CN110376207A - A kind of ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method - Google Patents
A kind of ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110376207A CN110376207A CN201910647988.3A CN201910647988A CN110376207A CN 110376207 A CN110376207 A CN 110376207A CN 201910647988 A CN201910647988 A CN 201910647988A CN 110376207 A CN110376207 A CN 110376207A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
- G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method, belongs to machine vision technical field of nondestructive testing.This method determines the line-scan digital camera quantity used according to the maximum width of plate face and the minimum dimension and camera resolution of required detection defect, and narrow-band LED quantity of light source and camera quantity are consistent.After steel plate enters camera pickup area, laser velocimeter obtains steel plate speed, to determine the acquisition line rate of line-scan digital camera.Then multichannel PWM signal generator is controlled by industrial personal computer, generate pwm signal identical with acquisition line rate with pulse frequency, it exports pwm signal identical with camera quantity and controls camera synchronous acquisition, the image that each camera acquires is obtained full surface image in the displacement splicing of length and width direction by final realize.This method can realize the quick adjustment to light-source brightness in the case where guaranteeing that camera acquisition rate does not change, and guarantee the uniform of image background brightness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine vision technical field of nondestructive testing, particularly relates to a kind of ultra-wide slab surface defect and examine online
Examining system image-pickup method.
Background technique
It is obtained on the production line of major steel mill currently based on the Surface Defects in Steel Plate on-line detecting system of machine vision
It is widely used, to guaranteeing that it is critical that plate surface quality plays the role of, the key of the system is that background to be collected is uniform
Complete steel plate image just can be carried out accurate defect recognition.For being greater than the detection of the plank of 5 meters or more ultra-wide, due to detection
The requirement of precision needs to arrange the acquisition that multiple cameras could complete entire plate face in the direction of the width, these multiple cameras acquisitions
The needs of image, which carry out accurately splicing in width direction and the direction of motion, can just be convenient for subsequent defect analysis, due to plate
Face is very wide, and a banded LED light source cannot be guaranteed the uniformity in entire illumination region, will lead to the steel plate collected
Image background brightness shows non-uniform situation in the direction of the width, so need a plurality of band-like LED light source to provide illumination,
How these LED light source brightness changes are controlled in time to guarantee that camera corresponding with light source collects the uniform image needs of background
Emphasis considers.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system Image Acquisition
Method.
This method is increased by line-scan digital camera and narrow-band LED light source, multichannel PWM signal generator, laser velocimeter, signal
The combination of strong module realizes that Image Acquisition, realization process comprise the following steps that
(1) according to the minimum dimension α and line-scan digital camera point of the maximum width L of ultra-wide slab plate face and required detection defect
Resolution M, determines the line-scan digital camera quantity N used, and the quantity and line-scan digital camera quantity of narrow-band LED light source are consistent；
(2) after ultra-wide slab enters line-scan digital camera pickup area, laser testing instrument obtains ultra-wide slab speed ν, according to obtaining
The ultra-wide slab speed ν that gets and need to detect the minimum dimension α of defect to determine the acquisition line rate f of line-scan digital camera；
(3) multichannel PWM signal generator is controlled, pulse frequency pwm signal identical with acquisition line rate f is generated, it is defeated
The road N identical with line-scan digital camera quantity pulse signal out, every road signal are divided into two parts；
(4) by calibrating the position difference between each light belt of narrow-band LED light source in advance, each line-scan digital camera is acquired
The image to get off uses displacement splicing in length direction；
(5) image that each line-scan digital camera acquires is obtained into full surface image in the displacement splicing of length and width direction.
Wherein, line-scan digital camera quantity N=2L/ (α × M) in step (1).
Acquisition line rate f=2 ν/α of line-scan digital camera in step (2), to guarantee that minimum dimension is the detection of α defect, here
Acquisition precision needs to reach α/2.
A portion of step (3) road Zhong Mei signal is sent to be synchronized using the line-scan digital camera realization of external trigger mode and be adopted
Collection, another part pass through the power supply after the enhancing of signal enhancing module directly as narrow-band LED light source.It is supplied as narrow-band LED light source
Electricity signal can guarantee acquisition rate it is constant i.e. acquisition precision is constant in the case where, by control PWM signal generator more
Change signal dutyfactor and realizes light-source brightness adjustment to realize the adjustment of camera acquisition brightness of image.
The acquisition illumination region of each group line-scan digital camera uses interlaced mode arrangement.
Step (4) specifically: the illumination region dislocation distance of two adjacent linear array camera is σ, ultra-wide slab length direction
Upper acquisition precision θ is α/2, and α is the minimum dimension for needing to detect defect, then the pixel quantity Δ for needing to shift are as follows:
Δ=σ/θ=2 σ/α.
The advantageous effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
In above scheme, using multiple groups line-scan digital camera and narrow-band LED light source, steel plate is obtained by laser velocimeter and is accurately transported
Dynamic speed realizes the carry out external trigger synchronous acquisition control to multiple cameras using pwm signal, guarantees multiple camera acquisitions position
It sets, while controlling the brightness of the every a line lighting source of Image Acquisition by the pulse width using same signal, this method can
To realize that the light-source brightness of each line to acquisition image adjusts, while being realized pair using same pwm signal hardware mode
The control of speed and brightness of image is acquired, it can be achieved that single line brightness adjustment in image, allows light source quick response brightness change
Request.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method overall plan figure of the invention；
Fig. 2 is each camera pickup area layout in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is pwm signal schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and tool
Body embodiment is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method.
As shown in Figure 1, this method passes through line-scan digital camera and narrow-band LED light source, multichannel PWM signal generator, Laser Measuring
The combination of fast instrument, signal enhancing module realizes that Image Acquisition, realization process comprise the following steps that
(1) according to the maximum width L of ultra-wide slab plate face and the minimum dimension α and line-scan digital camera point that need to detect defect
Resolution M, determines the line-scan digital camera quantity N used, and the quantity and line-scan digital camera quantity of narrow-band LED light source are consistent；
(2) after ultra-wide slab enters line-scan digital camera pickup area, laser testing instrument obtains ultra-wide slab speed ν, according to obtaining
The ultra-wide slab speed ν that gets and need to detect the minimum dimension α of defect to determine the acquisition line rate f of line-scan digital camera；
(3) multichannel PWM signal generator is controlled, pulse frequency pwm signal identical with acquisition line rate f is generated, it is defeated
The road N identical with line-scan digital camera quantity pulse signal out, every road signal are divided into two parts；
(4) by calibrating the position difference between each light belt of narrow-band LED light source in advance, each line-scan digital camera is acquired
The image to get off uses displacement splicing in length direction；
(5) image that each line-scan digital camera acquires is obtained into full surface image in the displacement splicing of length and width direction.
It is explained combined with specific embodiments below.
According to the minimum dimension α of the maximum width L of plate face and required detection defect, and the pixel of used line-scan digital camera
Quantity M determines to need camera quantity N=2L/ (α M) to be used in width direction；
Meanwhile the quantity of narrow-band LED light source is identical with camera quantity.
Linear array is determined according to the minimum dimension α for needing to detect defect on the steel plate speed ν and width direction got
Acquisition line rate f, f=2 ν/α of camera.
As shown in figure 3, controlling multichannel PWM signal generator using the acquisition line rate f got, generates and acquire
The road the N pwm signal of line rate identical pulse frequency, every road signal are divided into two parts, and a part is sent to using external trigger mode
Line-scan digital camera, can guarantee the synchronous acquisition of N number of camera in this way, realize and guarantee consistent inspection in steel plate width and length direction
Survey precision, the periodic quantity t of the signal are as follows:
T=1/f
Confession of another part pwm signal after signal intensifier circuit amplifies as narrow-band LED light source matched with camera
Electricity, by calculating a line of the acquisition of each camera or the average gray value of multirow in real time, assessing the average gray value and setting
Determine the difference of benchmark gray scale, send the instruction of adjustment pwm signal pulse width, adjust the pulsewidth λ value of pwm signal, it is believed that
There are the relationships of near-linear for the variation of the brightness ν and pulsewidth λ of light source.
ν=K λ+β
K is a positive constant, and β is a constant.
Thus guaranteeing the constant situation of pwm signal pulse frequency, that is to say, that guarantee the acquisition rate of all cameras
All identical situation, pwm value, that is, pwm signal duty ratio by changing the pwm signal powered to LED light source can change
The brightness of changing light, realizes the adjustment to each camera acquisition image background brightness, and the entire process that adjusts can use self feed back
Mode carry out, realize quickly adjustment light-source brightness purpose.
Acquisition and the brightness of illumination of each camera for controlling all cameras by one group of pwm signal in this way, guarantee image
Splicing precision and background it is uniform.
To avoid the lighting source of each camera from influencing each other, the acquisition illumination region of each group camera is using interlaced
Mode, as shown in Figure 2, it is ensured that the influence for avoiding mutual light source to a certain extent, since entire collection process is according to speed
Precision in the accurate control direction of motion of degree is adopted each camera by calibrating the position difference between each light belt in advance
For the image collected in length direction using displacement splicing, such as illumination region dislocation distance of two neighboring camera is σ, steel
Acquisition precision θ is α/2 on plate length direction, and α is the minimum dimension for needing to detect defect, the then pixel quantity for needing to shift here
Δ is Δ=σ/θ=2 σ/α.
In the specific application process, workflow step is as follows:
Step 1: the steel plate in movement enters the pickup area of camera, (camera be may be implemented using line-scan digital camera in steel plate
Image in movement accurately splices, and pickup area is very narrow, can be to avoid the interference of different cameral light source), laser velocimeter
Measurement obtains the accurate motion speed when front spring.
Step 2:, when front spring movement velocity, calculating the acquisition linear speed that camera needs to use according to design acquisition precision
Rate, control multichannel PWM signal generator generate the multi-channel PWM pulse signal identical with camera quantity of same frequency, every road letter
Number a part is transmitted directly to line-scan digital camera, and another part is enhanced by signal power to be supplied after module is amplified to LED light source
Electricity, camera will start synchronous acquisition after receiving signal by the way of external trigger.
Step 3: the single line or multi-thread average gray value that are collected by calculating each camera, the benchmark with setting
It is compared, if difference value is larger, the pulse width of the road pwm pulse signal is adjusted, is not changing acquisition rate
In the case where the brightness of light source is adjusted in time, guarantee obtain each uniform image of camera background luminance,
Step 4: after the image for obtaining each camera, in the direction of the width according to prior overlapping positions obtained by calibrating
Image is shifted, splicing obtains the image of whole surface after displacement.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art
For, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications
It should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method, it is characterised in that: this method passes through linear array
Ultra-wide is realized in the combination of camera and narrow-band LED light source, multichannel PWM signal generator, laser velocimeter, signal enhancing module
Slab Image Acquisition, realization process comprise the following steps that
(1) according to the minimum dimension α and line-scan digital camera resolution ratio of the maximum width L of ultra-wide slab plate face and required detection defect
M, determines the line-scan digital camera quantity N used, and the quantity and line-scan digital camera quantity of narrow-band LED light source are consistent；
(2) after ultra-wide slab enters line-scan digital camera pickup area, laser testing instrument obtains ultra-wide slab speed ν, according to getting
Ultra-wide slab speed ν and the minimum dimension α of defect need to be detected to determine the acquisition line rate f of line-scan digital camera；
(3) industrial personal computer controls multichannel PWM signal generator, generates pulse frequency pwm signal identical with acquisition line rate f,
The road N identical with line-scan digital camera quantity pulse signal is exported, every road signal is divided into two parts；
(4) by calibrating the position difference between each light belt of narrow-band LED light source in advance, each line-scan digital camera is collected
Image length direction using displacement splicing；
(5) image that each line-scan digital camera acquires is obtained into full surface image in the displacement splicing of length and width direction.
2. ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Line-scan digital camera quantity N=2L/ (α × M) in the step (1).
3. ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Acquisition line rate f=2 ν/α of line-scan digital camera in the step (2).
4. ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
A portion of step (3) road Zhong Mei signal, which is sent to, realizes synchronous acquisition using the line-scan digital camera of external trigger mode,
Another part passes through the power supply after the enhancing of signal enhancing module directly as narrow-band LED light source.
5. ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The acquisition illumination region of each group line-scan digital camera uses interlaced mode arrangement.
6. ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The step (4) specifically: the illumination region dislocation distance of two adjacent linear array camera is σ, to guarantee to detect minimum
Defect having a size of α, acquisition precision θ is α/2, then the pixel quantity Δ for needing to shift on ultra-wide slab length direction are as follows:
Δ=σ/θ=2 σ/α.
7. ultra-wide slab surface defect on-line detecting system image-pickup method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Enhancing pwm signal as narrow-band LED light source power supply can guarantee acquisition rate it is constant i.e. acquisition precision is constant in the case where,
Signal dutyfactor, which is changed, by control PWM signal generator realizes light-source brightness adjustment to realize that camera acquires brightness of image
Quickly adjustment.
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| CN110632087A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2019-12-31 | 合肥泰禾光电科技股份有限公司 | Surface defect detection device |
| CN111521119A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 北京科技大学 | Casting blank thickness self-adaptive online image acquisition method |
| CN111521838A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 北京科技大学 | Hot-rolled coil speed measuring method combining linear-area array camera |
| CN111982923A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-24 | 陕西科技大学 | Paper defect detection driving power supply optimization method based on stroboscopic imaging principle |
| CN112858321A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-05-28 | 南京理工大学 | Steel plate surface defect detection system and method based on linear array CCD |
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| CN113776437A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-10 | 北京科技大学 | High-precision medium plate width measuring method based on machine vision |
| CN113804696A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-17 | 北京科技大学 | Method for determining size and area of defect on surface of bar |
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| CN110632087A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2019-12-31 | 合肥泰禾光电科技股份有限公司 | Surface defect detection device |
| WO2021184795A1 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2021-09-23 | 合肥埃科光电科技有限公司 | Camera multi-line time-sharing exposure processing method and system |
| US12081874B2 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2024-09-03 | Hefei I-Tek Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. | Camera multi-line time-division exposure processing method and system |
| CN111521119A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 北京科技大学 | Casting blank thickness self-adaptive online image acquisition method |
| CN111521838A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 北京科技大学 | Hot-rolled coil speed measuring method combining linear-area array camera |
| CN111521119B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-07-23 | 北京科技大学 | Casting blank thickness self-adaptive online image acquisition method |
| CN111982923A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-24 | 陕西科技大学 | Paper defect detection driving power supply optimization method based on stroboscopic imaging principle |
| CN112858321A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-05-28 | 南京理工大学 | Steel plate surface defect detection system and method based on linear array CCD |
| CN113776437A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-10 | 北京科技大学 | High-precision medium plate width measuring method based on machine vision |
| CN113776437B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2022-06-07 | 北京科技大学 | High-precision medium plate width measuring method based on machine vision |
| CN113804696A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-17 | 北京科技大学 | Method for determining size and area of defect on surface of bar |
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