CN110360589B - Semi-coke low NO realization through chemical chain air separationxBlending combustion power station system and method - Google Patents
Semi-coke low NO realization through chemical chain air separationxBlending combustion power station system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110360589B CN110360589B CN201910562387.2A CN201910562387A CN110360589B CN 110360589 B CN110360589 B CN 110360589B CN 201910562387 A CN201910562387 A CN 201910562387A CN 110360589 B CN110360589 B CN 110360589B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound O.OS(O)(=O)=O FWFGVMYFCODZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 semicoke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035874 Excoriation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100001143 noxa Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0233—Chemical processing only
- C01B13/0237—Chemical processing only by oxidation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
- F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
- F23C5/24—Disposition of burners to obtain a loop flame
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K3/10—Under-feed arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/14—Details thereof
- F23K5/20—Preheating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/06—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air into the fire bed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separationxA mixed combustion power station system and method mainly comprises an oxygen-increasing high-temperature reductive combustion system, a chemical-looping air separation system and a semicoke preheating system, and can realize that semicoke low-volatile fuel has a large proportion to coal and low NO in a power station boilerxAnd high-efficiency mixed combustion, thereby remarkably improving the economic and environmental benefits of the power plant. The optimized metal oxygen carrier is selected, pure oxygen prepared by utilizing the chemical chain air separation principle is fed into a hearth through secondary air or a wall type air nozzle in a main combustion zone, the excess oxygen coefficient of the main combustion zone is ensured to be lower than 0.8, and a reductive high-temperature oxygenation zone is created. High-temperature oxygen-deficient air is obtained by a chemical-looping air separation device to preheat semicoke fuel, the charging temperature is increased, and the problem of difficult combustion is solved; the over-fire air adopts high-oxygen-concentration air or pure oxygen to improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel. The oxygen generated by the reduction reactor is carried by the extracted steam of the steam turbine and is condensed and separated by the low-pressure heater of the power plant, so that the energy consumption of the air separation system is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thermal power generation, and particularly relates to a method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separationxA blending combustion power station system and method.
Background
Clean and efficient utilization of coal remains one of the focuses of energy field concerns for decades. Coal quality-based gradient utilization including coal liquefaction, gasification, pyrolysis and the like as one of key technologiesRelated coal chemical industry is rapidly developed in China and widely distributed. The semicoke is a solid product of low-temperature pyrolysis in low-rank coal, and the large-scale and clean utilization of the semicoke is one of the keys of the graded utilization of coal. With the development of the low-rank coal graded conversion industry in China, the industries such as coal gasification and coke making will generate hundreds of millions of tons of semi-coke and carbon residue every year. One effective method is to use low volatile fuels such as semicoke as a power fuel for combustion. But the semicoke has the problems of poor ignition and burnout performance and high emission of nitrogen oxides in the combustion process because of extremely low volatile content. The bituminous coal and the semicoke are mixed and burnt in the power station boiler, so that the combustion performance of the semicoke fuel is effectively improved, and NO is reducedxAn emission and optimized semicoke and bituminous coal mixed combustion system is to be developed. Along with the development of China, in order to deal with the increasingly severe environmental protection pressure, the emission standard of the atmospheric pollutants of the thermal power plant is increasingly severe. Pure bituminous coal with NO in the combustion processxThe emissions were still high. Meanwhile, considering the economic benefits of the power plant, the dependence on SCR and other high-cost denitration devices needs to be reduced, and novel low NO needs to be developedxCombustion technology with controlled reduction of NO at the source of combustionxAnd (4) generating.
The chemical-looping air separation technology is provided based on the chemical-looping combustion technology, and is a new oxygen production process. Even if the heat loss in the system operation process is considered, the energy consumption for oxygen production is only 0.08kWh/m3The energy consumption of oxygen production by the traditional cryogenic method is 0.3kWh/m3) 26 percent of the total oxygen content, simple system, less cost investment, quick start and quick stop, and can be suitable for oxygen production occasions of different scales.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power station system and a method for realizing semicoke low NOx mixed combustion through chemical-looping air separation, which can realize large-proportion mixed combustion of semicoke in a power station boiler, obtain high-temperature oxygen-poor air and high-purity oxygen through a chemical-looping air separation technology, preheat semicoke fuel by using the high-temperature oxygen-poor air, inject the high-purity oxygen into a main combustion zone, create an oxygen-increasing high-temperature strong reducing atmosphere under the condition of controlling the excess oxygen coefficient of the main combustion zone to be lower than 0.8, and simultaneously decomposeNO produced during combustion of semi-coke fuelxHigh emission, poor ignition, stable combustion and burnout performance and the like, realizes large-scale efficient clean combustion of semicoke low-volatile fuel, and improves the economic benefit of a power plant.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
semi-coke low NO realization through chemical chain air separationxA mixed-burning power station system comprises a boiler body, an economizer, an air preheater, a chemical chain oxidation reactor, an oxidation state oxygen carrier, a chemical chain reduction reactor, a reduction state oxygen carrier, a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine, a low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, a generator, a condenser, a low-pressure heater, an oxygen separator, a deaerator, a high-pressure heater, a semicoke powder feeding system, a cyclone preheating separator, a bituminous coal powder feeding system, a bituminous coal burner, a main combustion area secondary air or wall type air nozzle, a preheating semicoke burner, a preheating product burner, an over-fire air nozzle, and a main combustion area, a preheating product burning and NO burning arranged in a hearth from bottom to top, wherein the main combustion area is provided with a plurality of air nozzlesxA reduction zone and a burnout zone; wherein,
the economizer and the air preheater are arranged in a tail flue of the boiler body; when the device works, part of hot air heated by the air preheater is introduced into the chemical chain oxidation reactor to oxidize the reduction-state oxygen carrier into the oxidation-state oxygen carrier, and high-temperature oxygen-poor air is generated; the oxidation state oxygen carrier is sent into a chemical chain reduction reactor to release high-concentration oxygen in a steam environment, the oxygen is converted into a reduction state oxygen carrier to be recycled, and superheated steam sent into the chemical chain reduction reactor is generated by extracting steam through a low-pressure cylinder in a steam turbine; superheated steam containing high-concentration oxygen generated by the chemical chain reduction reactor is sent to a low-pressure heater, the steam is condensed after heat exchange with condensed water, the high-concentration oxygen and the condensed water are separated by an oxygen separator, and the condensed water enters a steam-water circulating system through a pipeline before being sent to the low-pressure heater; the pure oxygen obtained by separation is introduced into an air preheater for heating and then is sprayed into a hearth through a main combustion zone secondary air or wall type air nozzle and an over-fire air nozzle; the other part of air heated by the air preheater is used as primary air and secondary air, wherein part of the primary air carries bituminous coal powder through the bituminous coal powder feeding system and is fed into the bituminous coal burnerThe furnace chamber burns, part of the primary air carries the preheated semicoke powder separated by the cyclone preheating separator to be sent into the main burning zone of the furnace chamber through the preheated semicoke burner, and the secondary air is sprayed into the furnace chamber through the secondary air or the wall type air nozzle of the main burning zone; part of high-temperature oxygen-poor air obtained by the chemical chain oxidation reactor carries the semicoke powder prepared by the semicoke powder feeding system to enter a cyclone preheating separator for reaction to obtain preheated semicoke and preheated gas, wherein the preheated gas carrying part of superfine semicoke powder is sent into a hearth NO through a preheated product combustorxThe reduction zone is combusted and utilized; steam generated by the boiler sequentially passes through the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the low-pressure cylinder and the medium-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine do work to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the steam after the work is sequentially passed through the condenser, the low-pressure heater, the deaerator, the high-pressure heater and the economizer and then is sent into the hearth to be heated to generate high-temperature steam, so that the high-temperature steam can be recycled.
The invention is further improved in that the main combustion area is provided with a secondary air or wall type air nozzle of the main combustion area for increasing oxygen or pure oxygen.
The invention is further improved in that the hot air of the oxidation reactor is introduced by an air preheater arranged at the tail part of the hearth, and the oxygen carrier is selected from a metal oxide oxygen carrier or a sulfate oxygen carrier.
The invention is further improved in that the superheated steam of the reduction reactor is provided by a steam turbine extraction, which makes it possible to select the corresponding steam turbine last stage extraction according to the specific parameters of the different power plants.
The invention has the further improvement that the oxygen-carrying steam at the outlet of the reduction reactor is condensed by a low-pressure heater and then separated by an oxygen separator to obtain pure oxygen and condensed water, and the separated drain water and the upper-level condensed water are mixed and enter a steam-water system for circulation.
The further improvement of the invention is that the oxygen-deficient air at the outlet of the oxidation reactor is introduced into a cyclone preheating separator to preheat the semicoke, and the cyclone preheating separator is provided with a water cooling system.
The power station system is further improved by aiming at a semi-coke and bituminous coal mixed combustion system or a pure low-volatile fuel, comprising semi-coke, anthracite and lean coal.
Semi-coke low NO realization through chemical chain air separationxThe method for realizing semicoke low NO by chemical chain air separation is based on the methodxA blended burning power plant system comprising:
1) the bituminous coal and the semicoke are pulverized by a separate grinding method to obtain bituminous coal powder with required fineness, and the bituminous coal powder is sprayed into a hearth from the lower part of the hearth to be ignited and combusted, so that the ignition and ignition effects are achieved; grinding by a semicoke fuel coal mill to obtain semicoke powder with required fineness, carrying high-temperature oxygen-deficient air at the outlet of an oxidation reactor into a cyclone preheating separator to form preheated semicoke and preheated products, spraying the preheated semicoke and the preheated products into a main combustion area of a hearth in a grading manner, burning the preheated products and NOxA reduction zone;
2) part of the high-temperature oxygen-poor air obtained from the oxidation reactor is used for preheating the semicoke and is mixed with air or hot secondary air to adjust the oxygen content and the temperature, the high-temperature oxygen-poor air and the semicoke fuel are violently mixed and react in a cyclone preheating separator, and the preheated product with strong reducibility obtained by separation is sprayed into a hearth NOxThe preheated semicoke is sent into a main combustion area of a hearth to be combusted; the other part is sprayed into a corresponding flue of a hearth according to the operation regulation of the power plant and is subjected to heat recycling through a convection heat exchanger;
3) introducing part of hot air heated by the air preheater into an oxidation reactor in the chemical-looping air separation system to react with the reduced-state oxygen carrier, releasing a large amount of heat, and forming the oxidized-state oxygen carrier to be sent into the reduction reactor; extracting superheated steam from the last stage of a steam turbine, sending the superheated steam into a reduction reactor, in an environment with the partial pressure of oxygen being almost zero, releasing oxygen contained in an oxidation state oxygen carrier by the oxidation state oxygen carrier to be converted into a reduction state oxygen carrier, taking the released oxygen away by the superheated steam, condensing the oxygen by a low-pressure heater, and separating the oxygen by an oxygen separator to obtain high-purity oxygen; the obtained high-purity oxygen is heated by an air preheater and then is sent into a main combustion area of a hearth to create an oxygen-increasing environment;
4) mixing drain water obtained by condensation separation with upper-level condensed water, and taking the mixture as boiler feed water to enter a hearth steam-water system for circulation by using a low-pressure heater, a deaerator, a high-pressure heater and an economizer in sequence;
5) high-purity oxygen obtained by chemical chain air separation can be selectively mixed with secondary air or independently fed into a hearth through secondary air or a wall type air nozzle in a main combustion zone, the fuel is violently combusted in a high-oxygen concentration environment, a high-temperature environment is created, meanwhile, the excessive oxygen coefficient of the main combustion zone is controlled to be lower than 0.8, an oxygen-enriched high-temperature reducing atmosphere is created, and NO in the initial combustion stage is reducedxGenerating;
6) according to the actual operation condition, selecting the secondary air and pure oxygen mixed air or pure oxygen as over-fire air, sending the over-fire air into the hearth through an over-fire air nozzle arranged at the upper part of the hearth, improving the position of the over-fire air nozzle, and prolonging NOxThe reduction length ensures that the unburnt fuel is violently combusted under the condition of high oxygen concentration, and the fuel combustion efficiency is obviously improved;
7) the combustion zone of the main combustion zone is provided with a mode of injecting semicoke and bituminous coal at intervals, and the combustion characteristic of the fuel is further improved through the ignition effect of the combustible bituminous coal.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) the power station system improves the oxygen concentration of the main combustion area by mixing high-purity oxygen into secondary air or independently spraying the high-purity oxygen, controls the excessive oxygen coefficient of the main combustion area to be lower than 0.8, creates an oxygen-increasing high-temperature strong reducing atmosphere of the main combustion area, and solves the problem of NO generated in the burning process of semicoke fuelxHigh emission, poor ignition, stable combustion and burnout performance and the like, and realizes large-scale efficient clean combustion of semicoke low-volatile fuel.
2) The present combustion system and method may significantly reduce NO during initial combustionxAnd the dependence of a power plant on denitration devices such as SCR is reduced or omitted, and the investment and operation economy of the power plant are greatly improved.
3) The high-purity oxygen in the combustion process of the system is prepared by the chemical-looping air separation device, compared with a cryogenic method, the system has the advantages that the oxygen production energy consumption is greatly reduced, the occupied area is reduced, the temperature of the oxygen for combustion is higher than that of the cryogenic method, the heat required by heating the oxygen is reduced, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
4) The system fully utilizes the high-temperature oxygen-poor air obtained by the chemical-looping air separation device,the low-volatile semicoke fuel is preheated, so that the combustion characteristic of the semicoke fuel is obviously improved, and the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved. Meanwhile, reductive preheating products generated in the preheating process are introduced into the hearth NOxThe reduction zone realizes the high-efficiency utilization of fuel and further reduces NO in the initial combustion processxAnd (4) generating. According to the actual operation condition, the excessive high-temperature oxygen-deficient air can be introduced into the hearth flue to be mixed with the flue gas, so that the heat of the high-temperature oxygen-deficient air is fully utilized, and the economic benefit is improved. Meanwhile, the temperature and the oxygen content can be adjusted through the proportion of the hot air and the high-temperature oxygen-poor air, so that the preheated gas component produced by the cyclone preheating separator is changed, and the purpose of matching with the coal type and the actual operation condition is achieved.
5) The system sprays high-oxygen-concentration over-fire air or pure oxygen into the over-fire area, can obviously improve the combustion characteristic of mixed fuel, improves the over-fire rate of low-volatile-component semicoke fuel, and slightly increases NOxOn the basis of generation, the carbon content of the fly ash can be effectively reduced and the boiler efficiency can be improved.
6) The system and the method are simple and effective, the treatment is simplified and used for the reconstruction of an active power plant, and the purpose can be achieved only by adding a chemical chain air separation and cyclone preheating separator into the original system.
7) The semi-coke and bituminous coal are ground in a powder grinding mode, different fineness treatments of the two fuels can be achieved, and special anti-abrasion treatment can be effectively carried out on a semi-coke conveying pipeline and a combustor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a combustion arrangement of a furnace according to the present invention, wherein fig. 2(a) shows a corner tangential firing, and fig. 2(b) shows a front-rear wall opposed firing.
FIG. 3 is a top view of another hearth combustion arrangement of the present invention, with FIG. 3(a) for corner tangential firing and FIG. 3(b) for front and rear wall opposed firing.
Description of reference numerals:
the boiler comprises a boiler body 1, a coal economizer 2, an air preheater 3, a chemical chain oxidation reactor 4, an oxidation state oxygen carrier 5, a chemical chain reduction reactor 6, a reduction state oxygen carrier 7, a high-pressure steam turbine cylinder 8, a low-pressure steam turbine cylinder 9, a generator 10, a condenser 11, a low-pressure heater 12, an oxygen separator 13, a deaerator 14, a high-pressure heater 15, a semicoke powder feeding system 16, a cyclone preheating separator 17, a bituminous coal powder feeding system 18, a bituminous coal burner 19, a main combustion zone secondary air or wall type air nozzles 20, a preheating semicoke burner 21, a preheating product burner 22 and an over-fire air nozzle 23.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing large-proportion blending burning of semicoke in a power station boiler, obtaining high-temperature oxygen-poor air and high-purity oxygen by a chemical-looping air separation technology, preheating semicoke fuel by using the high-temperature oxygen-poor air, spraying the high-purity oxygen into a main combustion area, creating an oxygen-increasing high-temperature strong reducing atmosphere under the condition of controlling the excessive oxygen coefficient of the main combustion area to be lower than 0.8, and solving the problem of NO generated in the burning process of semicoke fuelxHigh emission, poor ignition, stable combustion and burnout performance and the like, and realizes large-scale efficient clean combustion of semicoke low-volatile fuel.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separationxThe mixed burning power station system comprises a boiler body 1, a main burning area, a preheating product burning area and NO arranged in a hearth of the boiler body from bottom to topxA reducing area and a burnout area, and a coal economizer 2, an air preheater 3, a chemical chain oxidation reactor 4, an oxidation state oxygen carrier 5 and a chemical chain reduction reactor are also arranged in a tail flue of the boiler body 16, a reduced oxygen carrier 7, a turbine high-pressure cylinder 8, a turbine medium-low pressure cylinder 9, a generator 10, a condenser 11, a low-pressure heater 12, an oxygen separator 13, a deaerator 14, a high-pressure heater 15, a semicoke powder feeding system 16, a cyclone preheating separator 17, a bituminous coal powder feeding system 18, a bituminous coal burner 19, a main combustion zone secondary air or wall type air nozzle 20, a preheating semicoke burner 21, a preheating product burner 22 and an over-fire air nozzle 23. A high-temperature oxygen-increasing reducibility main combustion zone, preheated product combustion and NO are formed in the hearth from bottom to topxA reduction zone and an oxygen-increasing burnout zone. The main combustion area is provided with secondary air or wall type air nozzles 20 of an oxygen-increasing or pure oxygen main combustion area.
The invention adopts a mode of milling powder separately to grind the semicoke fuel and the bituminous coal fuel, can realize different fineness treatments of the two fuels, and can effectively carry out special anti-abrasion treatment on a semicoke conveying pipeline and a combustor.
The hot air of the oxidation reactor of the chemical looping air separation unit is introduced by an air preheater arranged at the rear of the furnace. The oxygen carrier can be selected from metal oxide oxygen carriers and sulfate oxygen carriers, and comprises high-efficiency oxygen carriers such as copper-based oxygen carriers or perovskites. Superheated steam of a reduction reactor in the chemical-looping air separation device is provided by steam extraction of a steam turbine, corresponding steam extraction of the last stage of the steam turbine can be selected according to specific parameters of different power plants, and superheated steam with the atmospheric pressure (0.1MPa) or lower can be selected according to parameters of the reduction reactor according to steam parameters. Oxygen-carrying steam at the outlet of a reduction reactor in the chemical-looping air separation device is condensed by a low-pressure heater and then is separated by an oxygen separator to obtain pure oxygen and condensed water, and the separated drain water and the upper-level condensed water are mixed and enter a steam-water system for circulation.
High-temperature oxygen-poor air at the outlet of an oxidation reactor in the chemical-looping air separation device is introduced into a cyclone preheating separator to preheat semicoke, and a water cooling system is arranged on the cyclone preheating separator.
A plurality of cyclone separators can be connected in parallel or in series in the semicoke preheating system according to the requirement.
The high-temperature oxygen-poor air obtained by the oxidation reactor is mainly used for preheating the semicoke, and when the high-temperature air is excessive, the residual high-temperature oxygen-poor air is introduced into flue gas of a boiler to be mixed and utilizes heat through a convection heating surface.
The high-temperature oxygen-poor air can be selected to be matched with the hot primary air to adjust the temperature and the oxygen content, the temperature is adjusted to 700-800 ℃, the temperature range is favorable for activating the semicoke and inhibiting NOxThe semi-coke can reach a certain preheating temperature, and the proper oxygen content ensures that the semi-coke and the high-temperature oxygen-deficient air have partial gasification reaction;
the system mainly aims at a semicoke and bituminous coal mixed combustion system, and can be used for pure combustion of low-volatile fuels such as semicoke, anthracite, lean coal and the like.
The main combustion zone burner adopts a mode of injecting semicoke and bituminous coal at intervals, and the bottom burner injects the bituminous coal, so that the ignition and stable combustion performance of the semicoke is improved by utilizing the ignition of inflammable bituminous coal. The high-temperature preheated semicoke is fed into the middle lower part of the hearth through the burner by hot primary air, and is rapidly ignited and combusted. The reducing preheated product and a small amount of superfine semicoke are sprayed into the hearth NOxA reduction zone for further reducing NO while achieving sufficient combustion of the fuelxAnd (4) generating. The overfire air can be selected to mix high-purity oxygen or independently spray pure oxygen, so as to improve the oxygen concentration in the overfire area, and acceptable NO is achievedxOn the basis of increased discharge, the burnout rate of the fuel is further improved, the carbon content of the fly ash is reduced, and the boiler efficiency is improved.
The semicoke of the invention is low in NOxThe main process and parameters of the blending combustion method are summarized as follows:
1) high-purity oxygen prepared by the chemical-looping air separation device is mixed with secondary air or is independently sprayed into a main combustion area of a hearth, so that the oxygen concentration of the main combustion area is increased, the ignition and combustion characteristics of semicoke are improved, and a high-temperature area is created;
2) controlling the amount of air and oxygen sprayed into the main combustion zone, and ensuring that the excess oxygen coefficient of the main combustion zone is lower than 0.8; the excess oxygen coefficient is the ratio of the amount of oxygen actually introduced to the amount of oxygen required for complete combustion.
3) High-temperature oxygen-deficient air obtained by a chemical-looping air separation device is used for preheating low-volatile semicoke fuel, so that the temperature of semicoke entering a furnace is increased, and the combustion characteristic of the semicoke is improved;
4) reductive preheating gas generated after high-temperature oxygen-poor air preheats semicoke and a little superfine semicoke are sprayed into hearth NOxThe reduction zone is used for combustion and promotes NOxReduction;
5) the position of the overfire air nozzle is properly increased, and the oxygen is doped into the overfire air or is sprayed into the overfire area as the overfire air, so that the difficult-to-burn fuel is fully combusted.
The invention provides a method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separationxThe blending burning method is implemented as follows:
1) the bituminous coal and the semicoke are pulverized by separate grinding, and the bituminous coal pulverized coal with smaller fineness obtained by the bituminous coal pulverizing system 18 is sprayed into the hearth from the lower part of the hearth to be ignited and combusted, so that the effects of ignition and ignition can be achieved. The semicoke fuel is ground by a semicoke pulverizing system 16 to obtain fine semicoke powder, and high-temperature oxygen-poor air at the outlet of the oxidation reactor 4 is carried into a cyclone preheating separator 17 to form preheated semicoke and preheated products which are sprayed into a main combustion area of a hearth and are combusted by the preheated products and NO respectively through a bituminous coal burner 19 and a semicoke burner 21 in a grading mannerxA reduction zone;
2) part of the high-temperature oxygen-poor air obtained from the oxidation reactor 4 is used for preheating the semicoke and can be mixed with air or hot secondary air to adjust the oxygen content and the temperature, the high-temperature oxygen-poor air and the semicoke fuel are mixed and reacted violently in the cyclone preheating separator 17, and the preheated product with strong reducibility obtained by separation is sprayed into a hearth NOxThe preheated semicoke is sent into a main combustion area of a hearth to be combusted; and the other part is sprayed into a corresponding flue of a hearth according to the operation regulation of the power plant and is subjected to heat recovery and utilization through a convection heat exchanger.
3) Part of hot air heated by the air preheater 3 is introduced into an oxidation reactor 4 in a chemical-looping air separation system to react with a reduced-state oxygen carrier 7, a large amount of heat is released, and an oxidized-state oxygen carrier 5 is formed and is sent into a reduction reactor 6; extracting superheated steam from the last stage 9 of the steam turbine, sending the superheated steam into a reduction reactor 6, in an environment with the oxygen partial pressure being almost zero, converting oxygen contained in the oxygen carrier 5 into an oxygen carrier 7 in a reduction state by releasing oxygen, taking the released oxygen away by the superheated steam, condensing the oxygen by a low-pressure heater 12, and separating the oxygen by an oxygen separator 13 to obtain high-purity oxygen; the obtained high-purity oxygen is heated by an air preheater 3 and then is sent into a main combustion area of a hearth, so that an oxygen-increasing environment is created.
4) The drain water obtained by condensation separation is mixed with the upper-level condensed water, and then enters a hearth steam-water system to circulate as boiler feed water through the low-pressure heater 12, the deaerator 14, the high-pressure heater 15 and the economizer 2 in sequence.
5) High-purity oxygen obtained by chemical chain air separation can be selectively mixed with secondary air or independently fed into a hearth through the secondary air or a wall type air nozzle 20 in a main combustion zone, the fuel is violently combusted in a high-oxygen concentration environment, a high-temperature environment is created, meanwhile, the excessive oxygen coefficient of the main combustion zone is controlled to be lower than 0.8, an oxygen-enriched high-temperature reducing atmosphere is created, and the NO in the initial combustion stage is greatly reducedxAnd (4) generating. The specific arrangement mode of the secondary air in the main combustion zone can refer to fig. 2 and 3.
6) According to the actual operation condition, the mixed air of hot air and pure oxygen or the pure oxygen can be selected as the over-fire air which is sent into the hearth through an over-fire air nozzle 23 arranged at the upper part of the hearth, the position of the over-fire air nozzle is properly improved, and NO is prolongedxThe reduction length enables the unburnt fuel to be violently combusted under the condition of high oxygen concentration, and the fuel combustion efficiency is obviously improved.
It should be understood that this example is only for illustrating the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, however, these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. Semi-coke low NO realization through chemical chain air separationxThe mixed combustion power station system is characterized by comprising a boiler body (1), an economizer (2), an air preheater (3), a chemical chain oxidation reactor (4), an oxidation state oxygen carrier (5), a chemical chain reduction reactor (6), a reduction state oxygen carrier (7), a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (8), a steam turbine medium-low pressure cylinder (9), a generator (10) and a condenser (11)) The device comprises a low-pressure heater (12), an oxygen separator (13), a deaerator (14), a high-pressure heater (15), a semicoke powder feeding system (16), a cyclone preheating separator (17), a bituminous coal powder feeding system (18), a bituminous coal burner (19), a main combustion zone secondary air or wall type air nozzle (20), a preheating semicoke burner (21), a preheating product burner (22), an over-fire air nozzle (23), and a main combustion zone, a preheating product combustion and NO arranged in a hearth from bottom to topxA reduction zone and a burnout zone; wherein,
the economizer (2) and the air preheater (3) are arranged in a tail flue of the boiler body (1); when the device works, part of hot air heated by the air preheater is introduced into the chemical chain oxidation reactor (4) to oxidize the reduction-state oxygen carrier (7) into the oxidation-state oxygen carrier (5) and generate high-temperature oxygen-poor air; the oxidation state oxygen carrier (5) is sent into a chemical chain reduction reactor (6) to release high-concentration oxygen in a steam environment, the oxygen is converted into a reduction state oxygen carrier (7) to be recycled, and superheated steam sent into the chemical chain reduction reactor (6) is generated by extracting steam through a low pressure cylinder (9) in a steam turbine; superheated steam containing high-concentration oxygen generated by the chemical-looping reduction reactor (6) is sent to a low-pressure heater (12) and is condensed after heat exchange with condensed water, the high-concentration oxygen and the condensed water are separated by an oxygen separator (13), and the condensed water enters a steam-water circulating system through a pipeline before being sent to the low-pressure heater (12); pure oxygen obtained by separation is introduced into an air preheater (3) to be heated and then is sprayed into a hearth through a main combustion area secondary air or wall type air nozzle (20) and an over-fire air nozzle (23); the other part of air heated by the air preheater (3) is used as primary air and secondary air, wherein part of the primary air carries bituminous coal powder through a bituminous coal powder feeding system (18) and is sent into a hearth through a bituminous coal burner (19) for combustion, part of the primary air carries preheated semicoke powder obtained by separation of a cyclone preheating separator (17) and is sent into a main combustion area of the hearth through a preheated semicoke burner (21), and the secondary air is sprayed into the hearth through secondary air in the main combustion area or a wall type air nozzle (20); part of high-temperature oxygen-poor air obtained by the chemical-looping oxidation reactor (4) carries the semicoke powder prepared by the semicoke powder feeding system (16) to enter a cyclone preheating separator (17) for reaction to obtain preheated semicoke and preheated gas, wherein the preheated gas carrying part of superfine semicoke powder is sent into a hearth through a preheated product combustor (22)NOxThe reduction zone is combusted and utilized; steam generated by the boiler sequentially passes through the high-pressure cylinder (8) of the steam turbine, the low-pressure cylinder (9) of the steam turbine applies work to drive the generator (10) to generate electricity, and the steam after the work is delivered into the hearth to be heated to generate high-temperature steam after sequentially passing through the condenser (11), the low-pressure heater (12), the deaerator (14), the high-pressure heater (15) and the economizer (2), so that the high-temperature steam can be recycled.
2. The method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separation according to claim 1xThe mixed combustion power station system is characterized in that a main combustion area is provided with a main combustion area secondary air or wall type air nozzle (20) for increasing oxygen or pure oxygen.
3. The method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separation according to claim 1xThe blending combustion power station system is characterized in that hot air of an oxidation reactor (4) is introduced by an air preheater arranged at the tail of a hearth, and an oxygen carrier is selected from a metal oxide oxygen carrier or a sulfate oxygen carrier.
4. The method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separation according to claim 1xThe co-combustion power station system is characterized in that superheated steam of the reduction reactor (5) is provided by steam extraction of a steam turbine, and corresponding steam extraction of the last stage of the steam turbine can be selected according to specific parameters of different power plants.
5. The method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separation according to claim 1xThe power station system with co-combustion is characterized in that oxygen-carrying steam at the outlet of the reduction reactor (5) is condensed by a low-pressure heater and then separated by an oxygen separator to obtain pure oxygen and condensed water, and the separated drain water and the upper-level condensed water are mixed and enter a steam-water system for circulation.
6. The method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separation according to claim 1xThe mixed-burning power station system is characterized in that oxygen-deficient air at the outlet of the oxidation reactor (4) is introduced into a cyclone preheating separator (17) to semicokePreheating treatment is carried out, and a water cooling system is arranged on the cyclone preheating separator (17).
7. The method for realizing semicoke low NO through chemical chain air separation according to claim 1xThe blended combustion power station system is characterized by aiming at a mixed combustion system of semicoke and bituminous coal or being used for pure combustion of low-volatile fuels, including semicoke, anthracite and lean coal.
8. Semi-coke low NO realization through chemical chain air separationxMethod for co-firing, characterized in that it is based on the realization of low NO in semicoke by chemical-looping air separation according to any of claims 1 to 7xA blended burning power plant system comprising:
1) the bituminous coal and the semicoke are pulverized by a separate grinding method to obtain bituminous coal powder with required fineness, and the bituminous coal powder is sprayed into a hearth from the lower part of the hearth to be ignited and combusted, so that the ignition and ignition effects are achieved; the semi-coke powder with required fineness is obtained after being ground by a semi-coke fuel coal mill, and after the high-temperature oxygen-deficient air at the outlet of the oxidation reactor (4) is carried into a cyclone preheating separator (17), preheated semi-coke and preheated products are formed and sprayed into a main combustion area of a hearth in a grading manner, and the preheated products are combusted and NO is carried outxA reduction zone;
2) part of the high-temperature oxygen-poor air obtained by the oxidation reactor (4) is used for preheating the semicoke and is mixed with air or hot secondary air to adjust the oxygen content and the temperature, the high-temperature oxygen-poor air and the semicoke fuel are mixed and reacted violently in a cyclone preheating separator (10), and the preheated product with strong reducibility obtained by separation is sprayed into a hearth NOxThe preheated semicoke is sent into a main combustion area of a hearth to be combusted; the other part is sprayed into a corresponding flue of a hearth according to the operation regulation of the power plant and is subjected to heat recycling through a convection heat exchanger;
3) part of hot air heated by the air preheater is introduced into an oxidation reactor (4) in the chemical-looping air separation system to react with the reduced-state oxygen carrier, a large amount of heat is released, and the oxidized-state oxygen carrier is formed and sent into a reduction reactor (6); extracting superheated steam from the last stage of a steam turbine, sending the superheated steam into a reduction reactor (6), in an environment with the oxygen partial pressure being almost zero, releasing oxygen contained in an oxidation state oxygen carrier by the oxidation state oxygen carrier to be converted into a reduction state oxygen carrier, taking the released oxygen by the superheated steam, condensing the oxygen by a low-pressure heater (12), and separating the oxygen by an oxygen separator (13) to obtain high-purity oxygen; the obtained high-purity oxygen is heated by an air preheater (3) and then is sent into a main combustion area of a hearth to create an oxygen-increasing environment;
4) the drain water obtained by condensation separation is mixed with the upper-level condensed water, and enters a hearth steam-water system to circulate as boiler feed water sequentially through a low-pressure heater (12), a deaerator (14), a high-pressure heater (15) and an economizer (2);
5) high-purity oxygen obtained by chemical chain air separation can be selectively mixed with secondary air or independently fed into a hearth through the secondary air or a wall type air nozzle (20) of a main combustion zone, the fuel is violently combusted in a high-oxygen concentration environment, a high-temperature environment is created, meanwhile, the excessive oxygen coefficient of the main combustion zone is controlled to be lower than 0.8, an oxygen-increasing high-temperature reducing atmosphere is created, and NO in the initial combustion stage is reducedxGenerating;
6) according to the actual operation condition, selecting the secondary air and pure oxygen mixed air or pure oxygen as over-fire air, sending the over-fire air into the hearth through an over-fire air nozzle arranged at the upper part of the hearth, improving the position of the over-fire air nozzle, and prolonging NOxThe reduction length ensures that the unburnt fuel is violently combusted under the condition of high oxygen concentration, and the fuel combustion efficiency is obviously improved;
7) the combustion zone of the main combustion zone is provided with a mode of injecting semicoke and bituminous coal at intervals, and the combustion characteristic of the fuel is further improved through the ignition effect of the combustible bituminous coal.
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