CN110352898B - 一种种养共生养殖网箱及养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及农田种养共生养殖领域,具体涉及一种种养共生养殖网箱及养殖方法。本发明网箱设计简洁、巧妙;通过对网箱、网袋、薄膜塑料袋尺寸的设计,使得网箱不仅具有养殖功能,更能够有效的对自然天敌、自然灾害、耕作影响等问题予以有效的处理和解决。采用本发明网箱进行的种养共生养殖方式,便于管理,产量稳定,能够满足一年多季饲养多季产出,形成高效益的养殖产业,适合在广大农村地区推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农田种养共生养殖领域,具体涉及一种种养共生养殖网箱及养殖方法。
背景技术
目前,我国农业渔业发展均面临空间资源紧缺,生态环境恶化,药物滥用,质量不高的问题,种植和养殖经济效益不高,调动不起农民积极性。如果能够把种植业和养殖业结合,将会在一定程度上促进和加强生物多样性,还能改善水质,促进农民增收。采用稻田养鱼、养贝类既能增加种植稻子质量,又能提高养鱼质量,使养殖业与种植业巧妙结合,在相似的环境中,使稻田和鱼共生互利,提高整体效益。
而现有技术中的稻田养鱼通常直接采用开鱼溜或简易敞开式围网的方式进行,这些养殖方式无法统一管理,也无法应对天敌和自然灾害等问题,使得农民兄弟在养殖的过程中常常出现养殖效益不稳定,产量不大等问题。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题,提供一种种养共生养殖网箱及养殖方法,具体技术方案如下:
一种种养共生养殖网箱,所述网箱包括箱框、网袋和薄膜塑料袋;
所述箱框由PVC管或不锈钢管裁锯,并由三通搭建成可拆卸的方形箱框;
所述网袋设置为方形,顶部敞口,敞口网袋处设置有扎口绳;所述网袋长和宽尺寸与所述箱框尺寸一致,高尺寸至少是所述箱框高尺寸的2倍;在所述网袋周边设置有多个扎带,所述网袋通过所述扎带固定在所述箱框内,所述网袋材质为尼龙;
所述薄膜塑料袋平铺在所述网袋底部,所述薄膜塑料袋容量大于所述网箱容积。
进一步的,所述箱框尺寸长×宽×高为200cm×50cm×80cm;所述网袋尺寸长×宽×高为200cm×50cm×150cm。
具体的箱框可选用8分水管或不锈钢管,三通尺寸对应选择。
一种利用前述网箱的种养共生养殖方法,该养殖方法包括如下步骤:
(1)种养共生地的选择,选用进、排水方便,水质清新无污染,保水性良好的农田;所述种养共生地包括水稻种植田、蔬菜种植田、杂交水稻育种田、烟草种植田、香芋头种植田或大棚种植田中的一种或多种。
(2)在种养共生地的田埂内侧开设网箱放置沟渠;沟渠占地不超过种植土地面积的10%;在蔬菜种植田、烟草种植田、香芋头种植田或大棚种植田的出水口处下方设置或开挖一个鱼粪便水池,在所述水池内底部放置与水池尺寸相应的塑料隔膜。
(3)将组合好的网箱逐一放置于沟渠内,所述网袋网目数根据养殖鱼苗种类及尺寸选定;
(4)种养互不影响设置:在种植田需平地、插秧、施肥、喷洒农药时,在网箱上部架设一有开孔的塑料管,将网箱底的薄膜塑料袋拉起连通塑料水管一同压平于网箱顶部,塑料管内引入水源,达到种养短暂分离,待种植田稳定后将薄膜塑料袋压回网箱底部即可恢复种养供水;
(5)养殖鱼类天敌及自然灾害防范:将所述网袋超出箱框的部分折向箱框一侧即可在网箱顶部形成隔网,防范鸟类、蛇、狸等天敌;在多雨季节,将网袋顶部扎口绳扎紧连接至高位拉绳,避免网箱内的鱼类因水位上涨逃脱;
(6)种养过程中所述鱼粪便水池内的塑料隔膜对与鱼粪水保恒,鱼粪便在水池中分解发酵,供给作为农作物肥料;
(7)鱼苗培育及鱼种投放,先在培育箱内培育鱼苗,鱼苗培育成50g-100g鱼种后,用10ppm聚维酮碘溶液浸泡消毒后按照100尾/网箱投入至种养共生网箱内;
(8)鱼食饵料的制作与投放:选用天然鱼食饵料,根据鱼种大小食量进行投喂;稻花季期间的两周内不投放鱼食饵料,对沟渠的水进行半小时排水和补水,每日两次;
(9)水质管理:水质需求除了耕种期间,机械平地、插秧、施肥、病虫害喷洒药物时所进行步骤(4)的措施以外,其余的安全期时段在相应水位上保持种养共生地内进出水正常即可;
(10)起捕上市销售及管理:成长期管理经鱼种投放日起满90天的饲养期后,每10天进行一次大小分养,将快要达到上市规格的大鱼挑出市售或单独饲养,并向网箱内补足鱼苗。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中,对于平整的水稻田开设门形沟,沟深50cm、宽60cm;对于山坑田或梯田根据农田形状开设后沟,沟深50cm、宽60cm;对于蔬菜种植田、烟草种植田及大棚种植田,开设三面沟,沟深60cm、沟宽70cm。
所述的门形沟,是指在平整种植田的预留农作机械进口和出口位置,该位置不挖沟,该开沟方式满足种植田耕作、收割等时节机械的进出,不会对网箱内的养殖造成影响;所述的后沟,是指针对山坑田或梯田等地势不平整的种植田,在种植田沿外田埂挖沟;所述三面沟是在种植田的三面开沟,留一面不开沟,便于种植田内蔬菜或烟草的管理。
进一步的,步骤(8)中鱼食饵料选用农田内自生水瓢、粉碎玉米杆、粉碎谷皮细末、粉碎的蔬菜种植基地脚叶及瓜果藤或粉碎麦皮麦杆细末中的一种或多种;将上述原料炒熟或煮熟后,混合投喂;投喂量根据鱼苗大小调整。
本发明网箱设计简洁、巧妙;通过对网箱、网袋、薄膜塑料袋尺寸的设计,使得网箱不仅具有养殖功能,更能够有效的对自然天敌、自然灾害、耕作影响等问题予以有效的处理和解决。采用本发明网箱进行的种养共生养殖方式,便于管理,产量稳定,能够满足一年多季饲养多季产出,形成高效益的养殖产业,适合在广大农村地区推广应用。
附图说明;
图1 本发明种植田养殖示意图;
图2 本发明箱框结构示意图;
图3 本发明网袋结构示意图;
图4 本发明网箱使用状态下结构示意图;
附图标记
1-箱框;2-网袋;3-薄膜塑料袋;4-鱼粪便水池;5- 田埂;6-网箱;11-PVC管或不锈钢管;12-三通;21-扎带;22-扎口绳。
具体实施方式
结合说明书附图对本发明的网箱和养殖方法的具体实施方式进一步说明:
如图2-4,本发明的网箱结构:
所述网箱6包括箱框1、网袋2和薄膜塑料袋3;
所述箱框1由PVC管或不锈钢管裁锯,并由三通12搭建成可拆卸的方形箱框;
所述网袋2设置为方形,顶部敞口,敞口网袋处设置有扎口绳22;所述网袋长和宽尺寸与所述箱框尺寸一致,高尺寸至少是所述箱框高尺寸的2倍;在所述网袋2周边设置有多个扎带21,所述网袋通过所述扎带固定在所述箱框内,所述网袋材质为尼龙;
所述薄膜塑料袋3平铺在所述网袋底部,所述薄膜塑料袋容量大于所述网箱容积。
所述箱框尺寸长×宽×高为200cm×50cm×80cm;所述网袋尺寸长×宽×高为200cm×50cm×150cm。
在使用过程中,将网袋3的扎带21扎在箱框上固定,网袋高出的部分对折耷在箱框的一侧,使箱框上形成盖网,鸟类、蛇虫等天敌无法进入捕鱼;在多雨季节,将网袋顶部扎口绳扎紧连接至高位拉绳,避免网箱内的鱼类因水位上涨逃脱。此外,在在种植田需平地、插秧、施肥、喷洒农药时,在网箱上部架设一有开孔的塑料管,将网箱底的薄膜塑料袋拉起连通塑料水管一同压平于网箱顶部,塑料管内引入水源,达到种养短暂分离,待种植田稳定后将薄膜塑料袋压回网箱底部即可恢复种养共水。
利用上述网箱进行种养共生养殖的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)种养共生地的选择,选用进、排水方便,水质清新无污染,保水性良好的农田;所述种养共生地包括水稻种植田、蔬菜种植田、杂交水稻育种田、烟草种植田、香芋头种植田或大棚种植田中的一种或多种。
(2)在种养共生地的田埂5内侧开设网箱放置沟渠,沟渠占地不超过种植土地面积的10%;在蔬菜种植田、烟草种植田、香芋头种植田或大棚种植田的出水口处下方设置或开挖一个鱼粪便水池,在所述水池内底部放置与水池尺寸相应的塑料隔膜。
(3)将组合好的网箱逐一放置于沟渠内,所述网袋网目数根据养殖鱼苗种类及尺寸选定;
(4)种养互不影响设置:在种植田需平地、插秧、施肥、喷洒农药时,在网箱上部架设一有开孔的塑料管,将网箱底的薄膜塑料袋拉起连通塑料水管一同压平于网箱顶部,塑料管内引入水源,达到种养短暂分离,待种植田稳定后将薄膜塑料袋压回网箱底部即可恢复种养供水;
(5)养殖鱼类天敌及自然灾害防范:将所述网袋超出箱框的部分折向箱框一侧即可在网箱顶部形成隔网,防范鸟类、蛇、狸等天敌;在多雨季节,将网袋顶部扎口绳扎紧连接至高位拉绳,避免网箱内的鱼类因水位上涨逃脱;
(6)种养过程中所述鱼粪便水池内的塑料隔膜对鱼粪水保恒,鱼粪便在水池中分解发酵,供给作为农作物肥料;
(7)鱼苗培育及鱼种投放,先在培育箱内培育鱼苗,鱼苗培育成50g-100g鱼种后,用10ppm聚维酮碘溶液浸泡消毒后按照100尾/网箱投入至种养共生网箱内;
具体可采用如下方式进行:①每年的4月份由鱼苗培育专用网箱,将8-9毫米的鱼苗水花经15日培育成1.5-2.5厘米的乌仔。②再由乌仔经15日的培育成3-4厘米的夏花时,微提起网袋,将夏花带水用碗计量每箱三碗,匀分入各个夏花专用饲养箱。再经40-60天分箱饲料成50g-100g的鱼种。③将夏花专用网箱内的鱼种分选掉劣质的杂色鱼苗、“胡子”苗、“困花”苗和畸形苗。④放养前鱼种消毒:将鱼种用10ppm聚维酮碘溶液浸泡消毒8分钟去除附于鱼种体表的细菌及寄生虫。⑤再将经过消完毒好品质鱼种按每箱100尾投放入成鱼专用箱内。⑥将原有培育鱼苗所空出的网箱取下鱼苗专用网袋换上成鱼专用网袋,再补投入每箱100尾鱼种做到不空箱可循环使用。
(8)鱼食饵料的制作与投放:选用天然鱼食饵料,根据鱼种大小食量进行投喂;稻花季期间的两周内不投放鱼食饵料,对沟渠的水进行半小时排水和补水,每日两次;
(9)水质管理:水质需求除了耕种期间,机械平地、插秧、施肥、病虫害喷洒药物时所进行步骤(4)的措施以外,其余的安全期时段在相应水位上保持种养共生地内进出水正常即可;
(10)起捕上市销售及管理:成长期管理经鱼种投放日起满90天的饲养期后,每10天进行一次大小分养,将快要达到上市规格的大鱼挑出市售或单独饲养,并向网箱内补足鱼苗。
所述种养共生地包括水稻种植田、蔬菜种植田、杂交水稻育种田、烟草种植田、香芋头种植田或大棚种植田,本实施例选用蔬菜种植田,开设三面沟。
所述步骤(2)中,对于平整的水稻田开设门形沟,沟深50cm、宽60cm;对于山坑田或梯田根据农田形状开设后沟,沟深50cm、宽60cm;对于蔬菜种植田、烟草种植田及大棚种植田,开设三面沟,沟深60cm、沟宽70cm。
步骤(8)中鱼食饵料选用农田内自生水瓢、粉碎玉米杆、粉碎谷皮细末、粉碎的蔬菜种植基地脚叶及瓜果藤或粉碎麦皮麦杆细末中的一种或多种;将上述原料炒熟或煮熟后,混合投喂;投喂量根据鱼苗大小调整。
具体可以采用如下方式:①谷皮细糠麦皮杆细糠及玉米杆细糠,用全自动电气化翻炒炉炒熟至糠香味时经冷却后投喂。②农田自生水瓢,蔬菜脚叶及瓜果藤斩碎后,用大容量电气化蒸煮锅煮熟去除有害物质经冷却后再投喂。③将所备制的鱼食饵料可以单独投喂也可以混合投喂。④成鱼网箱每个网箱一日一次,用一升水瓢每个网箱一瓢投喂量,投喂时间每日的早上八点准时投喂。⑤种养共生在稻花季期间的两周内不再投喂鱼饵料,因其成鱼网袋孔有中指大,只需用排水方法排去半小时水再补水回原位,网箱四周会因排水及补水的流动会咐着稻花和藻类生物可供鱼吸食,每日进行两次排水法,早上的八点及下午的五点。
通过采用养殖方法,能够使得种养共生养殖的鱼类产量稳定,实现多季饲养多季产出,达到稳定的养殖产量,形成高效益的养殖产业。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明,但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (4)
1.一种种养共生养殖方法,其特征在于:该养殖方法包括如下步骤:
(1)种养共生地的选择,选用进、排水方便,水质清新无污染,保水性良好的农田;所述种养共生地为水稻种植田、蔬菜种植田、杂交水稻育种田、烟草种植田、香芋头种植田或大棚种植田中的一种或多种;
(2)在种养共生地的田埂内侧开设种养共生养殖网箱放置沟渠;沟渠占地不超过种植土地面积的10%;在蔬菜种植田、烟草种植田、香芋头种植田或大棚种植田的出水口处下方设置或开挖一个鱼粪便水池,在所述水池内底部放置与水池尺寸相应的塑料隔膜;
(3)将组合好的种养共生养殖网箱逐一放置于沟渠内,种养共生养殖网箱的网袋网目数根据养殖鱼苗种类及尺寸选定;
(4)种养互不影响设置:在种植田需平地、插秧、施肥、喷洒农药时,在种养共生养殖网箱上部架设一有开孔的塑料管,将种养共生养殖网箱底的薄膜塑料袋拉起连同塑料水管一同压平于种养共生养殖网箱顶部,塑料管内引入水源,达到种养短暂分离,待种植田稳定后将薄膜塑料袋压回种养共生养殖网箱底部即可恢复种养供水;
(5)养殖鱼类天敌及自然灾害防范:将所述网袋超出箱框的部分折向箱框一侧即可在种养共生养殖网箱顶部形成隔网,防范鸟类、蛇、狸天敌;在多雨季节,将网袋顶部扎口绳扎紧连接至高位拉绳,避免种养共生养殖网箱内的鱼类因水位上涨逃脱;
(6)种养过程中所述鱼粪便水池内的塑料隔膜对鱼粪水保恒,鱼粪便在水池中分解发酵,作为农作物肥料;
(7)鱼苗培育及鱼种投放,先在培育箱内培育鱼苗,鱼苗培育成50g-100g鱼种后,用10ppm聚维酮碘溶液浸泡消毒后按照100尾/箱投入至种养共生养殖网箱内;
(8)鱼食饵料的制作与投放:选用天然鱼食饵料,根据鱼种大小食量进行投喂;种植物花季期间的两周内不投放鱼食饵料,对沟渠的水进行半小时排水和补水,每日两次;
(9)水质管理:水质需求除了耕种期间,机械平地、插秧、施肥、病虫害喷洒药物时所进行步骤(4)的措施以外,其余的安全期时段在相应水位上保持种养共生地内进出水正常即可;
(10)起捕上市销售及管理:成长期管理经鱼种投放日起满90天的饲养期后,每10天进行一次大小分养,将快要达到上市规格的大鱼挑出市售或单独饲养,并向种养共生养殖网箱内补足鱼苗;
所述种养共生养殖网箱,包括箱框、网袋和薄膜塑料袋;所述箱框由PVC管或不锈钢管裁锯,并由三通搭建成可拆卸的方形箱框;所述网袋设置为方形,顶部敞口,敞口网袋处设置有扎口绳;所述网袋长和宽尺寸与所述箱框尺寸一致,高尺寸至少是所述箱框高尺寸的2倍;在所述网袋周边设置有多个扎带,所述网袋通过所述扎带固定在所述箱框内,所述网袋材质为尼龙;所述薄膜塑料袋平铺在所述网袋底部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的种养共生养殖方法,其特征在于:所述箱框尺寸长×宽×高为200cm×50cm×80cm;所述网袋尺寸长×宽×高为200cm×50cm×150cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的种养共生养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,对于平整水稻田开设门形沟,沟深50cm、宽60cm;对于山坑田或梯田根据农田形状开设后沟,沟深50cm、宽60cm;对于蔬菜种植田、烟草种植田及大棚种植田,开设三面沟,沟深60cm、沟宽70cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的种养共生养殖方法,其特征在于:步骤(8)中鱼食饵料选用农田内自生水瓢、粉碎玉米杆、粉碎谷皮细末、粉碎的蔬菜种植基地脚叶及瓜果藤或粉碎麦皮麦杆细末中的一种或多种;将上述鱼食饵料炒熟或煮熟后,混合投喂;投喂量根据鱼苗大小调整。
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