CN110362147B - Power reserve control method and system based on photovoltaic system - Google Patents

Power reserve control method and system based on photovoltaic system Download PDF

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CN110362147B
CN110362147B CN201910634841.0A CN201910634841A CN110362147B CN 110362147 B CN110362147 B CN 110362147B CN 201910634841 A CN201910634841 A CN 201910634841A CN 110362147 B CN110362147 B CN 110362147B
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朱殷晓
文辉清
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Xian Jiaotong Liverpool University
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Abstract

The application relates to a power reserve control method and system based on a photovoltaic system, belonging to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current output voltage and current output current of the photovoltaic module; performing maximum power point tracking when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a maximum power point tracking mode so as to enable the photovoltaic module to work at a maximum power point; when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a power storage control mode, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in a constant current region; when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power; the problem that the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic system cannot be determined by the conventional power reserve control method can be solved; a manner of determining subsequent disturbance direction and duty cycle of a photovoltaic system is provided.

Description

Power reserve control method and system based on photovoltaic system
Technical Field
The application relates to a power reserve control method and system based on a photovoltaic system, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation.
Background
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are a new type of power generation system that converts solar energy into electrical energy using the Photovoltaic effect of solar cell semiconductor materials. Since the photovoltaic power plant does not have rotating parts, inertial response cannot be provided in the PV system at the primary power perturbation devices, and therefore, system inertia and frequency regulation capability may be reduced. Based on this, an algorithm for grid frequency modulation and Power smooth output by using the photovoltaic system itself is proposed, namely a Power Reserve Control (PRC) algorithm.
The invention patent publication CN109491445A, new photovoltaic reserve power control method, discloses a photovoltaic reserve power control method capable of accurately predicting the maximum photovoltaic output power in real time and quickly adjusting the photovoltaic reserve power. The method comprises the following steps: sampling voltage and current of a photovoltaic system to obtain voltage and current values V (k), I (k); sending a regulating signal to control the working mode of the photovoltaic system according to the running state of the power grid, wherein the working mode comprises a maximumA power point tracking mode and a reserve power control mode; in the reserve power control mode, the current photovoltaic output power P is enabledpvP adjusted to below MPPlimitThe value of the short-circuit current Isc is calculated: isc ═ i (k) -m V (k); m ═ Δ I/Δ V ═ (I (k) -I (k-1))/(V (k) -V (k-1)); obtaining the maximum power point current ImppThe value of (c): i ismpp＝KIscIsc，KIscRepresenting the ratio of the maximum power point current to the short circuit current; obtaining the maximum power point voltage V according to the photovoltaic output characteristicmpp(ii) a Find Pmpp，Pmpp＝VmppImpp(ii) a And adjusting the working point according to the photovoltaic reserve power delta P.
Although the above method provides a way to predict P in the event of a change in the operating environmentmppAnd the method controls the photovoltaic reserve power according to the change of the power grid frequency, but the method cannot select and judge the next disturbance direction and step length.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a power reserve control method and system based on a photovoltaic system, which can solve the problem that the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic system cannot be determined by the conventional power reserve control method. The application provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for controlling power reserve based on a photovoltaic system is provided, the method comprising:
acquiring the current output voltage and current output current of the photovoltaic module;
performing maximum power point tracking when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a maximum power point tracking mode so as to enable the photovoltaic module to work at a maximum power point;
when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a power storage control mode, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in a constant current region;
and when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power.
Optionally, the adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power includes:
when the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is greater than a preset threshold, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0003007254950000021
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dmaxIs a first preset duty cycle; Δ d-maxNegation values of the first preset duty ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitFor reduced output power, PthIs a preset threshold.
Optionally, the adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power includes:
when the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is less than or equal to a preset threshold, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0003007254950000022
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dminIs a second preset duty cycle; Δ d-minThe negation value of the second preset duty ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitTo reduce the output work.
Optionally, after controlling the photovoltaic module to operate in the constant current region, the method further includes:
determining whether the photovoltaic module works in a constant current region or not according to the following formula;
when the photovoltaic module works in a constant current region, triggering and executing the step of adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value;
Figure GDA0003007254950000031
wherein m isthIs a preset slope threshold; m isnIs the current slope; i isnIs the current output current; i isn-1The last output current collected for the last collection period; vnIs the current output voltage; vn-1The last output voltage acquired in the last acquisition cycle.
Optionally, when the photovoltaic module is not operated in the constant current region, the method further includes:
and controlling the photovoltaic module to work near the maximum power point, wherein the duty ratio near the maximum power point is determined according to the input voltage and the output voltage of the power converter.
Optionally, the reduced output power is a difference between a maximum power point output power and the preset value.
In a second aspect, there is provided a photovoltaic system based power reserve control system, the system comprising:
a photovoltaic module that converts solar energy into electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect, the photovoltaic module being connected to a load through a power converter;
the power converter is used for realizing energy transmission between the photovoltaic module and the load;
the voltage acquisition assembly and the current acquisition assembly are arranged at the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the voltage acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the current output voltage of the photovoltaic module; the current acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the current output current of the photovoltaic module;
and the controller is respectively connected with the voltage acquisition assembly, the current acquisition assembly and the power converter and is used for executing the power reserve control method based on the photovoltaic system provided by the first aspect.
The beneficial effect of this application lies in: obtaining the current output voltage and current output current of the photovoltaic module; performing maximum power point tracking when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a maximum power point tracking mode so as to enable the photovoltaic module to work at the maximum power point; when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a power storage control mode, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in a constant current region; when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power; the problem that the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic system cannot be determined by the conventional power reserve control method can be solved; a manner of determining subsequent disturbance direction and duty cycle of a photovoltaic system is provided.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clear and clear, and to implement the technical solutions according to the content of the description, the following detailed description is made with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a photovoltaic system based power reserve control system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic system based power reserve control method provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a photovoltaic characteristic provided by one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic system based power reserve control method provided by another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a photovoltaic characteristic during power reserve control as provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic characteristic curve in a power reserve control process according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present application will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present application but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power reserve control system based on a photovoltaic system according to an embodiment of the present application, where the system at least includes, as shown in fig. 1: photovoltaic module 110, power converter 120, voltage harvesting component 130, current harvesting component 140, controller 150, and load 160.
Photovoltaic module 110 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect. Alternatively, the photovoltaic module 110 is composed of a plurality of silicon solar cells. The photovoltaic module 110 is connected to a load 160 through a power converter 120.
The power converter 120 is used to enable energy transfer between the photovoltaic module and the load. The power converter 120 outputs current to the load 160.
The voltage collecting component 130 and the current collecting component 140 are disposed at the output end of the photovoltaic module 110. The voltage collecting assembly 130 is used for collecting the current output voltage of the photovoltaic module. The voltage collecting component 130 may be a voltage sensor, a voltmeter, or other devices for collecting voltage, and the present embodiment does not limit the type of the voltage collecting component 130. The current collection assembly 140 is used to collect the current output current of the photovoltaic module. The current collecting assembly 140 may be a current sensor, an ammeter, or other devices for collecting current, and the type of the current collecting assembly 140 is not limited in this embodiment.
A controller 150 coupled to the voltage acquisition assembly 130, the current acquisition assembly 140, and the power converter 120, respectively. The controller 150 is configured to obtain a current output voltage and a current output current of the photovoltaic module 110; performing maximum power point tracking when the operating mode of the photovoltaic system is a maximum power point tracking mode, so that the photovoltaic module 110 operates at the maximum power point; when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a power storage control mode, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in a constant current region; and when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module 110 according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power.
Optionally, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module 110 according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power includes:
when the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is greater than the preset threshold, the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module 110 are adjusted by the following formula:
Figure GDA0003007254950000061
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dmaxIs a first preset duty cycle; Δ d-maxNegation values of the first preset duty ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitFor reduced output power, PthIs a preset threshold.
When the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module 110 are adjusted by the following formula:
Figure GDA0003007254950000062
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dminIs a second preset duty cycle; Δ d-minThe negation value of the second preset duty ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitTo reduce the output work.
Optionally, after controlling the photovoltaic module 110 to operate in the constant current region, the method further includes: determining whether the photovoltaic module 110 operates in the constant current region by the following formula; when the photovoltaic module 110 works in the constant current region, triggering and executing the step of adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value;
Figure GDA0003007254950000063
wherein m isthIs a preset slope threshold; m isnIs the current slope; i isnIs the current output current; i isn-1For the last acquisition cycleThe last output current; vnIs the current output voltage; vn-1The last output voltage acquired in the last acquisition cycle.
When the photovoltaic module 110 is not operating in the constant current region, the controller 150 controls the photovoltaic module 110 to operate near the maximum power point, and the duty ratio near the maximum power point is determined according to the input voltage and the output voltage of the power converter.
Wherein, the output power after the reduction is the difference between the maximum power point output power and the preset value. That is, Plimit＝Pmpp- Δ p. Wherein, PlimitFor the output power after the clipping, Δ p is a preset value.
In summary, in the power reserve control system based on the photovoltaic system provided in this embodiment, the current output voltage and the current output current of the photovoltaic module are obtained through the controller; performing maximum power point tracking when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a maximum power point tracking mode so as to enable the photovoltaic module to work at the maximum power point; when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a power storage control mode, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in a constant current region; when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power; the problem that the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic system cannot be determined by the conventional power reserve control method can be solved; a manner of determining subsequent disturbance direction and duty cycle of a photovoltaic system is provided.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a power reserve control method based on a photovoltaic system according to an embodiment of the present application, where the present application is applied to the power reserve control system based on the photovoltaic system shown in fig. 1, and a main body of execution of each step is illustrated as an example of the controller 150 in the system. The method at least comprises the following steps:
step 201, obtaining the current output voltage and current output current of the photovoltaic module.
Step 202, performing maximum power point tracking when the operating mode of the photovoltaic system is the maximum power point tracking mode, so that the photovoltaic module operates at the maximum power point.
And step 203, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in the constant current region when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is the power storage control mode.
Referring to the photovoltaic characteristic shown in fig. 3, after the power reserve control mode is activated, the photovoltaic module moves from the maximum power point to the constant current region.
And 204, when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power.
Optionally, when the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is greater than a preset threshold, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module by the following formula:
Figure GDA0003007254950000071
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dmaxIs a first preset duty cycle; Δ d-maxNegation values of the first preset duty ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitFor reduced output power, PthIs a preset threshold.
When the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is less than or equal to a preset threshold, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0003007254950000081
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dminIs a second preset duty cycle; Δ d-minThe negation value of the second preset duty ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitTo reduce the output work.
Optionally, after controlling the photovoltaic module to operate in the constant current region, the method further includes:
determining whether the photovoltaic module works in a constant current region or not according to the following formula;
when the photovoltaic module works in a constant current region, triggering and executing the step of adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value;
Figure GDA0003007254950000082
wherein m isthIs a preset slope threshold; m isnIs the current slope; i isnIs the current output current; i isn-1The last output current collected for the last collection period; vnIs the current output voltage; vn-1The last output voltage acquired in the last acquisition cycle.
When the photovoltaic module does not work in the constant current region, the photovoltaic module is controlled to work near the maximum power point, and the duty ratio near the maximum power point is determined according to the input voltage and the output voltage of the power converter.
Wherein, the output power after the reduction is the difference between the maximum power point output power and the preset value.
For a clearer understanding of the photovoltaic system-based power reserve control method provided by the present application, reference is made to a flow chart of another photovoltaic system-based power reserve control method provided by fig. 4, which includes at least the following steps:
step 41, obtaining the current output voltage VnAnd the present output current In；
Step 42, acquiring a working mode and a preset value delta p;
the operating modes include a maximum power point tracking mode and a power reserve control mode. Schematically, the working mode is represented by Flag, and when the value of Flag is 0, the working mode is the maximum power point tracking mode; when the Flag value is 1, the operation mode is the power reserve control mode.
Step 43, determining whether the working mode is the maximum power point tracking mode or the power reserve control mode; when the operation mode is the maximum power point tracking mode, executing step 44; when the operation mode is the power reserve control mode, executing step 45;
step 44, performing maximum power point tracking to make the output power of the photovoltaic module be the maximum output power, and executing step 41 again;
at this time, Pmpp＝Vn×In。
Step 45, calculate mn＝(In-In-1)/(Vn-Vn-1) The result of (1); at mnGreater than mthAnd less than 0, go to step 46; at m n0 or more or mnM is less than or equal tothIf so, go to step 410;
step 46, calculate Pmpp＝Vmpp×Impp；Plimit＝Pmpp-the result of Δ p;
step 47, compare | Pn-PlimitI and PthThe size of (a); at | Pn-Plimit| is greater than PthThen, step 48 is executed; at | Pn-PlimitI is less than or equal to PthIf so, go to step 49;
step 48, calculating the duty ratio of the next moment according to the following formula, and executing step 41;
Figure GDA0003007254950000091
step 49, calculating the duty ratio of the next moment according to the following formula, and executing step 41;
Figure GDA0003007254950000092
step 410, controlling the photovoltaic module to operate near the maximum power point, dnew＝f(Vmpp，Vdc) Step 41 is executed.
Wherein d isnewIs the duty cycle of the next moment, VmppA voltage value that is the maximum power point (input voltage value of the power converter); vdcIs the output voltage of the power converterThe value is obtained.
Wherein, f (V)mpp，Vdc) Is duty ratio with VmppAnd VdcA transformed function, which may be a function obtained by fitting a photovoltaic characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module.
Based on the above method, reference is made to the photovoltaic characteristics shown in fig. 5 and 6. Wherein, FIG. 5 shows the photovoltaic output power P under the condition of constant photovoltaic reserve power and varying illuminationpvVoltage V ofpvPhotovoltaic reserve power Δ P, and current IpvThe curve of (d); FIG. 6 shows the photovoltaic output power P under the condition of constant illumination and variable reserve powerpvVoltage V ofpvPhotovoltaic reserve power Δ P, Current IpvCurve (c) of (d).
In summary, in the power reserve control method based on the photovoltaic system provided in this embodiment, the current output voltage and the current output current of the photovoltaic module are obtained; performing maximum power point tracking when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a maximum power point tracking mode so as to enable the photovoltaic module to work at the maximum power point; when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a power storage control mode, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in a constant current region; when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power; the problem that the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic system cannot be determined by the conventional power reserve control method can be solved; a manner of determining subsequent disturbance direction and duty cycle of a photovoltaic system is provided.
Optionally, the present application further provides a computer product, which includes a computer-readable storage medium, in which a program is stored, and the program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the photovoltaic system-based power reserve control method of the above method embodiment.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for photovoltaic system based power reserve control, the method comprising:
acquiring the current output voltage and current output current of the photovoltaic module;
performing maximum power point tracking when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a maximum power point tracking mode so as to enable the photovoltaic module to work at a maximum power point;
when the working mode of the photovoltaic system is a power storage control mode, controlling the photovoltaic module to work in a constant current region;
when the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power;
the adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power comprises:
when the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is greater than a preset threshold, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003007254940000011
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dmaxIs a first preset duty cycle; Δ d-maxA first preset dutyThe negation of the ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitFor reduced output power, PthIs a preset threshold value;
when the absolute value of the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is less than or equal to a preset threshold, adjusting the subsequent disturbance direction and duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003007254940000012
wherein Δ d is the duty cycle at the next moment; Δ dminIs a second preset duty cycle; Δ d-minThe negation value of the second preset duty ratio; ppvIs the current output power; plimitTo the reduced output power;
after the photovoltaic module is controlled to work in the constant current region, the method further comprises the following steps:
determining whether the photovoltaic module works in a constant current region or not according to the following formula;
at the current slope mnGreater than a preset slope threshold mthWhen the photovoltaic module works in the constant current region and the photovoltaic reserve power reaches a preset value, the subsequent step of regulating the disturbance direction and the duty ratio of the photovoltaic module according to the difference between the current output power and the reduced output power is triggered and executed;
at the current slope mnLess than or equal to the preset slope threshold value mthOr the current slope mnWhen d is greater than or equal to 0, controllingnew＝f(Vmpp，Vdc)；dnewIs the duty cycle of the next moment, VmppA voltage value that is a maximum power point; vdcIs the output voltage value of the power converter; f (V)mpp，Vdc) Is duty ratio with VmppAnd VdcA function of the transform;
Figure FDA0003007254940000021
wherein m isthIs a preset slope threshold; m isnIs the current slope; i isnIs the current output current; i isn-1The last output current collected for the last collection period; vnIs the current output voltage; vn-1The last output voltage acquired in the last acquisition cycle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the photovoltaic module is not operating in a constant current region, the method further comprises:
and controlling the photovoltaic module to work near the maximum power point, wherein the duty ratio near the maximum power point is determined according to the input voltage and the output voltage of the power converter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the clipped output power is a difference between a maximum power point output power and the preset value.
4. A photovoltaic system based power reserve control system, the system comprising:
a photovoltaic module that converts solar energy into electrical energy based on the photovoltaic effect, the photovoltaic module being connected to a load through a power converter;
the power converter is used for realizing energy transmission between the photovoltaic module and the load;
the voltage acquisition assembly and the current acquisition assembly are arranged at the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the voltage acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the current output voltage of the photovoltaic module; the current acquisition assembly is used for acquiring the current output current of the photovoltaic module;
a controller respectively connected to the voltage acquisition assembly, the current acquisition assembly and the power converter, the controller being configured to perform the method of controlling a power reserve based on a photovoltaic system of any of claims 1 to 3.
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