the drying step, or may be performed after the drying step. When the fixing treatment step is performed, it is preferable to perform the laminating step after the fixing treatment step.

The polarizing plate thus obtained is bright, has good polarization characteristics, and has excellent dimensional stability even when used under high temperature conditions, and therefore, is suitable for high-performance LCDs, particularly for LCDs for mobile devices.

Examples

The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.

[ calculation of boron element content in polarizing film ]

The polarizing film (mass Jg) was added to distilled water and then heated to obtain an aqueous solution (mass Kg, solid content 0.005 mass%) in which the polarizing film was dissolved. The boron concentration [ l (ppm) ] in the aqueous solution was measured using an ICP emission analyzer (ICP) of MULTI type manufactured by shimadzu corporation, and the content of boron element in the polarizing film was determined by the following calculation formula.

The total content (mass%) of boron in the polarizing film was ═ L × 10^-6×K)/J]×100。

[ optical characteristics of polarizing film ]

A rectangular sample of the polarizing film having a length direction of 3cm and a width direction of 1.5cm was taken from the center in the width direction of the obtained polarizing film, and the monomer transmittance (T), the degree of polarization (V), and the monomer b value were measured in accordance with JIS Z8722 (method for measuring object color) using an integrating sphere-equipped spectrophotometer ("V7100" manufactured by japan spectrochemical corporation) after performing visibility correction.

[ shrinkage stress of polarizing film ]

The shrinkage stress was measured by using an autoclave AG-X with a thermostatic bath manufactured by Shimadzu corporation and a video extensometer TR ViewX 120S. For the measurement, a polarizing film was used which was subjected to humidity control at 20 ℃ and 20% RH for 18 hours. After the temperature in the autoclave AG-X was set to 20 ℃, the polarizing film (15 cm in the longitudinal direction and 1.5cm in the width direction) was mounted on a chuck (5 cm in the chuck interval). Simultaneously, stretching (speed of 1mm/min) and temperature rise (10 ℃/min) from the constant temperature bath to 80 ℃ are started. After about 3 seconds, the stretching was stopped at a point when the tension reached 2N, and the state was maintained. The tension was measured from the temperature in the thermostatic bath to 80 ℃ to 4 hours later. At this time, since the distance between the chucks changes due to thermal expansion, the distance between the chucks can be corrected in accordance with the amount of movement of the reticle attached to the chucks by attaching the reticle adhesive to the chucks and using the video extensometer TR ViewX 120S. The value obtained by subtracting the initial tension 2N from the measured value of the tension (N) after 4 hours is defined as the shrinkage force (N) of the polarizing film, and this value (N) is divided by the cross-sectional area (mm) of the sample²) The resulting value is defined as the shrinkage stress (N/mm)²)。

[ shrinkage of polarizing film ]

The shrinkage was measured using a thermomechanical measuring apparatus (Q400) manufactured by TA Instruments. For the measurement, a polarizing film was used which was subjected to humidity control at 20 ℃ and 20% RH for 18 hours. The polarizing film was cut into a length direction of 3cm and a width direction of 0.3cm, and the obtained measurement sample was attached to the apparatus so that the distance between chucks was about 2 cm. The inside of the apparatus was heated from 20 ℃ to 80 ℃ at 10 ℃/min, and then the polarizing film was heated by holding at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and the shrinkage was calculated by the following equation. A constant load of 0.098(N) was applied from the time the sample was mounted to the time the measurement was completed.

Shrinkage (%) < 100 x (x-y)/x

x: distance between chucks (cm) before heating

y: distance (cm) between chucks after heating.

[ Water ratio ]

The PVA film was dried at 105 ℃ for 16 hours, and the water content of the PVA film was determined from the mass of the PVA film before and after drying by the following formula.

Moisture ratio (%) < 100 × (α - β)/α

α: quality (g) of PVA film before drying

Beta: mass (g) of the PVA film after drying.

Example 1

[ production of polarizing film ]

An aqueous solution containing 100 parts by mass of PVA (having a degree of saponification of 99.9 mol% and a degree of polymerization of 2500), 10 parts by mass of glycerin as a plasticizer, and 0.1 part by mass of sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate as a surfactant and having a PVA content of 9% by mass was used as a film-forming stock solution. This was dried on a metal roll at 80 ℃ and the resulting film was heat-treated in a hot air dryer at a temperature of 112 ℃ for 10 minutes to produce a PVA film having a thickness of 30 μm.

A sample having a width of 5cm and a length of 11cm was cut out from the width direction center portion of the obtained PVA film, and the sample was fixed to a uniaxial stretching jig so that the sample could be uniaxially stretched in the MD (machine axis) direction during film formation in the range of 5cm in width and 5cm in length. As the swelling step, the sample was immersed in pure water at 30 ℃ during which it was uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction by a factor of 1.1. Next, as a dyeing step, the substrate was immersed in an aqueous solution (dyeing bath, temperature 30 ℃) containing iodine and potassium iodide at a mass ratio of 1:20 for 60 seconds to adsorb iodine, and the substrate was uniaxially stretched 2.2 times (2.4 times as a whole) in the longitudinal direction during the immersion. At this time, the iodine concentration of the dyeing bath was adjusted so that the transmittance of the dried polarizing film became 44%. Subsequently, as a crosslinking step, the sheet was immersed in an aqueous solution containing boric acid at a ratio of 2.6 mass% (crosslinking bath, temperature 32 ℃) and uniaxially stretched 1.1 times (2.7 times as a whole) along the longitudinal direction during the immersion. Next, as a drawing step, the sheet was immersed in a solution containing boric acid at a ratio of 3 mass% and potassium iodide at a ratio of 5 mass%During this time, the aqueous solution (stretching bath, temperature: 60 ℃) was uniaxially stretched 2.2 times (6.0 times as a whole) in the longitudinal direction. Next, as a fixing treatment step, the stretched PVA film was immersed in an aqueous boric acid solution (boric acid concentration: 1.5% by mass, potassium iodide concentration: 4% by mass, temperature: 22 ℃) for 10 seconds. Next, as a washing step, the substrate was immersed in an aqueous solution (washing bath, temperature 20 ℃) containing potassium iodide in a proportion of 3.5 mass% for 5 seconds. Next, as a drying step, the PVA film thus obtained was dried in air at 80 ℃ for 4 minutes. The drying step was performed in an open state in the atmosphere using a hot air dryer. The thus obtained PVA film before the annealing step (reference example 1) was measured for optical properties, shrinkage rate, shrinkage stress, thickness, moisture ratio and boron content. The PVA film before the annealing step had a water content of 8.1% and a boron content of 3.46% by mass [ boric acid (B (OH))₃) The content was 19.8 mass%]. Other results are shown in table 1. In addition, the shrinkage rate and the monomer b value of the PVA film were plotted to fig. 1, and the shrinkage stress and shrinkage rate were plotted to fig. 2.

The obtained PVA film was cut so that the MD direction was 20cm and the TD direction was 7 cm. The frame made of 2 sheets of stainless steel was sandwiched so that both ends of the PVA film in the MD direction did not loosen, and was further sandwiched between two outer clips. Thus, both ends of the PVA film in the MD direction were fixed. The PVA film was annealed in air at 60 ℃ for 120 hours using a thermostatic bath. The annealing treatment is performed in a state of being opened to the atmosphere. The polarizing film thus obtained was measured for optical characteristics, shrinkage rate and shrinkage stress. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the shrinkage rate and the monomer b value of the polarizing film are plotted in fig. 1, and the shrinkage stress and the shrinkage rate are plotted in fig. 2. The boron content of the obtained polarizing film was substantially the same as that of the PVA film before the annealing step.

Example 2, comparative examples 1 to 3, 5 to 12, and 14 to 16

Polarizing films were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in example 1, except that the temperature and time of the annealing treatment were changed as shown in table 1. The results are shown in table 1, fig. 1 and fig. 2.

Example 3

[ production of multilayer film ]

A PVA film before the annealing step was obtained in the same manner as in example 1. A cellulose Triacetate (TAC) film coated with a PVA paste (PVA content of 3 mass%) on one side was disposed on both sides of the PVA film, and after lamination by a laminator, drying was performed at 60 ℃ for 10 minutes, thereby obtaining a multilayer film before the annealing step.

The multilayer film before the annealing step was immersed in dichloromethane, which is a good solvent for TAC, for 1 week, and then dried at room temperature for 24 hours in a ventilation device, thereby removing TAC from the PVA film. The optical characteristics, shrinkage rate, shrinkage stress and thickness of the PVA film (reference example 2) from which TAC was removed were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[ annealing treatment of multilayer film ]

An annealing treatment step was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the multilayer film before the annealing treatment step was used, thereby obtaining a polarizing film (polarizing plate). After TAC was removed from the obtained polarizing film (polarizing plate) in the same manner as described above, the optical characteristics, shrinkage ratio, shrinkage stress and thickness of the polarizing film after removal of TAC were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative examples 4 and 13

Polarizing plates were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in example 3, except that the temperature and time of the annealing treatment were changed as shown in table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

Claims

1. A polarizing film comprising a polyvinyl alcohol film containing an iodine-based dichroic dye and crosslinked with a boron compound,

the degree of polarization is 99.5% or more, the value of monomer b is 1.0 to 3.0 inclusive, and the following formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied,

A≤0.9 (1)

B/A≥55 (2)

wherein, a is a shrinkage rate of the polarizing film after heating at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and a unit thereof is; b is the shrinkage stress of the polarizing film after heating at 80 ℃ for 4 hours, and has a unit of N/mm²。

2. The polarizing film according to claim 1, wherein A is 0.5 or more.

3. The polarizing film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1,500 to 6,000.

4. The polarizing film according to claim 1 or 2, having a thickness of 1 to 30 μm.

5. A polarizing plate comprising the polarizing film according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a protective film laminated thereon.

6. The polarizing film production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein after the step of dyeing the polyvinyl alcohol film with the iodine-based dichroic dye, the step of crosslinking the film using the boron compound, and the step of stretching, the polyvinyl alcohol film with the stretching direction fixed is heated at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more and then subjected to an annealing treatment step.

7. The method for producing a polarizing plate according to claim 5, wherein a step of dyeing a polyvinyl alcohol film with an iodine-based dichroic dye, a step of crosslinking the film using a boron compound, and a step of stretching are performed, and then the polyvinyl alcohol film and a protective film are laminated to obtain a multilayer film, and an annealing step of heating the multilayer film with the stretching direction fixed at 55 to 65 ℃ for 72 hours or more is performed.