CN110370987B - Battery heat dissipation and cooling protection structure of electric automobile - Google Patents
Battery heat dissipation and cooling protection structure of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110370987B CN110370987B CN201910635898.2A CN201910635898A CN110370987B CN 110370987 B CN110370987 B CN 110370987B CN 201910635898 A CN201910635898 A CN 201910635898A CN 110370987 B CN110370987 B CN 110370987B
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- locking
- bottom plates
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 5
- 210000004460 N cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018507 Al—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
- B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery cooling protection structure of an electric automobile, wherein a battery box is arranged on a chassis in a clamped manner, the bottom of the battery box is sealed by two bottom plates, a battery is arranged on the two bottom plates, a locking mechanism is arranged between the two bottom plates, the battery box is connected with an air cooling heat dissipation mechanism, all the battery boxes are also connected with a negative pressure pumping mechanism which pumps negative pressure to the battery box, when the temperature in the battery box is more than T, the locking mechanism is unlocked, the two bottom plates open the battery to separate from the corresponding battery box, the battery box is timely cooled through the air cooling heat dissipation mechanism, when the battery abnormally releases inflammable and explosive gas, the inflammable and explosive gas released by the battery can be timely discharged through the negative pressure pumping mechanism, and when the temperature of the battery is continuously increased to be possibly spontaneous, the battery can be separated from the automobile through unlocking of the locking mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries of electric vehicles, in particular to a battery heat dissipation and temperature reduction protection structure of an electric vehicle.
Background
With the technological change of automobiles in recent years, new energy automobiles are generated in order to respond to the national call for energy conservation and environmental protection, and the rapid development of the new energy automobile technology is promoted. The electric automobile uses the vehicle-mounted power supply as power, has smaller influence on the environment compared with the gasoline automobile, can replace nonrenewable gasoline resources, and has wide development prospect.
However, at present, many technologies of electric vehicles are still not mature, especially batteries, and because the batteries have certain requirements on temperature during operation, if the temperature is too high, the battery performance is affected, natural and explosion problems are easily caused, serious potential safety hazards exist, and in recent years, automobile safety accidents caused by spontaneous combustion of the batteries also happen too much, so that the acceptance of people to the electric vehicles is seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a battery heat dissipation and cooling protection structure of an electric automobile.
The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a battery heat dissipation cooling protection architecture of electric automobile, includes the chassis, its key lies in: the chassis is provided with N battery box bayonets, the N battery box bayonets are distributed in an array manner, the battery boxes are arranged in the battery box bayonets in a clamping manner, the bottoms of the battery boxes are sealed by two bottom plates, and batteries are placed on the two bottom plates;
The chassis is provided with N battery box bayonets, the N battery box bayonets are distributed in an array manner, the battery boxes are arranged in the battery box bayonets in a clamping manner, the bottoms of the battery boxes are sealed by two bottom plates, batteries are placed on the two bottom plates, and a cover plate is arranged above the chassis through a supporting frame;
the battery box is connected with an air cooling and radiating mechanism, the air cooling and radiating mechanism comprises a radiating air channel arranged in the wall of the battery box and an air collecting cavity arranged in the cover plate, wherein an air inlet of the radiating air channel is communicated with the outside, an air outlet of the radiating air channel is communicated with the air collecting cavity through an air guide pipe, and the air collecting cavity is connected with an exhaust pipe;
All battery boxes are also connected with the same negative pressure pumping mechanism, the negative pressure pumping mechanism comprises a negative pressure runner and a negative pressure cavity which are arranged in the cover plate, the top surface of the battery box is tightly attached to the lower surface of the cover plate, one negative pressure runner is arranged in the cover plate corresponding to each row or each column of battery boxes, the inner cavity of the battery boxes is communicated with the corresponding negative pressure runner, the negative pressure runner is communicated with the negative pressure cavity, and a vacuum pump is connected with the negative pressure cavity and pumps air in the battery boxes.
By adopting the technical scheme, the air cooling heat dissipation mechanism timely dissipates heat of the battery box during daily driving, the heat dissipation effect is good, the influence on the normal function of the battery due to overhigh temperature of the battery box is effectively avoided, and once flammable and explosive gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen released by the battery can be timely discharged by the negative pressure pumping mechanism when the battery abnormally releases the flammable and explosive gases, so that the gases are prevented from being enriched in the battery box to cause explosion due to too high concentration, precious operable time is provided for a vehicle owner to take defending measures, and the safety coefficient of the electric vehicle is greatly improved.
As a further preferred option:
The battery box is characterized in that a vertical through hole is formed in the wall of the battery box to form the heat dissipation air channel, and an air inlet of the heat dissipation air channel faces to the lower part of the chassis. By adopting the structure, the air at the bottom of the automobile can enter the wall of the battery box through the heat dissipation air duct and is discharged through the exhaust pipe, so that the battery box can be cooled and dissipated effectively.
The exhaust pipes are respectively arranged on the A column, the B column and the C column of the automobile, and the air outlets of the exhaust pipes are positioned on the roof of the automobile. By adopting the structure, when the automobile runs at a high speed, the high-speed airflow at the bottom of the automobile is guided to be discharged by the roof, so that the air pressure at the bottom of the automobile is reduced, and meanwhile, the automobile can be pressed down to a certain extent, the purpose of reducing the air lift force is achieved, the ground grabbing force of the automobile is improved, and the automobile is enabled to be more stable under the condition of running at a high speed.
The battery box is characterized in that an extraction opening is formed in the top of the battery box, a plug matched with the extraction opening in shape is arranged in the extraction opening, an extraction groove is formed in the cover plate and corresponds to the extraction opening, a notch of the extraction groove is opposite to the extraction opening, the extraction groove is communicated with the corresponding negative pressure runner, a plug spring is arranged in the extraction groove and pushes the plug to the extraction opening, a push rod is arranged on the battery and overcomes the elasticity of the plug spring, and the plug is jacked up to enable the inner cavity of the battery box to be communicated with the negative pressure runner. After the battery is separated from the battery box after the limit condition is reached, the plug automatically falls under the action of the plug spring to block the extraction opening, so that the whole negative pressure flow passage is still in a sealed state, and the negative pressure extraction of other battery boxes is not influenced.
The battery box is provided with a butt end cover corresponding to the battery box on the cover plate, the top end of the battery box stretches into the butt end cover, and a sealing ring is arranged between the inner wall of the butt end cover and the outer wall of the battery box. By adopting the structure, the sealing performance of the joint of the battery box and the cover plate is better.
The two bottom plates are respectively hinged with the inner wall of the battery box, a locking mechanism is arranged between the two bottom plates, the locking mechanism is unlocked when the temperature in the battery box is more than T 1, the two bottom plates are opened, and the battery is separated from the corresponding battery box. With the adoption of the structure, when the temperature of the battery is continuously increased to be possibly spontaneous combustion, the locking mechanism is unlocked, the battery is automatically separated from the automobile, the automobile can stop after freewheeling for a period of time, and then the alarm and other treatments are carried out
The locking mechanism comprises locking bolts, locking springs and memory alloy strips, wherein a bolt groove is formed in one bottom plate, the memory alloy strips, the locking springs and the locking bolts which are sequentially connected are arranged in the bolt groove, locking holes are formed in the other bottom plate, the memory alloy strips are tightly abutted against the bottoms of the bolt grooves at the inner ends of the locking springs, the locking bolts are tightly abutted against the bottoms of the locking holes at the outer ends of the locking springs, so that the two bottom plates are locked, the deformation temperature of the memory alloy strips is T 1, when the temperature in a battery box is more than T 1, the memory alloy strips are restored to a spiral stable state, the locking springs drive the locking bolts to move towards the bottoms of the bolt grooves, and the locking bolts exit from the two locking holes to unlock the bottom plate. By adopting the structure, when the temperature of the battery suddenly rises to reach the abnormal temperature of the memory alloy strip, the memory alloy strip is rapidly deformed to return to the initial state, so that the locking bolt is separated from the locking hole, the bottom plate is opened, the battery is separated, the automobile can slide for a period of time continuously and then is stopped, and the possibility that the battery is burnt in the battery box is effectively avoided.
The butt joint of the upper two bottom plates is in a three-stage step shape, the two bottom plates are in a three-stage step male-female fit, wherein a first sealing strip is respectively arranged on the step surface of the first stage step, the table surface of the second stage step and the step surface of the third stage step, the step surface of the second stage step is in an inclined plane shape, and the bolt groove is positioned on the step surface of the second stage step. By adopting the structure, the butt joint of the two bottom plates is tightly sealed, so that the air leakage of the battery box can be effectively realized, and the negative pressure pumping effect is influenced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the air cooling heat dissipation mechanism can effectively dissipate heat of the battery box, so that the situation that the heat of the battery box is excessively high is effectively avoided, and once flammable and explosive gases are released from the battery abnormally, the negative pressure pumping mechanism can timely discharge the flammable and explosive gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen released from the battery, so that the gases are prevented from being enriched in the battery box to be too high in concentration to cause explosion, precious buffering time is provided for a driver to take defensive measures, when the temperature of the battery is continuously increased to be possibly spontaneous, the battery can be separated from an automobile through unlocking of the locking mechanism, the automobile can stop after a period of freewheeling, and then alarm and other treatments are carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the outline structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion a of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the chassis;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a cover plate;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention mounted on a vehicle;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a main microprocessor;
fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of a slave microprocessor.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures.
As shown in fig. 1-5, a battery cooling protection structure of an electric automobile comprises a chassis 1, N battery box bayonets are formed in the chassis 1, the N battery box bayonets are distributed in an array (can be distributed in other shapes such as a circular array), a battery box 2 is arranged in the battery box bayonets in a clamped manner, the bottoms of the battery boxes 2 are sealed by two bottom plates 8, batteries 3 are placed on the two bottom plates 8, and a cover plate 501 is arranged above the chassis 1 through a support frame;
The battery box 2 is connected with an air cooling and radiating mechanism 5, the air cooling and radiating mechanism 5 comprises a radiating air duct 504 arranged in the box wall of the battery box 2 and an air collecting cavity 502 arranged in the cover plate 501, wherein an air inlet of the radiating air duct 504 is communicated with the outside, an air outlet of the radiating air duct 504 is communicated with the air collecting cavity 502 through an air guide pipe 505, the air collecting cavity 502 is connected with an exhaust pipe 503, further, a vertical through hole is formed in the box wall of the battery box 2 to form the radiating air duct 504, the air inlet of the radiating air duct 504 faces to the lower part of the chassis 1, an exhaust pipe 503 is respectively arranged in an A column, a B column and a C column of an automobile, an air outlet of the exhaust pipe 503 is positioned on the roof of the automobile, and an exhaust fan can be arranged in the exhaust pipe 503 so as to accelerate exhaust, and the exhaust fan is powered by the battery 3.
All battery boxes 2 are still connected with same negative pressure pumping mechanism 6, and this negative pressure pumping mechanism 6 is including setting up negative pressure runner 601 and the negative pressure chamber 602 in the apron 501, the top surface of battery box 2 with the lower surface of apron 501 closely laminates, preferably, correspond on the apron 501 battery box 2 is equipped with butt joint end cover 608, the top of battery box 2 stretches into in the butt joint end cover 608, the top surface of battery box 2 with the lower surface of butt joint end cover 608 closely laminates, be equipped with sealing washer 609 between the inner wall of butt joint end cover 608 and the outer wall of battery box 2, be equipped with one in the apron 501 corresponds each row or each row battery box 2 negative pressure runner 601, negative pressure runner 601 and negative pressure chamber 602 all are located the below of gas collection chamber 502, the inner chamber of battery box 2 with the negative pressure runner 601 intercommunication that corresponds, negative pressure runner 601 with the negative pressure chamber 602 intercommunication, negative pressure chamber 602 is connected with vacuum pump 603, this vacuum pump 603 draws the air in each battery box 2.
In order to ensure that the whole negative pressure flow channel is still kept in a sealed state after any one battery falls off, the top of the battery box 2 is provided with an extraction opening 604, the extraction opening 604 is a conical opening with a big top and a small bottom, a plug 607 matched with the extraction opening 604 in shape is arranged in the extraction opening 604, a sealing gasket 611 is arranged between the plug 607 and the inner wall of the extraction opening 604, an extraction groove 605 is arranged on the cover plate 501 corresponding to the extraction opening 604, the notch of the extraction groove 605 is opposite to the extraction opening 604, the extraction groove 605 is communicated with the corresponding negative pressure flow channel 601, a plug spring 606 is arranged in the extraction groove 605, the plug spring 606 pushes the plug 607 to the extraction opening 604, a push rod 610 is arranged on the battery 3, and the push rod 610 overcomes the elasticity of the plug spring 606 and pushes up the plug 607 so that the inner cavity of the battery box 2 is communicated with the negative pressure flow channel 601.
The two bottom plates 8 are respectively hinged with the inner wall of the battery box 2, a locking mechanism 7 is arranged between the two bottom plates 8, the batteries 3 are arranged on the two bottom plates 8, when the temperature in the battery box 2 is more than T 1, the locking mechanism 7 is unlocked, the two bottom plates 8 are opened, and the batteries 3 are separated from the corresponding battery boxes 2.
The locking mechanism 7 comprises a locking bolt 701, a locking spring 703 and a memory alloy strip 704, wherein a bolt groove 702 is formed in one bottom plate 8, the memory alloy strip 704, the locking spring 703 and the locking bolt 701 which are sequentially connected are arranged in the bolt groove 702, preferably, the memory alloy strip 704 is in a T shape, the locking spring 703 is fixedly connected with a cross arm of the memory alloy strip 704, the other bottom plate 8 is internally provided with a locking hole 705, the inner end of the locking spring 703 tightly pushes a vertical arm of the memory alloy strip 704 against the bottom of the bolt groove 702, the outer end of the locking spring 703 tightly pushes the locking bolt 701 against the bottom of the locking hole 705, so that two bottom plates 8 are locked, the memory alloy strip 704 is preferably a double-way memory alloy, the transformation temperature of the memory alloy strip 704 is T 1, when the temperature in a battery box 2 is more than T 1, the memory alloy strip 704 is restored to a stable state in a spiral shape, the locking spring 703 drives the locking bolt 701 to move towards the bottom of the groove, and the locking bolt 701 is withdrawn, and the two bottom plates 705 are unlocked by the locking holes 705.
In order to strengthen sealing, the two bottom plates 8 are hinged with the inner wall of the battery box 2 through torsion springs respectively, sealing convex strips are arranged on the inner wall of the battery box 2 above the bottom plates 8, the lower surfaces of the sealing convex strips are in inclined planes, inclined plane parts matched with the inclined planes of the sealing convex strips are arranged on the upper surfaces of the bottom plates 8 corresponding to the inclined planes of the sealing convex strips, second sealing strips are adhered to the lower surfaces of the sealing convex strips, and the inclined plane parts are abutted against the second sealing strips;
The butt joint of the two bottom plates 8 is in a three-stage step shape, the two bottom plates 8 are in a three-stage step male-female fit, wherein a first sealing strip 706 is respectively arranged on the step surface of the first stage step, the table surface of the second stage step and the step surface of the third stage step, the step surface of the second stage step is in an inclined plane shape, and the bolt groove 702 is positioned on the step surface of the second stage step.
The N batteries 3 form a power supply system of the automobile in a mode of being connected in series and in parallel, when one of the batteries 3 with overtemperature falls off, the power supply system can still output current, the current can still drive the automobile to run, and the output current becomes smaller. For example, 15 cells, each 5 cells connected in series, and then connected in parallel.
As shown in fig. 7-9, the negative pressure pumping mechanism 6 is connected with a control circuit, the control circuit is provided with a main microprocessor 100, the main microprocessor 100 is connected with a gas pressure sensor 10, a temperature sensor 402 and an audible and visual alarm 101, and the gas pressure sensor 10 and the temperature sensor 402 are installed in the battery box 2;
The main microprocessor 100 controls the on-off of the negative pressure pumping mechanism 6 according to the signal of the air pressure sensor 10, the main microprocessor 100 obtains the temperature in the battery box 3 through the temperature sensor 402, and when the temperature in the battery box 3 is greater than a set temperature threshold T ', the main microprocessor 100 controls the audible and visual alarm 101 to send out an alarm signal, and the temperature threshold T' < T, wherein T is the highest temperature limit value of the battery box.
The temperature sensor 402 adopts AD590 temperature sensor, and temperature sensor 402's lower extreme and the upper surface butt of battery 3, and temperature sensor 402's upper end wears to establish in the sleeve, and the sleeve links firmly with the inner chamber top of battery box 2, is provided with the spring in the sleeve, and temperature sensor 402's upper end passes through the inner chamber top of spring coupling sleeve, and the spring is with temperature sensor 402 butt at the upper surface of battery 3. The main microprocessor 100 is also connected with a reset button 102.
The control circuit further comprises a switching triode Q and a relay J, the main microprocessor 100 is provided with a control end, the main microprocessor 100 is connected with the base electrode of the switching triode Q through the control end, the switching triode Q controls the on and off of a coil of the relay J, and a normally open switch of the relay J controls the switch of the vacuum pump 603.
When the main microprocessor 100 detects that the air pressure in the battery box is greater than or equal to 1/2 or 0.7 atmospheric pressure through the air pressure sensor 10, the main microprocessor 100 controls the switch triode Q to be conducted through the control end, the switch triode Q controls the coil of the relay J to be electrified, and the normally open switch of the relay J controls the vacuum pump 603 to be opened. Conversely, the vacuum pump 603 is controlled to be turned off, and the vacuum pump is powered by a battery.
A circle of pressure sensor 11 is arranged in the battery box 2 around the battery 3, the pressure sensor 11 is in contact with the battery 3, the pressure sensor 11 is a LH-Z10 miniature pressure sensor, and whether the battery 3 swells or not can be known through pressure change of the pressure sensor 6.
As shown in fig. 6, the cover plate 501 of the present invention can be used as the floor of the automobile, the memory alloy strip 704 can be nickel-titanium alloy, etc., in daily driving, the air cooling and heat dissipation mechanism 5 is always in an open state to dissipate heat for the battery box 2, when the air pressure sensor 10 detects that the air pressure in the battery box 2 is more than or equal to 1/2 or 0.7 atmospheric pressure (other values can be also used, as long as the vacuum degree in the battery box 2 is greater than the preset vacuum degree), the vacuum pump 603 is started to vacuumize the battery box 2, when the temperature in the battery box 2 is continuously increased to T 1, the memory alloy strip 704 returns to a spiral steady state, the locking spring 703 passively moves towards the bottom end of the latch slot, so as to drive the locking latch 701 to passively separate from the locking hole 705, the two bottom plates are turned downwards to be opened (as shown in the right-most battery box in fig. 1), the battery 3 on the locking spring is separated from the battery box 2, different types of memory alloy strips 704 can be selected according to different T, for example, when the T is set to be 100-130 ℃, the memory alloy strips 704 can be made of Ni-Ti, cu-Zn-Al, cu-Al-Ni and other alloys, when the T is set to be 180 ℃, ti-15Ni-25Pd can be selected and 10% Cu can be added to make the memory alloy strips 704, and when the T is set to be about 230 ℃, ti-49.5Ni-15Hf can be selected and 15% Nb can be added to be used as the memory alloy strips.
The battery 3 is provided with two electrode posts, the inner wall top of battery case 2 is provided with the electrode cap with two electrode post complex, and the electrode post inserts in the electrode cap and fixes battery 3, prevents that battery 3 from rocking left and right, and the electrode cap is connected with output wire.
Preferably, a nickel plating spring is fixedly arranged in the electrode cap and is abutted with the electrode column. And is not shown.
Another solution for detecting the swelling of the battery 3 is: an infrared ranging sensor is arranged in the battery box 2 around the battery 3, and the infrared ranging sensor is in contact with the battery 3; an infrared ranging sensor is connected to the main microprocessor 100.
The distance detected by the infrared ranging sensor from the outer wall of the battery is transmitted to the main microprocessor 100, and if the battery swells, the distance detected by the infrared ranging sensor is reduced. The infrared distance measuring sensor is not contacted with the battery 3, and friction with the battery 3 can not occur.
Preferably, the main microprocessor 100 is also connected with a display screen for displaying the temperature of the battery 3.
The master microprocessor 100 is connected with the air pressure sensor 10, the pressure sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 402 through the slave microprocessors; a battery box 2 is correspondingly provided with a slave microprocessor.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and that many similar changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a battery heat dissipation cooling protection architecture of electric automobile, includes chassis (1), its characterized in that: the solar cell module is characterized in that N cell box bayonets are formed in the chassis (1), the N cell box bayonets are distributed in an array mode, cell boxes (2) are arranged in the cell box bayonets in a clamped mode, the bottoms of the cell boxes (2) are sealed by two bottom plates (8), cells (3) are placed on the two bottom plates (8), and a cover plate (501) is arranged above the chassis (1) through a supporting frame;
The battery box (2) is connected with an air cooling heat dissipation mechanism (5), the air cooling heat dissipation mechanism (5) comprises a heat dissipation air duct (504) arranged in the box wall of the battery box (2) and an air collection cavity (502) arranged in the cover plate (501), wherein an air inlet of the heat dissipation air duct (504) is communicated with the outside, an air outlet of the heat dissipation air duct (504) is communicated with the air collection cavity (502) through an air guide pipe (505), and the air collection cavity (502) is connected with an exhaust pipe (503);
All the battery boxes (2) are further connected with the same negative pressure pumping mechanism (6), the negative pressure pumping mechanism (6) comprises a negative pressure runner (601) and a negative pressure cavity (602) which are arranged in the cover plate (501), the top surface of the battery box (2) is tightly attached to the lower surface of the cover plate (501), one negative pressure runner (601) is arranged in the cover plate (501) corresponding to each row or each column of the battery boxes (2), the inner cavity of the battery box (2) is communicated with the corresponding negative pressure runner (601), the negative pressure runner (601) is communicated with the negative pressure cavity (602), and the negative pressure cavity (602) is connected with a vacuum pump (603), and the vacuum pump (603) pumps air in each battery box (2);
A vertical through hole is formed in the wall of the battery box (2) to form the heat dissipation air duct (504), and an air inlet of the heat dissipation air duct (504) faces to the lower part of the chassis (1);
The exhaust pipes (503) are respectively arranged in the column A, the column B and the column C of the automobile, the air outlets of the exhaust pipes (503) are positioned on the roof of the automobile, and the exhaust pipes (503) are internally provided with exhaust fans;
The two bottom plates (8) are respectively hinged with the inner wall of the battery box (2), a locking mechanism (7) is arranged between the two bottom plates (8), when the temperature in the battery box (2) is more than T 1, the locking mechanism (7) is unlocked, the two bottom plates (8) are opened, and the battery (3) is separated from the corresponding battery box (2);
The battery box is characterized in that an extraction opening (604) is formed in the top of the battery box (2), a plug (607) matched with the extraction opening in shape is arranged in the extraction opening (604), an extraction groove (605) is formed in the cover plate (501) corresponding to the extraction opening (604), a notch of the extraction groove (605) is opposite to the extraction opening (604), the extraction groove (605) is communicated with the corresponding negative pressure flow passage (601), a plug spring (606) is arranged in the extraction groove (605), the plug spring (606) pushes the plug (607) to the extraction opening (604), a push rod (610) is arranged on the battery (3), and the push rod (610) overcomes the elasticity of the plug spring (606) to push the plug (607) up so that the inner cavity of the battery box (2) is communicated with the negative pressure flow passage (601);
The locking mechanism (7) comprises a locking bolt (701), a locking spring (703) and memory alloy strips (704), wherein a bolt groove (702) is formed in one bottom plate (8), the memory alloy strips (704), the locking spring (703) and the locking bolt (701) which are sequentially connected are arranged in the bolt groove (702), a locking hole (705) is formed in the other bottom plate (8), the memory alloy strips (704) are abutted against the bottom of the bolt groove (702) at the inner end of the locking spring (703), the locking bolt (701) is abutted against the bottom of the locking hole (705) at the outer end of the locking spring (703) so as to lock two bottom plates (8), the abnormal temperature of the memory alloy strips (704) is T 1, when the temperature in a battery box (2) is more than T 1, the locking bolt (703) drives the locking bolt (701) to move towards the bottom of the groove (702), and the locking bolt (703) is withdrawn from the bottom of the locking hole (705) to unlock the two bottom plates (8);
The butt joint surfaces of the two bottom plates (8) are three-stage step-shaped, the two bottom plates (8) are three-stage step male-female matched, wherein a first sealing strip (706) is respectively arranged on the step surface of the first stage step and the table surface, the table surface of the second stage step and the step surface of the third stage step, the step surface of the second stage step is inclined, and the bolt groove (702) is positioned on the step surface of the second stage step.
2. The battery cooling protection structure of an electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the battery box is characterized in that a butt end cover (608) is arranged on the cover plate (501) corresponding to the battery box (2), the top end of the battery box (2) stretches into the butt end cover (608), and a sealing ring (609) is arranged between the inner wall of the butt end cover (608) and the outer wall of the battery box (2).
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| CN201910635898.2A CN110370987B (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2019-07-15 | Battery heat dissipation and cooling protection structure of electric automobile |
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| CN110370988A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-25 | 重庆工商大学 | New energy car battery is for electric regulating system |
| CN112393045A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-23 | 泽清新能源科技有限公司 | Water-cooling interface and joint |
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