CN110357639A - 超细碳氮化钛粉末及其制备方法 - Google Patents

超细碳氮化钛粉末及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110357639A
CN110357639A CN201910690401.7A CN201910690401A CN110357639A CN 110357639 A CN110357639 A CN 110357639A CN 201910690401 A CN201910690401 A CN 201910690401A CN 110357639 A CN110357639 A CN 110357639A
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颜练武
颜文武
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Zhuzhou Hongxin New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种Fsss≤0.8μm的超细碳氮化钛粉末,按质量百分比计TiC:TiN=(7~3):(3~7)且为饱和固溶体,其中:C为(6~14)±0.5﹑N为(7~15)±0.5,氧≤0.6,杂质Ca≤0.01,Al≤0.01,Fe≤0.015,Mo≤0.01,Na≤0.01,Cf≤0.5;其制备依次包括:偏钛酸原料经低温烘干和煅烧,获得0.01~0.05μm的TiO2粉末;再与酒石酸粉末按1:(2.63~3.09)混合,经三段控温的碳化、氮化,获得碳氮化钛粉末;冷却、球磨、过筛,获得Fsss≤0.8μm的超细碳氮化钛粉末,满足Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备需求,且粉末更均匀。

Description

超细碳氮化钛粉末及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于粉末冶金新材料制备领域,尤其涉及一种超细碳氮化钛粉末及其制备方法。
技术背景
中国是钨资源大国,但钨资源日益枯竭,Co在国际上是重要的战略物资。因此,用“无Co或少Co、无W或少W”的材料代替部分传统硬质合金是一个迫在眉睫的任务,金属陶瓷正是在这一背景下得到迅速的发展。Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷原料成本只有钨钴硬质合金原料的30~40%,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷还有优于传统硬质合金的高温硬度和摩擦性能,性价比优势非常显著。随着我国制造业大国地位的崛起,特别是少切屑的精密加工工艺的发展,金属陶瓷刀具的市场前景非常广阔。
性能优良的金属陶瓷需要有优质的Ti(C,N)粉末。为了得到金相组织更加均匀和细小的金属陶瓷,作为主要组分之一的Ti(C,N)粉末也必须更加细小和均匀﹑杂质含量更低。
现在市场中普遍应用的碳氮化钛——Ti(C,N)粉末制备方法是将高温煅烧的TiO2粉末与固体碳黑球磨混合﹑经碳管炉高温碳化氮化而成,此方法碳化氮化温度高(1700~1800℃)﹑碳化氮化时间较长,制备的Ti(C,N)粉末粒度为2~4μm,且粒度均匀性差,杂质含量高(铁含量一般为0.05%),难以满足金属陶瓷越来越高的组织结构要求。由于Ti(C,N)粉末为一个小品种产品,国内外的相关报道较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种超细碳氮化钛粉末及其制备方法,其费氏粒度达到超细级别且更加均匀,杂质含量更低,其中铁含量≤0.015%。
为实现本发明目的,本发明的超细碳氮化钛粉末,其费氏粒度≤0.8μm,TiC与TiN的质量比为TiC:TiN=(7~3):(3~7)且为饱和固溶体,其中:C的质量百分比为(6~14)±0.5﹑N的质量百分比为(7~15)±0.5,氧及杂质的质量百分比为:氧≤0.6,杂质含量Ca≤0.01,Al≤0.01,Fe≤0.015,Mo≤0.01,Na≤0.01,Cf≤0.5。
本发明的超细碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法,依次包括以下步骤:
(一)采用偏钛酸为原料,经低温烘干、低温煅烧后,获得粒度为0.01~0.05μm的TiO2粉末;
(二)以上述获得的TiO2粉末与酒石酸粉末按TiO2:酒石酸=1:(2.63~3.09)均匀混合,然后经碳化、氮化,获得碳氮化钛粉末;
(三)上述获得的碳氮化钛粉末经冷却、球磨、过筛,获得费氏粒度≤0.8μm的超细碳氮化钛粉末。
作为优化,所述偏钛酸中TiO2的质量百分含量≥90%;所述低温烘干温度为100~120℃,烘干时间为8~10小时;所述低温煅烧温度为400~430℃,煅烧时间为1~3小时;所述TiO2粉末粒度的测量方法是氮吸附法。
所述低温煅烧是在回转炉中进行。
所述TiO2粉末与酒石酸粉末混合是在干式球磨机中进行,混合时间为5~9小时。
作为进一步优化,所述碳化、氮化是在连续烧结炉内进行的;烧结炉为三带控温,第一带低温,温度范围210±10℃,使酒石酸分解出碳,作为TiO2还原碳化的碳源;第二带750~850℃,使TiO2进一步纯化;第三带高温,温度范围1400~1500℃,使发生碳化和氮化反应;推舟速度为30±1分钟/舟;所述氮化所需的氮气从所述烧结炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反。
所述物料冷却是在烧结炉内出料端的冷却区进行。
由于制备一种粉末产品,该粉末的粒度主要决定于以下两个因素:1﹑原材料的粒度,原材料粒度小才可能制备出粒度小的粉末。2﹑还原碳化氮化过程中,在保证反应完全的前提下,尽可能地降低反应温度,减少粉末的粗化。
为了该目的,本发明的制备方法采用了以下几个手段:
1.将偏钛酸烘干后进行低温煅烧,以阻止TiO2粉末的粗化,获得原料TiO2粉末粒度为0.01~0.05μm。
2.将获得的该纳米级TiO2粉末与酒石酸末混合进行反应时,在连续烧结炉内低温保温,使酒石酸粉末分解出高活性的碳,作为TiO2还原碳化的碳源。由于TiO2粉末为纳米级,碳为高活性,缩短反应扩散距离,降低反应温度,有效阻止晶粒的长大。
3.氮化时,氮气从烧结炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反,使得氮化反应充分。
本发明中,纳米级TiO2粉末的碳化与氮化反应式如下:
TiO2+C+N2→Ti(C,N)+CO↑
因此采用本发明的制备的碳氮化钛粉末不仅粒度≤0.8μm,达到超细级别,满足Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的制备需求,而且粉末更均匀。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
将TiO2质量百分含量≥90%的偏钛酸200公斤,用烘箱在100~120℃的低温下进行8小时烘干,然后置于回转炉中进行400~410℃温度下进行1小时的低温煅烧,煅烧后获得TiO2粒度为0.02μm。其粒度测量采用氮吸附法(以下实施例相同)。
取上述TiO2粉末15公斤,与46.4±0.1公斤酒石酸(1:3.09)在干式球磨机中(以下实施例相同)混合9小时然后装入石墨舟中,每舟的装舟量为0.60±0.05公斤,扒平(以下实施例相同),推入连续烧结炉(本申请具体实施方式中均采用钼丝炉)中进行碳化、氮化,推舟速度为30±1分钟/舟,钼丝炉为三带控温,其第一带低温,温度范围210±10℃,使酒石酸分解出碳,作为TiO2还原碳化的碳源;第二带温度设定为800±20℃,使TiO2进一步纯化;第三带高温,温度范围1490±10℃,使发生碳化和氮化反应;氮化所需的氮气从钼丝炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反。随炉冷却后,出料球磨。取样测量其Fsss粒度为0.73μm、TiC:TiN质量比为7:3的Ti(C,N)粉末,具体指标见表2。
实施例2:将TiO2质量百分含量≥90%的偏钛酸200公斤,用烘箱在100~120℃的低温下进行8小时烘干,然后置于回转炉中进行420~430℃温度下进行2小时的低温煅烧,煅烧后获得TiO2粒度为0.04μm。
取上述TiO2粉末15公斤,与44.6±0.1公斤酒石酸(1:2.97)混合8小时然后装入石墨舟中,每舟的装舟量为0.60±0.05公斤,推入连续钼丝炉中进行碳化、氮化,推舟速度为30±1分钟/舟,钼丝炉的三带温度设定分别为210±10℃、830±20℃、1470±10℃。氮化所需的氮气从钼丝炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反。随炉冷却后,出料球磨。取样测量其Fsss粒度为0.75μm,TiC:TiN质量比为6:4的Ti(C,N)粉末,具体指标见表2。
实施例3:将TiO2质量百分含量≥90%的偏钛酸200公斤,用烘箱在100~120℃的低温下进行10小时烘干,然后置于回转炉中进行400~410℃温度下进行1小时的低温煅烧,煅烧后获得TiO2粒度为0.01μm。
取上述TiO2粉末15公斤,与42.9±0.1公斤酒石酸(1:2.86)混合7小时然后装入石墨舟中,每舟的装舟量为0.60±0.05公斤,推入连续钼丝炉中进行碳化、氮化,推舟速度为30±1分钟/舟,钼丝炉的三带温度设定分别为210±10℃、780±20℃、1450±10℃。氮化所需的氮气从钼丝炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反。随炉冷却后,出料球磨。取样测量其Fsss粒度为0.77μm,TiC:TiN质量比为5:5的Ti(C,N)粉末,具体指标见表2。
实施例4:将TiO2质量百分含量≥90%的偏钛酸200公斤,用烘箱在100~120℃的低温下进行9小时烘干,然后置于回转炉中进行410~420℃温度下进行3小时的低温煅烧,煅烧后获得TiO2粒度为0.05μm。
取上述TiO2粉末15公斤,与41.2±0.1公斤酒石酸(1:2.74)混合6小时然后装入石墨舟中,每舟的装舟量为0.60±0.05公斤,推入连续钼丝炉中进行碳化、氮化,推舟速度为30±1分钟/舟,钼丝炉的三带温度设定分别为210±10℃、760±10℃、1430±10℃。氮化所需的氮气从钼丝炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反。随炉冷却后,出料球磨。取样测量其Fsss粒度为0.72μm,TiC:TiN质量比为4:6的Ti(C,N)粉末,具体指标见表2。
实施例5:将TiO2质量百分含量≥90%的偏钛酸200公斤,用烘箱在100~120℃的低温下进行10小时烘干,然后置于回转炉中进行400~410℃温度下进行2小时的低温煅烧,煅烧后获得TiO2粒度为0.04μm。
取上述TiO2粉末15公斤,与39.5±0.1公斤酒石酸(1:2.63)混合7小时然后装入石墨舟中,每舟的装舟量为0.60±0.05公斤,推入连续钼丝炉中进行碳化、氮化,推舟速度为30±1分钟/舟,钼丝炉的三带温度设定分别为210±10℃、770±20℃、1410±10℃。氮化所需的氮气从钼丝炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反。随炉冷却后,出料球磨。取样测量其Fsss粒度为0.73μm,TiC:TiN质量比为3:7的Ti(C,N)粉末,具体指标见表2。
附表2超细Ti(C,N)粉末性能指标
由表2可以看出,本发明方法获得的超细Ti(C,N)粉末,其费氏粒度≤0.8μm,以质量百分比计,氧≤0.6,Ca≤0.01,Al≤0.01,Fe≤0.015,Mo≤0.01,Na≤0.01,Cf≤0.5。
本发明并不限于上述实施例,凡采用本发明思路均应在本发明保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种超细碳氮化钛粉末,其费氏粒度≤0.8μm,TiC与TiN的质量比为TiC:TiN=(7~3):(3~7)且为饱和固溶体,其中:C的质量百分比为(6~14)±0.5﹑N的质量百分比为(7~15)±0.5,氧及杂质的质量百分比为:氧≤0.6,杂质含量Ca≤0.01,Al≤0.01,Fe≤0.015,Mo≤0.01,Na≤0.01,Cf≤0.5。
2.如权利要求1所述的超细碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法,依次包括以下步骤:
一)采用偏钛酸为原料,经低温烘干、低温煅烧后,获得粒度0.01~0.05μm的TiO2粉末;
(二)以上述获得的TiO2粉末,与酒石酸粉末按TiO2:酒石酸=1:(2.63~3.09)均匀混合,然后经碳化、氮化,获得碳氮化钛粉末;
(三)上述获得的碳氮化钛粉末经冷却、球磨、过筛,获得费氏粒度≤0.8μm的超细碳氮化钛粉末。
3.如权利要求2所述的超细碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述偏钛酸中TiO2质量百分含量≥90%;所述低温烘干温度为100~120℃,烘干时间为8~10小时;所述低温煅烧温度为400~430℃,煅烧时间为1~3小时;所述TiO2粉末粒度的测量方法是氮吸附法。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的超细碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述低温煅烧是在回转炉中进行。
5.如权利要求2所述的超细碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述TiO2粉末与酒石酸粉末混合是在干式球磨机中进行,混合时间为5~9小时。
6.如权利要求2所述的超细碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碳化、氮化是在连续烧结炉内进行的;烧结炉为三带控温,第一带低温,温度范围210±10℃,使酒石酸分解出碳,作为TiO2还原碳化的碳源;第二带750~850℃,使TiO2进一步纯化;第三带高温,温度范围1400~1500℃,使发生碳化和氮化反应;推舟速度为30±1分钟/舟;所述氮化所需的氮气从所述烧结炉的出料端通入,流动方向与物料移动方向相反。
7.如权利要求2或6所述的超细碳氮化钛粉末的制备方法,其特征在于:所述物料冷却是在烧结炉内出料端的冷却区进行。
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