CN110379805B - 图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法。将设置有LED发光器件的载体晶圆与器件晶圆键合,使得LED发出的光透过器件晶圆的光通道,照亮目标物体,并由器件晶圆进行图像采集。本发明中载体晶圆和器件晶圆前后键合设置在内窥镜探测头,减小了内窥镜探测头的截面积,或者同样的截面积可以增加图像传感器像素,满足将内窥镜做小的市场需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及集成电路制造领域,特别涉及一种图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法。
背景技术
内窥镜微创医疗是微创医疗技术中出现时间最早、发展最为成熟的技术之一。内窥镜微创手术具有创伤小、手术时间短、术后康复快等特点,备受医患双方的青睐。随着内窥镜微创技术的普及和内窥镜加工工艺的提高,内窥镜应用已涉及普外科、耳鼻喉科、骨科、泌尿外科、妇科、儿科等几乎所有科室,成为医用不可或缺的手术设备,也是全球医疗器械产业中增长最快的产品之一。
传统的内窥镜系统常常包含体积庞大的摄像系统、显示系统等,而且连接线繁琐杂乱。而便携式的体积小巧的内窥镜则可以大大方便医务人员对患者的某些腔内疾病病情的观察及记录,提供在对病人创伤最小的情况下进行手术的手段,已在医学界取得了普遍公认。新型内窥镜可经过人体天然孔道,或者经手术做的小切口进入体内。
图1是一种常见的内窥镜探测头的布局,内窥镜探测头10主要由光源11和图像传感器12组成,两者并列放置。光源11发光,照亮目标物体,由图像传感器12采集图像。这种布局使得内窥镜探测头的截面积过大,内窥镜系统体积增加,使受术者接收手术时承受更大的痛苦。减少像素、缩小像素面积或者缩小光源面积的方法可以减小内窥镜探测头截面积,但是会影响成像质量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法,以减少内窥镜探测头的截面积,满足将内窥镜做小的市场需求。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供一种图像传感器晶圆,包括:
载体晶圆,包括载体基底、以及所述载体基底上依次设置的LED发光器件和第一介质层;
器件晶圆,包括器件基底、以及所述器件基底上依次设置的第二介质层和遮光金属层;
键合氧化层,在所述遮光金属层上设置键合氧化层,并通过所述键合氧化层实现对所述载体晶圆与所述器件晶圆的键合;
其中,所述器件晶圆包括:像素区及围绕所述像素区设置的逻辑区,在所述逻辑区设置有若干贯穿所述器件基底和所述第二介质层的光通道。
可选的,所述第二介质层中设置有转换器件、金属布线层、传输栅及逻辑栅。
可选的,开设于所述逻辑区中的所述光通道的形状包括正方体、长方体或圆柱体。
可选的,所述光通道内设置有透光材料。
可选的,所述遮光金属层设置在所述像素区,所遮光金属层的材质包括铝或铜。
可选的,所述第一介质层和所述键合氧化层均为二氧化硅层,其中,所述第二介质层中设置有转换器件、金属布线层、传输栅及逻辑栅。
相应的,本发明提供一种图像传感器芯片,所述图像传感器芯片由上述图像传感器晶圆制得。
可选的,所述图像传感器芯片应用于内窥镜探测头中。
进一步的,本发明提供一种图像传感器晶圆的制作方法,包括:
提供载体基底,在所述载体基底上依次设置LED发光器件和第一介质层,以形成载体晶圆;
提供器件基底,在所述器件基底上依次设置第二介质层和遮光金属层,以形成器件晶圆,其中,所述器件晶圆包括像素区及围绕所述像素区设置的逻辑区;
在所述遮光金属层上设置键合氧化层,并通过所述键合氧化层实现对所述载体晶圆与所述器件晶圆的键合;
在所述逻辑区设置贯穿所述器件基底和所述第二介质层的光通道,并在所述光通道内填充透光性材料。
可选的,所述载体晶圆与所述器件晶圆键合之后,在所述逻辑区形成光通道之前,还包括:
对所述器件晶圆的所述器件基底进行减薄处理。
本发明提供一种图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法。将设置有LED发光器件的载体晶圆与器件晶圆键合,使得LED发出的光透过器件晶圆的光通道,照亮目标物体,并由器件晶圆进行图像采集。本发明中载体晶圆和器件晶圆前后键合设置在内窥镜探测头,减小了内窥镜探测头的截面积,或者同样的截面积可以增加图像传感器像素,满足将内窥镜做小的市场需求。
附图说明
图1为一种内窥镜探测头的布局;
图2为本发明一实施例中内窥镜探测头的布局;
图3为本发明一实施例提供的图像传感器晶圆的制作方法的流程示意图;
图4A-图4I为本发明一实施例提供的图像传感器晶圆的制作方法对应的各步骤的结构示意图;
图5A-图5B为本发明一实施例提供的图像传感器芯片的横向截面图。
附图标记说明:
10-内窥镜探测头;11-光源;12-图像传感器晶圆;20-目标物体;
100-载体晶圆;101-载体基底;102-LED发光器件;103-第一介质层;
200-器件晶圆;201-器件基底;202-第二介质层;203-遮光金属层;204-光通道;205-透光性材料;200a-像素区;200b-逻辑区。
具体实施方式
现有内窥镜探测头10中由光源11和图像传感器12并列放置使得内窥镜探测头的截面积过大,不利于手术操作。如图2所示,本发明实施例提供一种应用在内窥镜探测头的图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法,将设置有LED发光器件的载体晶圆100,键合在图像传感器的器件晶圆200背后,使得LED发出的光透过前面的器件晶圆200,照亮目标物体20,由器件晶圆200进行图像采集。本发明实施例提供的图像传感器芯片减小了内窥镜探测头的截面积,或者同样的截面积可以增加图像传感器像素,满足将内窥镜做小的市场需求。
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法作进一步详细说明。根据下面的说明和附图,本发明的优点和特征将更清楚,然而,需说明的是,本发明技术方案的构思可按照多种不同的形式实施,并不局限于在此阐述的特定实施例。附图均采用非常简化的形式且均使用非精准的比例,仅用以方便、明晰地辅助说明本发明实施例的目的。
在说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”“第二”等用于在类似要素之间进行区分,且未必是用于描述特定次序或时间顺序。要理解,在适当情况下,如此使用的这些术语可替换,例如可使得本文所述的本发明实施例能够以不同于本文所述的或所示的其他顺序来操作。类似的,如果本文所述的方法包括一系列步骤,且本文所呈现的这些步骤的顺序并非必须是可执行这些步骤的唯一顺序,且一些所述的步骤可被省略和/或一些本文未描述的其他步骤可被添加到该方法。若某附图中的构件与其他附图中的构件相同,虽然在所有附图中都可轻易辨认出这些构件,但为了使附图的说明更为清楚,本说明书不会将所有相同构件的标号标于每一图中。
图4F为本实施例所提供的图像传感器晶圆的结构示意图,图4I为本实施例所提供的图像传感器晶圆的一部分(图像传感器芯片)的结构示意图,图5A和图5B为本实施例所提供的图像传感器芯片的横向截面图。参考图4F、4I、5A和5B所示,本实施例提供一种传感器晶圆,包括:
载体晶圆100,包括载体基底101、以及所述载体基底101上依次设置的LED发光器件102和第一介质层103;
器件晶圆200,包括器件基底201、以及所述器件基底201上依次设置的第二介质层202和遮光金属层203;
键合氧化层300,在所述遮光金属层203上设置键合氧化层300,并通过所述键合氧化层300实现对所述载体晶圆100与所述器件晶圆100的键合。
具体的,所述载体基底101和所述器件基底201可以为本领域技术人员熟知的任意合适的底材,例如可以是以下所提到的材料中的至少一种:硅(Si)、锗(Ge)、锗硅(SiGe)、碳硅(SiC)、碳锗硅(SiGeC)、砷化铟(InAs)、砷化镓(GaAs)、磷化铟(InP)或者其它III/V化合物半导体,还包括这些半导体构成的多层结构等,或者为绝缘体上硅(SOI)、绝缘体上层叠硅(SSOI)、绝缘体上层叠锗化硅(S-SiGeOI)、绝缘体上锗化硅(SiGeOI)以及绝缘体上锗(GeOI)等。在本实施例中,所述载体基底101和所述器件基底201选用单晶硅材料构成,其中,所述器件基底201中形成有光电二极管以及相应的隔离结构。
由于所述载体基底101上设置有LED发光器件102,使得载体晶圆100的表面凹凸不平,在所述载体基底101上沉积第一介质层103,覆盖所述LED发光器件102,然后通过化学机械研磨使表面平坦化,所述第一介质层103为二氧化硅层,也可以由二氧化硅之外的能起平坦化作用的其他材料形成。
所述器件基底201上设置有第二介质层202,所述第二介质层202中设置有转换器件、金属布线层、传输栅及逻辑栅等。如图4H所示,所述器件晶圆200包括像素区200a及围绕所述像素区设置的逻辑区200b,所述像素区200a所述像素区用于在其中形成像素单元,所述像素单元可以至少包括感光元件,诸如光电二极管。在其他实施例中,像素单元还可以包括与感光元件关联的其他元件,例如开关元件、电荷存储元件等。所述逻辑区200b用于在其中形成有源逻辑器件,例如逻辑功能电路、时序电路、存储单元等。其中,在所述像素区200a上设置有遮光金属层203,所述遮光金属层203位于所述第二介质层202上,其可以与铝、铜等金属材料制成。
所述逻辑区200b上设置有若干光通道204,所述光通道204通过深硅蚀刻工艺形成贯穿所述器件基底201和所述第二介质层202的硅通孔,并在所述硅通孔内填充二氧化硅等透光性能好的材料而形成。所述光通道204的形状可以为正方体、长方体或圆柱体等,即所述光通道204上方对应的通光孔形状(横向截面形状)可以是正方形、矩形,也可以为圆形、椭圆形等。本实施例中所述光通道204的形状的长方体,所述通光孔为矩形,长控制在100μm-1000μm之间,宽控制在1μm-500μm之间。所述光通道204的形状和尺寸取决于实际应用对光强的需求,并受后续形成的图像传感器芯片尺寸和版图的限制。所述光通道204可以位于所述像素区200a的两侧、单侧或四周,如图5A所示。相应的,所述光通道204可以由若干光通道单元组成,如图5B所示。优选的,所述光通道204对称设置在所述像素区200a的两侧。
所述键合氧化层300设置在所述第一介质层103和所述第二介质层202之间,并包裹所述遮光金属层203之间,即所述载体晶圆100和所述器件晶圆200通过键合氧化层300实现晶圆键合。所述键合金属层300可以为二氧化硅层,也可以根据具体键合工艺选择其他键合材料形成。
相应的,本实施例还提供一种图像传感器芯片,由上述图像传感器晶圆制得,例如可以对上述图像传感器晶圆进行切割、封装等工艺,以得到图像传感器芯片。示例性的,本实施例中的所述图像传感器芯片可以应用内窥镜探测头中,以减少内窥镜探测头的截面积,满足将内窥镜做小的市场需求。
本实施例还提供一种图像传感器晶圆的制作方法,图3为本实施例提供的一种图像传感器晶圆的制作方法的流程图,如图3所示,本实施例提供的图像传感器晶圆的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
S01:提供载体基底,在所述载体基底上依次设置LED发光器件和第一介质层,以形成载体晶圆;
S02:提供器件基底,在所述器件基底上依次设置第二介质层和遮光金属层,以形成器件晶圆,其中,所述器件晶圆包括像素区及围绕所述像素区设置的逻辑区;
S03:在所述遮光金属层上设置键合氧化层,并通过所述键合氧化层实现对所述载体晶圆与所述器件晶圆的键合;
S04:在所述逻辑区设置贯穿所述器件基底和所述第二介质层的光通道,并在所述光通道内填充透光性材料。
图4A~图4I为本实施例提供的一种图像传感器晶圆的制作方法的相应步骤对应的结构示意图,以下将参考图3并结合图4A~图4I详细说明本实施例提供的图像传感器晶圆的制作方法。
首先,参考图4A和图4B所示,执行步骤S01,提供载体基底101,在所述载体基底101上形成LED发光器件102,然后在所述载体基底101上形成第一介质层103,所述第一介质层103覆盖所述LED发光器件。所述载体基底101、发光二极管及第一介质层103构成载体晶圆100。所述第一介质层可以为二氧化硅层,示例性的,首先在所述载体基底101上沉积二氧化硅,使其覆盖所述载体基底101上LED发光器件102,然后通过化学机械研磨(CMP)工艺进行平台化处理。
接着,参考图4C所示,执行步骤S02,在提供器件基底201,在所述器件基底201上依次形成第二介质层202及覆盖部分所述第二介质层的遮光金属层203,以形成器件晶圆200。如图4G所示,所述器件晶圆200包括像素区200a及围绕所述像素区设置的逻辑区200b,所述第二介质层202形成在所述像素区200a和逻辑区200b上,所述遮光金属层203形成在所述像素区200a上。所述遮光金属层203可以通过物理气相沉积、光阻涂覆、图形定义、曝光、金属蚀刻等工艺形成。
接着,参考图4D和图4E所示,执行步骤S03,在所述遮光金属层203上形成键合氧化层300,通过所述键合氧化层300实现所述载体晶圆100与所述器件晶圆200的键合。其中,所述键合氧化层300覆盖所述遮光金属层203。示例性的,所述键合氧化层可以为二氧化硅层,可以通过在所述第二介质层202上沉积二氧化硅,然后经化学机械研磨工艺而形成。接着,可以通过热压键合的方式将所述键合氧化层300与第一介质层103粘结,以实现所述载体晶圆100与所述器件晶圆200的键合。在本发明其他实施例中也可以采用其他键合方法实现载体晶圆100与器件晶圆200的键合。
接着,参考图4F、图4G、4H和图4I所示,执行步骤S04,在所述逻辑区200b形成贯穿所述器件基底201和所述第二介质层202的光通道204,并在所述光通道204内填充透光性材料205。首先,在形成所述光通道204之前,对所述器件晶圆200进行背面减薄工艺,例如可以通过刻蚀或机械研磨的方式对所述器件晶圆200进行背面减薄处理,如图4F所示。通过减薄工艺后,所述器件晶圆200的厚度为2μm-20μm。
然后,在减薄后的所述器件晶圆200背面的逻辑区200b确定位置处打孔形成光通道204,如图4H所示。所述光通道204贯穿所述器件基底201和所述第二介质层202,打孔的方式可以通过深硅刻蚀工艺进行,也可以是其他可行的方式进行,比如机械钻孔、激光打孔等方式。
接着,在所述光通道204内填充透光性材料205,所述透光新材料例如可以为二氧化硅,也可以是二氧化硅之外的其他透光性能好的材料。示例性的,可以采用化学气相沉积(CVD)的方法在所述光通道204中沉积二氧化硅。
最后,在填充透光材料205的所述光通道204上方进行平坦化处理。例如可以通过化学机械研磨进行平坦化处理,最终形成如图4I所示的结构。如图5A和5B所示,所述光通道204位于所述像素区200a的两侧、单侧或四周,所述光通道204也可以由若干光通道单元组合而成。所述载体晶圆100上的LED发光器件102发出的光通过所述器件晶圆200逻辑区200b的光通道206,入射到目标物体。
综上所述,本发明提供一种图像传感器晶圆、芯片及其制作方法。将设置有LED发光器件的载体晶圆与器件晶圆键合,使得LED发出的光透过器件晶圆的光通道,照亮目标物体,并由器件晶圆进行图像采集。本发明中载体晶圆和器件晶圆前后键合设置在内窥镜探测头,减小了内窥镜探测头的截面积,或者同样的截面积可以增加图像传感器像素,满足将内窥镜做小的市场需求。
上述描述仅是对本发明较佳实施例的描述,并非对本发明范围的任何限定,本发明领域的普通技术人员根据上述揭示内容做的任何变更、修饰,均属于权利要求书的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种图像传感器晶圆,其特征在于,包括:
载体晶圆,包括载体基底、以及所述载体基底上依次设置的LED发光器件和第一介质层;
器件晶圆,包括器件基底、以及所述器件基底上依次设置的第二介质层和遮光金属层;
键合氧化层,在所述遮光金属层上设置键合氧化层,并通过所述键合氧化层实现对所述载体晶圆与所述器件晶圆的键合;
其中,所述器件晶圆包括:像素区及围绕所述像素区设置的逻辑区,在所述逻辑区设置有若干贯穿所述器件基底和所述第二介质层的光通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器晶圆,其特征在于,开设于所述逻辑区中的所述光通道形状包括正方体、长方体或圆柱体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的图像传感器晶圆,其特征在于,所述光通道内设置有透光材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器晶圆,其特征在于,所述遮光金属层设置在所述像素区,所遮光金属层的材质包括铝或铜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器晶圆,其特征在于,所述第一介质层和所述键合氧化层均为二氧化硅层;其中,所述第二介质层中设置有转换器件、金属布线层、传输栅及逻辑栅。
6.一种图像传感器芯片,其特征在于,所述图像传感器芯片由如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的图像传感器晶圆制得。
7.一种权利要求6所述的图像传感器芯片应用于内窥镜探测头中。
8.一种图像传感器晶圆的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
提供载体基底,在所述载体基底上依次设置LED发光器件和第一介质层,以形成载体晶圆;
提供器件基底,在所述器件基底上依次设置第二介质层和遮光金属层,以形成器件晶圆;其中,所述器件晶圆包括像素区及围绕所述像素区设置的逻辑区;
在所述遮光金属层上设置键合氧化层,并通过所述键合氧化层实现对所述载体晶圆与所述器件晶圆的键合;
在所述逻辑区设置贯穿所述器件基底和所述第二介质层的光通道,并在所述光通道内填充透光性材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的图像传感器晶圆的制作方法,其特征在于,所述载体晶圆与所述器件晶圆键合之后,在所述逻辑区形成光通道之前,还包括:对所述器件晶圆的所述器件基底进行减薄处理。
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