CN110367253B - 一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂 - Google Patents

一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂 Download PDF

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CN110367253B
CN110367253B CN201910730479.7A CN201910730479A CN110367253B CN 110367253 B CN110367253 B CN 110367253B CN 201910730479 A CN201910730479 A CN 201910730479A CN 110367253 B CN110367253 B CN 110367253B
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邱良妙
占志雄
刘其全
施龙清
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂。该诱集剂按有效成分重量比计,包括以下原料组分:α‑蒎烯:柠檬烯:十八烷:正十九烷:水杨酸甲酯:芳樟醇:反‑2‑己烯醛;β石竹烯=15~30:8~16:8~12:8~12:8~20:0.1~1:1.45~4.5:1.45~4.5本发明的一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂是基于黑肩绿盲蝽对特异性化学物质的嗅觉感受机制,对黑肩绿盲蝽具有显著的定向诱集效果,其实际应用的积极效果在于:利用黑肩绿盲蝽对稻飞虱卵的捕食控制作用对稻飞虱实施生物防治,该诱集剂具有引诱效果好,持效期长,可显著减少稻飞虱的发生,具有高效、绿色、环保等优点。

Description

一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂
技术领域
本发明属于农业害虫生物防治技术领域,具体涉及一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂。
背景技术
稻飞虱是迁飞虱农业害虫,是水稻生产的重大害虫之一,危害水稻的稻飞虱主要是褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)和灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus)。尤其是水稻褐飞虱和白背飞虱暴发危害时,往往造成水稻“踏圈”,造成稻谷减产,严重时甚至造成绝收,此外,稻飞虱还会传播水稻病毒,总之,稻飞虱在我国发生危害极为严重,常常造成重大经济损失,是我国水稻粮食安全生产的重大威胁之一。近年来,随着气候环境变化、耕作制度和水稻新品种等的变化,稻飞虱爆发频率、危害面积、田间种群数量等均呈现不断加剧的趋势,严重威胁水稻生产安全。
长期以来,稻飞虱主要依靠化学防治,大量使用化学农药导致害虫抗药性、害虫再增猖獗和环境污染等一系列问题,过度依赖化学农药也是水稻主要害虫猖獗暴发成灾的重要原因之一,因此,保护和利用天敌实施生物防治是水稻害虫绿色防控技术的基础,是保护稻田生态系统生物多样性实施害虫可持续治理的重要保证。稻飞虱的天敌种类多,有捕食性天敌和寄生性天敌,其中黑肩绿盲蝽(Cyrtorrhinus livdipennis)是稻飞虱卵期的重要捕食性天敌昆虫。每年7-9月份稻飞虱发生高峰期,黑肩绿盲蝽种群数量占整个稻田稻飞虱天敌种群个体数量达60%以上,在水稻生长中后期,稻田内的黑肩绿盲蝽种群数量平均可达百丛1500头左右。一头黑肩绿盲蝽一生能平均捕食稻飞虱的卵约200粒,同时黑肩绿盲蝽还会捕食水稻叶蝉的卵,因此,充分利用黑肩绿盲蝽控制稻飞虱等水稻害虫的发生具有重要意义。
植物挥发发性化学物质是植物—害虫—天敌信息传递的最重要的介体物质,特异性化学物质是天敌昆虫搜索寄主害虫的信号物质,由于天敌昆虫与寄主害虫具有一定的动态跟随关系,因此,天敌发生相对于寄主害虫相对滞后,应用特异性的天敌昆虫诱集剂在害虫发生初期将天敌引诱至害虫发生区域,在害虫种群密度相对较低情况下利用天敌控制害虫种群增长,可以有效降低害虫发生危害程度。
本发明一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂,选择在稻飞虱发生初期使用,实施人工助迁黑肩绿盲蝽,提高稻田黑肩绿盲蝽种群数量,提高了天敌对稻飞虱的自然控制作用,减少了稻飞虱种群的发生数量,减少了农药使用,保护了稻田生态环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂,通过应用诱集剂诱集黑肩绿盲蝽对稻飞虱实施生物防治,充分发挥了天敌对害虫的生物控制效果,减少了农药使用,具有高效、绿色、环保的优点,促进农业生态系统可持续健康发展,具有显著的经济、社会和生态效益。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂,包括以下原料组分:α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、十八烷、正十九烷、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、β石竹烯。
一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂,按有效成分重量比计,包括以下原料组分:α-蒎烯:柠檬烯:十八烷:正十九烷:水杨酸甲酯:芳樟醇:反-2-己烯醛;β石竹烯=15~30:8~16:8~12:8~12:8~20:0.1~1:1.45~4.5:1.45~4.5。
一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂的制备方法:用石油醚作溶剂,将各原料组分混合溶解成浓度为50~100微克/毫升的溶液,制备获得稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂。
进一步的,以天然橡胶作载体,将0.1毫升的诱集剂溶液注入橡胶载体从而制成诱集剂诱芯,使每个诱芯的诱集剂有效成分含量5~10微克。
上述的一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂应用于田间对黑肩绿盲蝽具的诱集,实现对稻飞虱的生物控制。
本发明的优点和积极效果:
(1)本发明所述的一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂,其用途在于有效诱集黑肩绿盲蝽。
(2)本发明所使用的化合物为天然化合物,无毒无害,对环境安全无污染。
(3)本发明的诱集剂对黑肩绿盲蝽诱集效果好,且用量少,材料来源广泛,制作简单,使用方便。
(4)利用本发明的诱集剂实现对黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集,从而通过黑肩绿盲蝽对稻飞虱的捕食作用控制稻飞虱的发生,从而减少化学农药的使用,保护生态环境。
(5)本发明具有高效、绿色、环保的优点,是实施水稻主要害虫稻飞虱绿色防控的创新性产品。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
应用自制Y形昆虫趋势性测定装置,以石油醚溶剂作对照,每次使用100头黑肩绿盲蝽成虫,分别测定α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、十八烷、正十九烷、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、β石竹烯8种挥发性化合物各组份不同浓度对黑肩绿盲蝽成虫引诱作用,24小时调查各诱集剂处理的容器内黑肩绿盲蝽数量,结果表明,8种化合物不同浓度对黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的室内引诱率达70-88%,引诱作用非常明显(表1)。
表1 不同化合物对黑肩绿盲蝽成虫的引诱效果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
实施例2
一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂的制备:用万分之一电子天平精确称取α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、十八烷、正十九烷、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、β石竹烯8种化合物,8种化合物分别按有效成分重量比为15:8:8:8:8:0.1:1.45:1.45;用石油醚作溶剂,配制成浓度为50微克/毫升的溶液。使用天然橡胶作载体,将0.1毫升的诱集剂溶液注入橡胶载体从而制成诱集剂诱芯,使每个诱芯的诱集剂有效成分含量为5微克,密封并贮藏于0-4℃环境条件。
实施例3
一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂的制备:用万分之一电子天平精确称取α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、十八烷、正十九烷、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、β石竹烯8种化合物,8种化合物按有效成分重量比为22.5:12:10:10:14:0.5:3:3;用石油醚作溶剂,配制成浓度为75微克/毫升的溶液。使用天然橡胶作载体,将0.1毫升的诱集剂溶液注入橡胶载体从而制成诱集剂诱芯,使每个诱芯的诱集剂有效成分含量为7.5微克密封并贮藏于0-4℃环境条件。
实施例4
一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂的制备:用万分之一电子天平精确称取α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、十八烷、正十九烷、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、β石竹烯8种化合物,8种化合物分别按有效成分重量比为30:16:12:12:20:1:4.5:4.5;用石油醚作溶剂,配制成浓度为100微克/毫升的溶液。使用天然橡胶作载体,将0.1毫升的诱集剂溶液注入橡胶载体从而制成诱集剂诱芯,使每个诱芯的诱集剂有效成分含量为10微克,密封并贮藏于0-4℃环境条件。
实施例5
田间诱集实验。在水稻生长中后期,将诱芯悬空挂在透明塑料瓶内,塑料瓶中部开有诱虫孔,塑料瓶底放置无色粘虫板,将塑料瓶悬挂于水稻中下部,每个诱芯设置点之间间隔距离7-10米,用石油醚作对照,每3天收集调查记录塑料瓶内的黑肩绿盲蝽数量,共调查5次,每个处理设3次重复,研究结果表明,本发明的诱集剂对黑肩绿盲蝽具有显著的田间诱集效果,持效期达15天以上(表2)。
表2 诱芯对黑肩绿盲蝽的田间引诱效果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
实施例6
田间诱集黑肩绿盲蝽对稻飞虱的控制效果实验。在水稻稻飞虱产卵高峰期,将诱芯悬空挂在透明塑料瓶内,塑料瓶的瓶身用昆虫针均匀刺8-16个透气小孔,将塑料瓶悬挂于水稻中下部,每个诱芯设置点之间间隔距离7-10米,每亩水稻田按5点取样法均匀设置5个诱集点,在稻飞虱卵孵化高峰期,按平行跳跃法取样,每个试验区调查50个样点,每个样点调查2丛水稻,调查记录田间稻飞虱若虫的虫口密度,间隔7天调查1次,共调查2次,与不设置诱集剂的试验田作为空白对照,研究一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂对稻飞虱的田间生物控制作用,研究结果表明,设置诱集剂的试验区稻飞虱虫口数量显著少于空白对照区,田间应用本发明的诱集剂对稻飞虱具有明显的生物控制效果(表3)。
表3 田间诱集黑肩绿盲蝽对稻飞虱的控制效果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂,其特征在于:所述诱集剂,包含以下组分:α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、十八烷、正十九烷、水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、β石竹烯;
按有效成分重量比计,包括以下原料组分:α-蒎烯:柠檬烯:十八烷:正十九烷:水杨酸甲酯:芳樟醇:反-2-己烯醛;β石竹烯= 15~30:8~16:8~12:8~12:8~20:0.1~1:1.45~4.5:1.45~4.5。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂的制备方法,其特征在于:用石油醚作溶剂,将各原料组分混合溶解成浓度为50~100微克/毫升的溶液,制备获得稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂的制备方法,其特征在于:以天然橡胶为载体,将0.1毫升制备获得的稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂注入橡胶载体从而制成诱集剂诱芯,使每个诱芯的诱集剂有效成分含量5~10微克。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种稻飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的诱集剂应用于田间对黑肩绿盲蝽具的诱集,实现对稻飞虱的生物控制。
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